From Industrial Growth to ImperialismSOL: VUS.8/9

Westward movement (VUS.8a)

•After Civil War, many moved west. Why? ▫Homestead Act (1862) gave Free Land; new technology like railroad and Mechanical reaper made it easier

▫Southerners and African Americans were looking for Opportunities after Civil War;

▫Cowboys drove cattle over the open Range

Impact

•on American Indians? Loss of Land

•on US? New States in the area between the Mississippi River and Pacific Ocean

Immigrants flock to America

Old Immigrants (pre-1871)

New Immigrants

(1871 – 1921)Northern and Western Europe

Southern & Eastern Europe & Asia

• Seeking Freedom and Better lives for their Families

The New Immigrants

•Arrived at Ellis Island, moved to Ethnic neighborhoods (like Little Italy) but soon began to Assimilate into the “Melting Pot” by learning English, becoming Citizens and going to Public Schools

Contributions

•Contributed to Industrial growth by working for Low pay and in Hazardous working conditions: ▫Chinese built Railroads;▫Slavs, Italians worked in Coal mines;

▫others in Textile and Steel mills & the clothing industry in NYC

Reactions

•Native-born citizens resented immigrants due to Religious and Cultural differences and willingness to work for Low pay and passed laws to Limit Immigration like the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921

Growth of Cities •Cities like New York, Chicago, and Pittsburgh were centers for Manufacturing and Transportation; provided Jobs in Factories but also full of Tenements and Slums

•Needed Sewage and Water systems & public transportation like Subways(NYC) and Streetcars (NN)

Technological Change (VUS.8b) •= Cheap Labor + Government policies + Natural Resources 

New Inventions

Big Businessmen

Discrimination and segregation against African Americans (VUS.8c)

•Jim Crow laws limited African American freedoms in the South and crimes like Lynchings were directed against them, so they looked to the Court for help; but in Plessy v. Ferguson, the court ruled in favor of “Separate but Equal”, so many began to move to the North in the “Great Migration”.

Responses

The Progressive Movement (VUS.8d) •used Government to reform Problems created by Industrialization; led by Theodore Roosevelt (Square Deal) & Woodrow Wilson (New Freedom)

Causes of the Progressive Movement = Income Disparity + Bad Working conditionsGoals of Progressive Movement

Accomplishments of Progressive Movement

Government controlled by People

Referendum, Initiative, Recall, Secret Ballot, Direct Election of Senators (17th Amendment) Women’s Suffrage (19th Amendment)

Progressive MovementGoals of Progressive Movement

Accomplishments of Progressive Movement

Guaranteed economic opportunity through government regulation

Child labor laws; Labor Unions (Knights of Labor; American Federation of Labor; American Railway Union, International Garment Workers Union) Strikes (Haymarket Square, Homestead & Pullman) Limited work hours & regulated working conditions; Sherman & Clayton Anti-T rust Laws

Progressives

Goals of Progressive Movement

Accomplishments of Progressive Movement

Elimination of social injustice

Women encouraged to enter Workforce during World War I

Creation of International Markets (VUS.9a) = need for Markets & Materials•Asia and the Pacific

▫U.S. deposed Hawaiian monarchy and annexed Hawaii

▫US annexed the Philippines after the Spanish-American War

▫Open Door Policy: Proposed by Sec. of State J. Hay Gave all nations equal trade rights in China Urged all foreigners in China to obey

Chinese law, observe fair competition

Latin America•Spanish American War – US

▫annexed Puerto Rico▫asserted the right to intervene in

Cuban affairs.•US (Theodore Roosevelt)

encouraged Panama’s independence from Colombia & negotiated a treaty to build the Panama Canal.

•Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft urged Americans to invest in Latin America & promised that the US would protect their investments.