.. •

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA.

DEPARTMENT OF SUPPLY AND DEVELOPMENT.

BUREAU OF MINERAL RESOURCES GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS.

~

RECORDS 1952/12.

NI jl\. :., . L; l'4U COpy

NOT TO BE REHOVIi'D

FROM UIilARY 5Q1242

I1-iTERPRETATION OF THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE

PALAEOZOIC SEDIME1-l"TARY ROCKS OF THE ADAMINABY

TUt1l..\EL LINES, SNOWY MOUNT AI NS •

By

)L . A.A. vp1k.;

. ,

CANBERRA, A.C.T. 12th February, 1952.

arWilZiZIQllSlt.JII ,IZWilWU: ,il,.11I

'..wIQI2~ vUi"IIITAIX IQiII 1M DI,lADall6l1

I ..... leiS •• · Ilat· .,.UIUliI

..

ll,

A.A. 8,lk

.OOlDS 1'52/11.

t,.. •• ",_.l. flliAI.lIll, •• NI!' .·ec·r~BttI.l'II'-

!ttl. WI'1 Mil ..-n'tou cier- 1n 1949 1ft •• Adamlaalt,-I.1ancll'a .u •• w1 ttl J. &1" .... ,p1na 'be ••••• ,,. ... " .. ••• , , .... , ot ... p •• "Rt !ul1el L.l n...la 1.,,1 8; ro"rd,bt _ •• wa..,eat Oil the '.nnel 1.1 .... 'h ••• l" •• \'I, ih. w»1t.... ... .... J ,_ IU14 ••• ot •• Q1 •• leolo,lt' D.C ••• ,. •••••• 1.."1.,,. It. IbdP aa4 o. Woo4. who ,'0"'1484 a 1&1'&. a_QQ" or intoNation 110t ,e' &V$11t1.,1. 1a wl'1tt.n t •• h

........ tllla4_ .. tal 1QtO,,\U'A 11 live" 0& a map (1 mile t. 1 1Ub) ft. tta. ut. _.p11,4 '" D.C ••• ,.. f.-. va}ti •• aoucu.e (malal, mapp1~1 by ,eol0g1'" of ,be :Ie .. leua'b Wal •• Geolo,1o.1IVv.1'. i •• .i\l •• ao ofli.eral .a •• o\I.M.a, •• ,. Snow, 14cn:m, .. laQ ~....al •• t1'10 ./U.lt •• 1",.> aDi tn tb. rIPO"" ot c • .t,. M .... n (1,,1) with •• , \1 .. 1. t. J. in.b), aM .app_-.l ••• \II' 1.1'. W1U,tw •• tb {pe'r010.,.)",. D.O. Fl.'e!uu, •• It •• " •• l'l'aM (pslacn,n'.lOr.r>. fh. "POn of i.~ih Fa1.rbJ.t14s •• t. a1. (1,,1) .. s a1.l. b •• a •• 4.

All •• 'U .... a'. tn tbe '.Mel. Atea a.. Ot4oyloS.an. aQ4 1 A t.e o' .. a. ., "be flatt' P.", Idl aa eYo. 014... ... 1. ,o, •• lb1 •• fae ab ••• - .t a11\U11aa 18 nl •• ", I •• 'i •• tollon., t •• s-

1. 'lb.. GIl13 to •• l1a kao.a 111 t.e d' .... e O"'oV101~U1J M 411ulaa t ••• l1a a'. • ••• fdod.

2. Iio fteka o.,.".:blA 1n l1tuloll with. '1M lilulan 0'& N.S.W ••• til. Ate.f. u. p ••••• , •

..,. '-'be Q .•• I'."111., 2.ao. 18 t.... at ,INk 'la\ C.r.ek a' 0048.. I' _.al., a or l1me_to.. leu1 •• ' 1acalcuu ••••• Ihal •• , tUitac.ows .. <11meate, aU &014 vol •• ni •• , wblcb •• pc ••••• , .. "' •• , .... l.'.l1t ple'Ufhliotb1. oomPIIlJllable exl.". 1a 'a ...... of t"eWultnel I.,ia •• 01' ••• t Of c .......

a. ,IfIIII" 2d1J1t&1I ,Ita •• , 'bl.6&I' • ....... &1'&pto11,.1_.11,\1 •• ia 'Ill area .t t_

A4Ul1r..ab¥ 1M" .,. _'IMJd "I' O • .t.. A4ame. (1,'1) ad. _co,cU.qt. Pl.teb ... aBel iU,e.f'flN, ttle, 4.11ft ... 4 E.atolllan 1'..... Botll "b. _a.. ., ".. lh .. liOal6'Uh aoae 1f.. 11 w1t" .~~~~~~tIi~~ and aOM 50. 12 w1 ttl'!,' OJ.' •• a 0 . 1n Viet.1flaa tel:lld}, are , ••• oa.. Ira .:tOti tile ,ife •• nt W1' .1' all" D.O ••• ,. .• 011.0,.4 at W_b .. ,ok "".ll, in a etd.a.'olite-b •• l'llqJ . ' ... 1.· ... 8 .•.. k 8 .• ba. 1., ...... gAt, lI.i;~~.·.~i~UIl l1111C'1. 3".' aWv .• ' .• e tallaa. Of. s .. one 12. ZlIJ~DI£IUl'1I IlltLI\_ rill tie l'u.x tOl' tt.1oae 1), tbe 10 •• vlloa' 8.*' iY""'th IilIiilaa. , ..•• B&11wU,aa ,.dl_llt. $'. p" ••• ut "U, not '-.' l.C1vcatt,aiett.. file pl'e.8n.ce otl,lIQ'£'9IUI$JA' at trla.b,,,ot Cr •• k b.a. It.en , •• n •• lt 01" ...... 4 " La ....... fl 11l; liownel,14.

'''',81"0" ., d1" .. , t •• all .TiC.ue 'be ;velUIAI." .... Mit. 1n tbe a"ca. a par' of 'he A4ud.o.a_, Bed II. a.e Upp." Uppel'

Ol'4ovicU.ac

-1-

(1011_1._) at\4 111.441. I"eJl 0_0,,10"_ (E •• tendan). Of .oQJ.t •• 1111.1, •• ot 014."..,aa .,$ pOIiU.1bl. •••• '. iQ ta. t.a. ~ ttl. Bal." Io_tala. C .. ek ad tn. folluu' ••• k •• e.,1&1a" 1la'l •••

at II., pt: SU "aal11l1."' •• ,"_ Wlaok aball ._ot ,.ut , •• 1 •• an ........

wlthia tbe 1(1 .. ,. B..s., "Ill •• oOfilll.' Gt btu •• A cbe,'., tutt •• tutt ..... '.41mea,., ad antl.el"lotlo.s. A ,_be, ot to88111 NO'll' 11'1 tttl. Jl)lMk I .. ale.. ..eW.e Jia . .t". ..'1'.06, _4 hqme.,. of .all bpaeb-..dt aey.pal , .... ,'011' •• .".u'8eo11.,.4. ,b.. cU,pl •• 1~apt14' ... e lu>twel1 , ....... m "., tb:t}1 m.,. .'PI ••• nti M ~"I lUlU. , • .a. i~9Il£f"I' . J'l'II8Iflen'. at a SIP:QI:; ::..=: ..... a ......... a ~ •....... -.. ,a. ' ... , •.•. alt.l¥ •. ~ ... . p.c •• n: 81... .. . ., e .. pl ..... V$d epec:u,mtm. or -R~-~--:-~-: IiYIf*rt'.' ef. ftl'. . .a. colleetG4 b,. . It . it "7'. C. .rye;, &"aptol1'. . aee 'b. fa.a of •• D •• Ie. 10 (B.,.,d1ti'3'W'I) aft' ... , (-lIIaifti1iI~'~"" .alob ~C"~l'Ol'.""l •• "ataft (1. .... Ip,., ~ o~.aa ~.··a. 1(1.'.1'1.Q OJf4ovs,a 1a ••• al.. ttl. 1l1e,ok .... 1. .\ If •• , PO. 40.' not, of Ck'tUI., •• vel' " ... bottl _ .. at' .atab ... tbe 'black .bal. • • _ ••• " .ell .a _10. 2. ••• ,U,me_t. ofooUl •• ».ble "hicka ••• O.cUlI.', inl"tcat 2.n8 -

1. ,b ••• be GilbO.raianae'lll •• ,.tlGft pa •••• il ... witbou, b,.altl,

2. . that, ..UartAz-. le4. lUI1_t.be blaelt abal, .., .. v •• .$~ .... al e14e •• '&1"011 ,. SlOM",.

3. 'la' .1u.' ••• ,. ". A4aa1aab,. .... ( ••• ".1.,e,4aiellMla • •• . East.alan) aail ,. It .......... tb.,. 18 aet' Ia.' Itl'atl&f_tlleal .,.e. 1.,1 to anotb'''l'ock Qatt .ts la"a ... tbe ,._, Foad .le4e 01' ,be JoltOR b.,..lt ••• , aat 11_117

4. ,bat tile Acll.a1_lQ- "'8 aaA Xia •• a _ .... p •••• nt n.ulJ ,he _.pl.t. UP.'» g.lt40Yl81aD "1 'b ,.. h •• ot 1(1 •• 1' .• 1848 ft •• ". Int. ,he MiMi. OMon.laa •.

fit ."' •• ,t. .'at. ot , ....... va\len .~ tbe pap­toll' •• 111 ,he black abal. a\ ,.-.t P .. 1. ".", l.,."f •• t;. IItt •• ma\e ... 11.1 wl.l1 ,.va.,. eUUl. tbe pl.' .... 0,.. tn ta'ftu .f ta • • - Bo. , W1.'I\ Qt&dlfCAe''1tl'''t"M''M, wbieb. 1a ,he tep , •• a. of a41441. 01' 0,,10.n. . ti· in lil. ea •• p01&\ J abovt eoaoerL111i the ttltll'atllll'apbtc ap.e t? w111 not be arl •• t.alntcli .Q4 ttle a .. ,-..l will ."11 bolel.

l_lIIill. EII.lID '.11'111'1.1 ...... '!tl. te ... Toape"a •• O"e.' baa 'un ... ltV

1'.1 ••• 1". (1'J1) te, MOlt .... 'be f..,..... C, •• taad Ip.. ad tbe •••• wa41q alte.. It.... t. II_ s,a,'fIt -".:&1&11411. Ie". Gofttairllne a ,_Dtuat __ , ., ielft.,. be.,. and and" at tio no"e. l." ..... ,,, ••• ta •• tbe .»lter a- ¢. wo04ob •• rved bite ot "l.a.k abal ... et 1)l'o"'a'lI' ~~l,t._t 1nl f •• a cove .... ' •• ,o,.p. . .. ast.l. . .4 a balt we $t t". tll\. ' ••• ,anee 8pul' 18 tJ ... el:1i of .1__ shal. wltb. Dl •• 1101»a •••• j!vut.ea\:a ,a1011enI18 Oft 'b •• th,,, lIIifU'* or , .... twa_ 11ve.. It .... "., .... ,. ...... ft_.,.1086- to '''e 1.1 ... »& SVf4,HRoe .. a a laO». 01' 1 ••• 41.t'l.Wlt .,,,a\11J1l11.phl0 meattel' of '"_ bat ,.obll, .. l, tbe ned b1sbe»QIl1" t • • 1tt. M11. Staall ('GiR»i,,_, 1951). cuu:t\a1aa ,tie lIt1ao_ ... 1 ••• 1ill .»ap,.l­it •• a' ,be l'iDdlu'vel", Ole" ia an.o'b~u .. 'Init wltbln tbe nad". Jed8.

1101MB t,. ,GloDlc", ~ll~br1dge 19,51.

Tha Bolton'. Clre,vwaoke 18 a Jloek unit, 8 tOl'mat1.on, ,d1stlncttrom ~be Klal'1d1*a Beda. eatS ot a cons1de.l'abl. thickness. !'be thiokness of 10,000 toet .u~t1ma't.d bl' .Fa1rb1'1d,o 18 exauel'ate4. bacause ' the 1'oIlIIatlon i. olotell' tol~e4 1100 oontorted. iut neveptheled the 4epoe1tlonal tblckne88 1e several thoI.Walltl te.t. L1 tbolagleall,. ~wo pal'j;.'i .an be 1'«logn1:1e4. The low.r 'POI'.1011 1n the eaat. &lona Mulligan· a C.vcek, with eltmlped chert", .• tatee &nd quartzite", attd pel'bapa wltba tbin 811101t1ed and elumped l1m8etooe ban(l, and in N' ••• (Bolton f $ Tl'l,. Bolton' e Hut) e mora or leae ' , un11"ORl, rhythmiC .aeqUQ06 of gl'fl7 quarts1 tea and dark ~.te8. Tbe .lamping 18 doveloped h.re to a 1.18$1' degree tban at' »ul11san'. Oreek.

Poe.il. bav. not 7.~ b •• a reoorded in the !oltOD FOi'matlal14! A~Qrd1na \0 hlJ1b!'!4ge tbe Bolton i'ol'matlon 1a oT&Ltla~n b7 the Temperance chert, ot CO~ •• ihe Boliol'l 7onat,10n oannot b. plaoed bight» beo&u •• of ita great th1okne •• aad beCaus., ae pointed oat abovo, tho atrat1;l:apb.1e apace at the UppeJll O;ttdov101an 1" t1,11.e4 up comple'le17 b7 'be Mamlnaby and Klandl'a Boda. But tbe oontact or the Sol iOn FOl'mat10n apJon.' tbe youngev Tempel'snce b'01'll1.. 1S not ... 011 expo. ad but 11 QbeoU1'.4 b. y, ibtt roonzonite 1ntl'ualoU. So thi.. l'olati0El8bip cannot be eDm1ned along ttle 1lunnel Line iiitel.t.

. fbe two folloWing oxt:rsme nlt.rn~t1VfBtlja,. b" -taken 10\0 con.leJera.lon.. ,

1. tbe 40lt oolour of tile iOlion J'Ol'm&i10.n 1. canae4 b1 a 81'eat aDDWlt o~ clark mineral., perbaps of tuttaceous cbal'ftcte.r., ~be uppor p~t ot tb. !Olton Formation m&1 therefore imtep. tinsel' w1 ttl tb. lowol' part ot the Kiandra Be". 1n tbe west, wbere aDd •• 1tlc voloanio Aot1vity 1. yerl pronouoced. A cbmp 1n 11iboloQ of thia k1n4 18 l'eaaonable and po.a1bl. in re1.'1,..1¥ abo,t dletancee aCro.stbe •• dlmentatlon baain, aa l' 1. devellp.4 in the present 0 ••••

2. fbe clark 0010\11.' or tile Bol.ton •• 41 .. nt. 18 not at a direct volcan1c 01'1g1n, but tbe minersl. a1'8 introduced in a normal co~ •• ~: $~081on tram p»~-ex1.tln& root.. Tbe 4om1nant cur ..... nt beddlna .... ~tbm1o .edt_dation, 4om1nant 01a.t10 ohar.cte". anA widely 41.tl'lbuted slumping, 1.nd1ca"., pe1'Qpe, QontempOl'aueoua orogen1o activit,,_ 2eoton1oelly, "he Bolton ~l'ma\1on baa 'be.n atfected more ~b.Q once • .bay1ag not lea. than '-.0 lDdep.Q4ent ayatema of cl.avaae besidee tbe riaailit,. ot be441n;. In ibis sense tbe Bolton FOl'mat1on 18 1'81a\ed to tbe T_u'i Pond BeGe. wbieb. the .1'itor "egai'd. a8 "be olde.t .ediments in tho' ~ea. fbe~~for. it msJ be p088ible tbat tbe 0pP.l' T\Dut POl'ld Beds paae i.nto ttw base of the Bol tOil FormatloQ.

, . or GOUlt .. _. no quant1t1at1ve 1188eUl'ements or the

se ... 1;r7 or the BOlton roc~. are available and tbie altel'nat1Ye. as .. 11 as tbe ft".a' one. mevell' illustrate tbe p»oblerns involved wltl:l)nt givlog a final an..... ii.v.riMless tbe Bolton '01'm8t1on acoording to aYal1able ob •• 1'Vatlowt baa to be placed llolo.J tbe Itlanara Be4_.

~b'.~91~ Pg94 i!4!.

~b.. fWDttt. Pond aeda conal.t o;f two eub4:Ly1s1ona. At lwaG' PoD4 itself tbel" is • rbvthmic •• quence ot 11gbt-coloUl'c aao4.tofte. witb gpeen1ab tl1gb1v tla.tle 1II00tb. and .on abel ••• 'ruftace8u8.aodatonea and thin oonooJ.'dan' porpbVrl' 1a¥el'.aI'G pre •• nt'. Ina DOl'tbe".1l' dill.otlon trom UD4e»neatbtb18 upper 1'b3"t.bJIll0 section emeri •• at a low ~1. 8 ahale wltb occaaional sandstone beds - tb. 10W.Dp.~t o~ tbe ! amat Pond ~ A o.~taln low-8~ade regionaL metiamol'pt11a 8eems to be a.."eloped. Exten.i" OlltCl'Opa ot 1t exists at AK1ng. 0"0 •• ". 1n. tb.cutt1naa ot tbe roaa to 1'.1Ilt '004. and 011 tbo e •• t."D elope. ot the epW' towa.l'd off be Clo81' Oreek. Tbe rook 1. a ,reell, eott, UlOoth tlat1ile ahale" wit h a pbl'lU .. t10 eorJlugatlon, 'tbe lnten.ttl' ot whiob 1s .. r1able bu.t seem. to 1ncrease totba nortb.

- 4 -

:rO •• U.8 bavefte" ,.." .ea to.,.. 18 , •• '.a p •• iNa. a •• J.r •• t'.l ......... 1n.1.al of , ... i •• , poll4 ltd_ flNoont •• lla)Jl •• an4 tbtl low." ,.,t P"'.' 1a'. til •. ,,.. 'Fa . " ..... luI·..... 1* \be A_.e .. filt II ••• ' ... 1.,..".. . .... '.II~.a1. ,,,U)_t.;, of botb, pU1Uf .18.1a.\1ai..tolNtk A ... ra1 • ..".,1, ",,18 , •• va11a. fh dlp 1a "alllalale. .",,"al1.1 at , •• , 'oDd It •• 1f, ...... "... ·WU t1.11 ~lO •.. 41, to 1404. ' to14. allo .".,' ..• ,.,e41. 8 .... 8,a pl ••• , aM. lIitlOI' s'h-i..-'"PWl''' 000 •• · A'Ola.l_ 1. ' .. e1.pM p,e4u01111 a ;,h •• 10, ".al.'l, Hctallslltar' .. t".'IU)),.... ~hfl l .... %' dlapul of tb.ao1nl1q a •• le. e.ln~14e. 1'11.1 ... V.»'10.1 ,La" .8l"0$. "!lUi a"'-'_. '1b10b1.1 at •• tbe uial pl •• ot ,""t ,btll",. (u.l*l~ga'1... Jrta14~' 'be .aia eloavtl,p (It-I). whl.'., •• , .. 14 •• 1tll the .atNt.'U'le"tlful, _\ le.etbaa ,tu~ ••• 'bal' 41"8.t-rons •. t' .1 ••• ". lee.l.', . Ina ... Pl •.. ··• ~ •.. fA .4. l1.ri •• lla .... ,t.o •. 11 ae.,.lOpl4 OB1.tlh'.""4t.diQ plan •• \op .malft 1"1 •• 111.· ttl' ,1&"" •. Ill) .1 .... ·.1;. •. ·. 11 .O\1J:t'ln I III fJt~" 41".~tl0U. It. ..... tit ,...l1el _1UI1' t.ua.n. "i.. fl,.1 alloltob.tUtile$ p&.,411$1 tot .... atl'lke Qe a fw.-itat;tt eOllpl1ea'''." , ot 'th •• 1:;watl.a.

ZVidtn'l.; tbo :a.'.l.lt 'OA4 ».de b.a1' 'ttl. nUll'ka at ... ., ••• 1 •• \Cunull . .,. '00t..01.0 .tr.", .. ,. Ttl. !QJlu.il'I ,fCUlt. Be' •• re oontlnei t. t.bt arl .... , ..... 1, f.ult ,oat. aa4ltiaQdl'Ilt t.".", ,1l'b8l\.~ 1n D.C. MG.-.'. 8p1td.Oct, a luitl'.t. Ieea ••• ot tb.l.. gfea' tb:1oko •• " tbt"'~tp(lQ4 lkKhtl carlftot be pl.a~_ 1".. • ••• 1.. ' &1»0.4,. ,11._._"_ Ob.,10tlfl17 ta4 ,._, 'end let. »8, ...... d. 'Ul, 014 •• , l'Hk UfIU' 1n ,a.. ue ...

lIIWit.'..' ~U laY 111S'l1n .. g'lll ~11111· 'fbI $.Ul"eaoo eon.,iat.. fill m10aotHlHaa 'a,le iP.ulUli.aft

bard fl.,11. abal •• , dark iJ:l •• a banded !In •• iOil ••• an,4 ,,*J14 .au.' •••• in a 1'IlIibrde 01'481'. !be "blekft."$ l$ll'elatlvel;V .... at, p.~_,. 10lle tkou$ar.u'l fee't.

fIl •• "1($ ape to •• 111f'e~o"l! At ,be POl'i.l. 111p, on'b ••• ok t. Di1i.l.l S1'.~'O. ),. in It. ba.n484 •• "0., n •• po •• aJ.+ (up to 2_. 1ft Ci1,._t.en.-) 4t".~'.4 .bG41 •• 00 •• 1'. . 't •• aDell it ,,, ••• neda. a yellow .,$»tb,y oaplnll." filled \lP w1\ .. t_ look matRix. 1 .. , re, ••• ent, peraapl, 01t»ao048 of 4lntlnltJtoWIl •• la\10Q-8 .. 1,. OIl i1.~Q~baV O~.ek, otle mile bfjl._ tho po,tal a1'., :La a fl •• U.,8kQ). tla ... d1ttel1(utrt WOJlltll il'aoll.HI •• tCl .olle.'.',n1eh 8"11 toto_an a$$~mblaae of 8tJfat11lJ1aplUo val.....' 811111.81' , .. _ka ..,e not 70t ChlHiU).it 1ba4 tN • .,1 ••• 1'14.111 " arui tll."e£o». tbey CtUUlOt at p •••• at -... explQl, teet tQ~ as. 4etf/HMl11.na1iJ.on. B\lt" be ••• erabl.ap at tbo.$ t,.oke I'O, •••• Qt1n.g tta •• 41tt.'ent 'IP.' bas a '''Jlat1gl'apbl0' val" •• a8a OCCHU1'J'ltlg to~tb.r.. ~h.,.rol'. all the end It tltis rep."t tben ar-e d."»1~.d .£14 ill •• 'ritted.

1.1 \aoloaioall.l the ""k' ,t 'be Po.Ptal. a1*. -OIRpa .. abl- wA.l.~J"8 ot tb.Joltoa 'ol'Mtio·tl. Ot (Sour •• "bbeJ301'kHt IfHU conta1n '.00 .... aark m1.!l\u'ale ~n4titt .• lIleaMQrphcu.e<1, _bel-••• at t •• kl..d Mo .. ontain oreV.'k 1.l0 .. · ~tal t. ~$tt!.mor. pb1sm if! nfl,1111"'1. ( ••• 11 au •• l •• at a dIke). QOnlpara1tllt PMUOCeUl' .1$0 taJ! 'to t. aOJ.'\h • • t tbe lall •• ot m..o~. Mountain in Catlb$l'l*a.

rio 411'.et age det.l"ltination o,t ttie »ald "to.'.ift :-•• ta1 be.'. 1, ".1'10., .a4'be depealtl.onal X'elat1onah1, with the Mamto.,. i04a 1.,. .... n aa well. It ._.s ,. \18 an 1n:U.e. 9t 014.1' "Mlta w1 'h1n '1M flpl' Ovdon01aa a •• a.

Z'!.~ AI·· .. , .« till. "'}>I Jtti!.I'~!f.' . gl· l\t_,QIM;~_il!.tM\~~J1} J .. oona14.,abl.. P&U1$ ot tne.A4ui.na'bJ Be"e ... 10GS

4.1'1n1 'It 11 ~o t be "Uppo.r Ol'QOVielan, 1hilm.f'O\l~ 1..,,,11 'U,e.ot 'black. abal •• ot J114dlt l1ppel'O,4i),vlC1ap .{j.a~nGnlU) al.! a». ptt •••• , 1a tbe _.... !tu.il' tbiokEl'I$ ta Of tb.- OMll' of Joo.400 t •• t. Wlth tile a.­li'lbol..uEdton1al'l QQ·CUl'8 in a .14. are. to tbe nOl'tbt,,, •• t: of', •• M.\U"'l.t"bit1'tH~,Il.a.t* OallbEt]! .. a). It se$. 1 bat. Ea.11ontan bl._.'~r. enat ... to,.." a eont1ntl9" b1&._" itl ttl.acea. Upper Upp.l'l~~"itid (Jolldlan.) Ul p.r~.tlnt alao (e ••• it •• ,_k. Or"It), bat ita 1.1ttul)lop, 'b1oltncullii, and. fJ1strll:ut1oll, uo. \UlltMWfl.. Most p~~abll i t. t.h1~ku.la .. 111. RO\ eXC"j tbe 'hickn ••• fJt tbe Ihu,1Utft1.a.

.... ,-.t..oW(f.l' "'1'.1* OrdoVioian (Gll1boJrft1$n) foaat 1$ $.1.'$

unkno:wu 1 n tlleA<lfllUlnabl-Cooma 81' •• , 1J4!' .... bapa bee,.".. tbev are QQ' flO cl06ull, contlect,~d W1 t;h 0180k -btl •• '1£14 t ilel'etOl'EJ not (!l as, to d18COVli1Jl'. .aut tbe \otal thi.knees of ttl. AQam1nab~l leds 1. detln:ltsl,. much la.t'gel' ttum tbe tblekn~.uul oti4lurtonian Qu.a io1:lnci1a.li t(faetbfu-,whloh meallS that Giaborninatand, pe"baps, iU.d41.e Ol'dovlc1an is also pre.ent in tbe uea. In 'be WEU.' the,. a ... l'ep»elllent.u by the Kiat&Ql1S HCh,. dia1Hngu1al'1ed b1 ttle &ndeIJ1tle YOl.oaB.lea ana aOQOmpfiqtns Qael't.. It $Ue.a tOkt, mov;\.ns EiUllflt, and _","f!l)filS ttl. sedimentation basin,· ttlo accentuatetl V olQ 8.ft 1 0. Ktsn4.va belt pasae. ;j.uto :a. mo·%'$ ~nottma1 n developnl~ult of JIl.$Cu,mGnts. witi .• b Catlnot be discr1!Hinat~awell anousa b1 1.1tbo.log1eaa. 0111t6r1 •• The same, or 001.11'6., i$ possible> toe the Bolton ...... tlon, '0 <-Hmclud., altnoagb all. to.ails 'u)l.lo~t.d 80 tal! 1tl ,. AQalUnu" .... lilEO a,tt$& belong to a IIUlgl •• ~8ston1an bl~ek.""sbal. bOl'izQu 1t does flO' n.(uu.sa~i13 mean tlUit the .,. of all NeAt urU.tsln the dea 1e oonfineu to tbe Uppel' OtJQ,oTlo1an.

ftle px-e.ent 111'1 ter baa not enough knowledge of tbe VlctOl'ian C»dov1cieUl to "t(U'.hloe & e(nH~$lation 1n tbaot dl,,"tion • .aut 1.1;1 seems tbRt the Clovelopme nt 0'1 tbe Oi~4ovlc1an 1&1 tbe Alps ia ditt~rof.lt frG~r; VlctO~la. Ttl$ Jlti.ddle OfJdtrvlo1$ll 1B Violoria 111 hlgbll :tOiUS1111't<J.tOlU., wb ... ~a$ :in ihe Alps no tfHlll'11s beloW the blaCk ahalt1l of l"QJnui rOM have ,;\I·.t be(l'n l"soorded. But. 'tbe Orilov1eim.n l"oeka exteHd nOl't.b tvorn tbo Snoq ih)Uu,1ia1ns oon1iln.UCHHll.N· EU5 a d.1atUl(~t depO'll t10Ga1 all4 atl'ust\u;tal b~lt tQl} a gl'*eat o1stancHh as ta» as Carlb.ella, and b."ooo. Tile B6quenQ~ in, .Canb~~l'a bas beon Gtudle4 })y the 1'11'1 ter, an4 Sfiune be4s ean bfi dated bltbtllJ gx·aptolitea.

In tbElt pl'ev1oulSIpal'agl"aph ('lhe li!tl~:U"l1 'lIl: of '1Adam­inab,. D4'Ul~n) 1 t. haa becnl polnted out that 10. theull'ect1.on aO.ross tbe depoa;i.tl0nal baalt1 ave.!.-- a l'elta\lftla ilIbQrt dletanoe tbe 11tkologi.eal 6ispect mq ohatlgfJ oOnIiil14e~abl.v p~OduaU~1 an lU\ctU.''ta1nty 1.11 cGt-.v~l.atlorl aml aat:.l.llS_ Ttle eompa.r1rmn W1 ttl CaQberl'et snows tbe Sallle in the dll'eot1oa a14ng tbe tu,\s1n as well •

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t:ifft:atf~k .. t:':~~·;b:~lMfllSiii:f\,=~l'~~lt,:·:':i:: tbe baokll.'tou of tbe O(u.~ •• 1.a'1.on. !i':r.tQm tle,e aownWEiNG ttt •• OJl,ela't1oa 18 ve1J¥ ten'*1H. •• , lIJe.a ... fossi.l. fl •• aba.a,_ tbe l1tbOlc.g 1. 41t:te".ftt, a. tH '.lell".4. ot ttl •. \la1'. tn JIM a_., It,,_ alte. 1. 1.110""'.'1, Sf.~t. fb. N4101fu'lan oberta in ' •• "IUllta.l. hl'lt." ,tn aan". t'. "a • .,. .t~ll 104.: i.e. at. $, tt$lEt .. t!OrU'blp l1th.... 'b~.· .~_' .....•.. ~.... tbe 1(.1.&I41'a .,4 .. +.·.1.11 OCUlbtu*'*.,t ao,'hlltjlRa to .AtAit QpU, (ltSll,.· "bex-e.· en.,. tkep"'l.lIot.Ii~.ak. an. aeonto:Nil1 tl' b.tw •• ~ the t11ttlyi_lc S8.f14Ul**amt " .. Ilaok "\taiun sa •• t •••• sec.a". 'Uae latt ••• boWII , a tEl"toRio 4$,,0 .... t10n Iif •• '"AI ,..,t it <lana"t be ettmlpletely •. ..,l.I.n84 " •••• '.at O.fOBeQl'Jl1f $iaU,1.aI? 14.a8 al'e eJtpI' •• ,$4 ... ov. in connecticutwii. 'b. "etGl'tIlatlon .,r tbe aol to. "1'II&t1oo ad e*J.J •• lall.\t tbe tan .. Feu BEl41"

Ll"ol •• al17, 'fte rcoklat ine Bald ill'. Cl'e.lr. " •• tal . u. ".n alm1a, 'I) .,Ibille. and. sanda,o... at. , •• balM .tthe alaoll .... '.1ft. laA4.' ..... wbe,r.te til. ,nll tOfuU.l' ","oJ,tde4 aro ,.0,,17 pHS.1''9'84 WOM ,,, •• k.. Of 'SQU'.' a .or •• lt.'i..oa _._ .n •• b aa eV14ench!l 1s "Ie"., unoG,ta1n. " .. low :p~.1t1on of tbt1J _14 Itt. O:fe.1l .P.»t~l 11.'1 in tile OO'l'el.at.l0Q Ta.lft abo •• 1t achlo,41a, '0 p ...... t It •• leAs.the , •• ,.., poealble.' . ;..11441e Ord¢tVi<U.a.n as$ ad aklgBlI po.lliOA 11 lUlu".1b1e al wa1.1..

!be ".J'tl.al 41et,UH1,ton or ttl,f rOOk at. " .... Pd~ .1tll 'he ,U.8tI'11".1011 of tbe! pa,'.11t.. 110 •• in C •• OI' •• __ -.a'a 'be 'Pr.lllea .f a 0 .... ,,1 .. .. _et \b.lowflr part or "be BO'1WA aDd ttle! •• ' , •• h4 ••

Ba if ... ~ Ill. 1101&·.;11.+ fi,.. 1-4 •• ' •••• n' the \fO"lt tll'a()ita fl'o. Dle f'llJtU' 0 ... 4.

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.1,. ,. itnt.11l'fti "80t. n'it1A •••• fl .... , (Ill., .bale) 1'_1.'1_ '.POll .flU"n,. •• t1ce.1.a.att. fbe ..... 'tlq ardmlll. ,ailt Q eu .. , ,lttan fl'!. tM .. tao. ttl. 'Il ••• a. aea.t:>ob.,4 to, 1'004 ta, .,o· •• oue 1ft -.d4i.na p1a,,8 ot ,. -.anoo •• o114a'.4 •• d1,*.,ltl. fb. min,t_ ',.ICa a,e :knowa 1a '1M Pal •• , .• 10, Itlt ibis put to ala» ,,, ..... to •• •••• .

'1,.4."114$1 ike mlalq '.l'aekIOll the .lSb' a14. It'.e ,flOtGllla,h, VI.", tnoka .. ot tbt .am. d1N,UJ:ltU, •. ,e, •••• ,,_. p.rba.p&. ,be tvaeka c:t tbe.ru..al eban81_ 1,. ,l. •• f.ao. ..,»Olpeot ,. 10 artO,tA.,. _. ""k 16 aUla.

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Can'lle ••• , ... lde. 'he WON t ..... k. 0.ao40a1.* aM ,1' • .,'01.1' •• <._ 6> •• v in tbis bel's.... Th .f_k 1ra • ,laB·cra1 .. 4 _.­.'oae 1.t.,,"44 .. w1'11 ".,lIIlt. blw".b IU014.'0.... be WO". '» .. oka .e ... ll1. tbe Via,," 'l'ao~. Of '1 •• 4. \la' w1'ttlOtlt 'ke abat'.. Aft 14e.ts.rt.o.is.o. t.el'et'OH 1. uaoel*ta1a 'ltoqb pOGalble.

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'ut l,l .. aad 'l'oo.Ro,.So..N.S.W.,4I, 172-212.

li.W •• 1.·1\zpa'.;10k, ;a., IolUl., l .. , 100M', l'f~ ·19,1. ael1ol't ot ... lo,leal __ "701 '1M "f'el'l'.

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19,1 ... 8t.8.t1I1"a,,,,, g(;01081081 hlato", tectoni •• l .tr_tue, and ptqa10,ll'QD7. of Canb.~raJ ,Q'weal,r .. of Aut.IkI.r.K1n.l't afUh (tomp"lu •• )

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