From interoperable to interoperating Geosemantic resources; Practical examples of producing and...

GSTAR – Computer Application & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2015 – Siena, March-April 2015

From interoperable to interoperating Geosemantic resources

Paul Cripps

University of South Wales, Trefforest, UK

• Hypermedia Research Group

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Research Group

Archaeogeomancy, Salisbury, UK

http://gstar.archaeogeomancy.net/

Practical examples of producing and using Linked Geospatial Data (LGD)

Douglas Tudhope

University of South Wales, Trefforest, UK

• Hypermedia Research Group


Introduction

• Background• Geospatial Semantics

• Linked Geospatial Data (LGD)

• LGD for Archaeological Research

• GSTAR

• Producing LGD

• Using LGD

• Case Study:• Colonisation of Britain

• Case Study:• CRMEHgeo

• Interoperable

• Interoperating

Earthorama by spdorsey http://flic.kr/p/69C5QD


Geospatial Semantics

• “…research area combining Geographic Information Science (GIScience), spatial databases, cognitive science, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Semantic Web” • Janowicz, K. et al., 2012.

• Concept of Linked Geospatial Data (LGD) as means of expressing spatial information


Linked Geospatial Data

• LD including spatial components

•Various forms, methods, approaches:• Suit different use cases

• ‘Simple’ database, textual, LD approaches

• More complex GIS driven approaches

•Major research area• W3C + OGC collaboration

• Semantic Web / Linked Data community

• Geospatial community



• Simple LGD:

•Placenames• Gazetteers

• eg Plaiedes, Geonames, Ordnance Survey

• Leverage Linked Data approaches

•Coordinates ie point locations• Numbers, text

• Leverage numeric approaches

• Mapping as points, markers



• Advanced LGD:

• Geometries• points, lines, polygons,

donuts, etc

• Relations & Functions• eg Within, Contains,

Intersects

• eg Buffer

• Coordinate Reference Systems (CRS)• Transformations &

Projections

• Implement OGC standards• WKT, GML, Simple

Features

• Implement W3C standards• XML, RDF, RDFS, OWL,

SPARQL

• New OGC+W3C standards• GeoSPARQL


LGD for Archaeological Research

•Real-world Archaeological Research Questions can be complex:• “Show me a distribution density plot for each

Parish in my Study Area of all object records by type from prehistoric sites of type barrow within 500m of a higher than average density of worked flint”

•Currently not easy to do…• Disparate sources, including Linked Data

• Semantic, Numeric, Spatial


GSTAR

•GeoSemantic Technologies for Archaeological Research

•Doctoral research project• Due for completion April 2016

•Building on:• core CIDOC CRM

• CRMEH extension

• GeoSPARQL


GSTAR

• Investigating:• Production of Linked (Geospatial) Data• Working with Linked (Geospatial) Data• For Archaeological research purposes

• Use cases:• Archaeological research scenarios (academic,

commercial, etc)• How can LGD support real-world research processes?

• Using range of data from UK institutions• Wiltshire Museums, Wiltshire Historic Environment

Record, English Heritage, Wessex Archaeology, Archaeology Data Service


GSTAR


Producing LGD

• Leverage existing ontologies:• To add place identifiers• Placenames, UIDs, Coordinates• CIDOC CRM: Place Appellation identifies Place

• To add depictions• Geometries• GeoSPARQL: Feature has Geometry (asWKT,

asGML)

• CSV, rDBMS, shp, gdb, xml pipelines• RDF, Turtle • Triplestore


Using LGD

•Growing number of tools, platforms• Data storage

• Processing

• Visualisation

• Spatially enabled triple stores• eg Parliament, Oracle, etc

•Web Services to handle data

• Libraries for processing, conversions, parsing, mapping, etc


Using LGD – query

•Query using SPARQL

•Query using GeoSPARQL• Extension of SPARQL; same syntax

• Compliant endpoints

• Wrappers, APIs, etc

•Maps!


Using LGD – results

• Very flexible; many options• Not always so straightforward…

• Bigger Toolbox: LD stack + FOSS webgisstack • Ontologies, Java, Jena, Joseki/Fuseki, GeoTools, Jetty,

Parliament, OpenLayers, GeoServer, etc

• RDF, JSON, XML, etc for use in applications• Use XSLT/HTML/CSS/PHP etc• Text, tables, images, etc

• Use WFS/GML/WKT/GeoJSON etc• Web Maps


Using LGD - GSTAR

• Working GeoSPARQL endpoint!• Parliament

• Source data Linked Geospatial Data• Interoperating geosemantic resources• Ongoing: Building web page to house a

querying/browsing/results interface • Linked Data widgets from HeritageData.org

• Map based interface • Visualisations • Capture query polygon GeoSPARQL query


CASE STUDY

Colonisation of Britain


Colonisation of Britain

•Digitisation project• Undertaken by Wessex Archaeology

• Funded by English Heritage

• Deposited with Archaeology Data Service

• Linked Data component• Outputs represented as Linked Data

• Uses CIDOC CRM

• Now online at ADS


Colonisation of Britain - geo

•Names of Places• UK administrative areas

• Parish, County

• Incorporates Ordnance Survey Open Data• Processed using Open Refine + OS API

•Potential to extend further by adding GeoSPARQL nodes• eg to add actual Parish boundaries


Colonisation of Britain Linked DataWessex Archaeology, Archaeology Data Service

Linked Data resource built using STELLAR Toolkit including Ordnance Survey Open Data


CASE STUDY

CRMEHgeo


CRMEHgeo

• Integration of CRMEH + GeoSPARQL

• Uses RDFS subClass & subProperty• CRMEH classes inherit from CIDOC CRM &

GeoSPARQL

• Basic, lightweight solution cf eg CRMgeo

• But more limited in scope

• Can also be applied to parent CRM classes • Integration of CIDOC CRM + GeoSPARQL


CRMEHgeo

crmeh:EHE0007 Context crmeh:EHE0022 ContextDepiction

crmeh:EHP4i is depicted by

geo:Feature geo:hasGeometry

rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf

sf:Polygon

rdfs:isA

Instance of

WKT Literal

geo:asWKT

RDFS GeoSPARQLSimple Features CRMEH

crm:E53 Place crm:E44 Place

Appellation crm:p87 is

identified by

rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:subClassOfrdfs:subClassOf

CIDOC CRM


CRMEHgeo

• Applied to source data for GSTAR• Sources QGIS, STELLAR Toolkit Parliament

• Museum Collections• MODES XML RDF + WKT

• Historic Environment Records• HBSMR Esri GDB, MS Access RDF + WKT

• Commercial Archaeology Unit • Databases/GIS Txt, MS Access, Shp RDF +

WKT


CRMEHgeo

•Process designed for GSTAR• Compilation of LGD resource to answer PhD

research questions

•Wider applicability• Source repo STELLAR etc LGD repo

• Entirely FOSS

• Scriptable, batchable

•Potential route to enable existing resources…?


CONCLUSIONS

From Interoperable to Interoperating


Interoperable

• Include CoB data in OS web map apps• eg Distribution plans: display artefact

densities by administrative area

• eg Location plans: show in resources regarding artefact types where examples have been found

•Data is online, licensed & accessible

• So interoperable• no tech, political barriers to interoperating…


Interoperating

• GSTAR Demonstrator (in development) • Data Layer complete• Application Layers in progress

• Present a range of queries relating actual use cases:• Real world research questions• Input from domain specialists

• Integrate multiple sources• Inference: generation of relationships using spatial

components of sources

• Query via web map• Present data via web map


Interoperating

• Investigating archaeological research questions

• Start with questions:• eg Show me a distribution

density plot for each Parish in Study Area of all object records by object type fromprehistoric sites of type barrow within 500m of a higher than average density of worked flint

• Express as Queries• GeoSPARQL

• Visualise results, think, do

• Integration of cultural heritage resources:• Object Records from

Museum Collection

• Site location, dating and classification from HER

• Fieldwalking data from commercial contractor

• User Generated input

• Spatial operators

• Numeric operators

• Sources

• Web mapping APIs, Linked Data APIs


Interoperating


Acknowledgements

• Thanks to:• University of South Wales – funding, supervision, advice• Archaeology Data Service – data from their archives• Wessex Archaeology – data, photographs and images• Wiltshire Council – access to the Historic Environment Record

(HER) data• Wiltshire Museums – access to museum collections data

• Personal thanks• Supervisors/Advisors: Doug Tudhope, Mark Ware, Alex Lohfink• Research group: Ceri Binding, Andreas Vlachidis, Keith May• Peers and colleagues: Michael Charno, Chris Brayne, Gerald

Heibel, David Dawson

• Image Credit• Earthorama by spdorsey http://flic.kr/p/69C5QD


fin

• [email protected]

• [email protected]

• @pauljcripps

• gstar.archaeogeomancy.net

• hypermedia.research.southwales.ac.uk

• gis.research.southwales.ac.uk

Date post:	16-Jul-2015
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From interoperable to interoperating Geosemantic resources; Practical examples of producing and...

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