fromclassicalneo-classicaltointegrative

8/22/2019 fromclassicalneo-classicaltointegrative

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Prof. Josefina B. Bitonio, DPA

LNU Dagupan City

From Classical, Neo-Classical to

Integrative/Modern

Organization Theories


2/15

Frederick Taylor, dubbed as the Father of

Scientific Management, is best known for his

one best way approach in accomplishing

task. Classical organization theory evolved

from this notion.


3/15

Another popular manifestation of this approachwas that of Luther Gulicks POSDCORBmethodologies. Gulick and Urwick (1937 ascited in Shafrtiz and Hyde 1997) integrated theideas of earlier theorists like Henri Fayol into acomprehensive theory of administration. Theybelieved that a single science of administration,which exceeds the boundaries of the private and

the public sector, exists. The reasoning of thescience of administration was largely borrowedfrom Fayols fourteen principles of organization.


4/15

POSDCORBPOSDCORB was coined by Gulick with

Urwick. It stands for the functions of

management - planning, organizing,

staffing, directing, coordinating,

reporting & budgeting.

POSDCORB, however, was seen as lessinfluential in post-war Americangovernment. Thereafter, Simon, Waldoand Appleby attacked the idea ofPOSDCORB.


5/15

Simon(1946) in his book, AdministrativeBehavior, created a distinction betweentheoretical and practical science. He

introduced more common principles in theliterature of administration administrativeefficiency and specialization when he wrotethe article, "The Proverbs of

Administration. (Simon 1946 as cited inShafffritz and Hyde 1997; Stillman 1991)


6/15

in 1945, Appleby, led a postwar attack

on the concept of politics-administration dichotomy by drafting aconvincing case that publicadministration was not something

apart from politics but rather at thecenter of political life. (Stillman 1991:123)


7/15

In 1948, Dwight Waldo tried to establishthe direction and thrust of Public

Administration as a field of study in hisbook, The Administrative State, whichhit the gospel of efficiency thatdominated the administrative thinkingprior to Word War II. That same year,Sayre attacked public personneladministration as the triumph overpurpose. (Shafritz and Hyde 1997: 74)


8/15

In 1949, Selznick introduced the so-calledcooptative mechanism where he

definedcooptationas the process ofabsorbing new elements into theleadership or policy determiningstructure of an organization as a means of

averting threats to its stability orexistence. (Shafritz and Hyde 1997: 147)


9/15

A contemporary of Goodnow was WilliamWilloughby (1918). Willoughby stressed therole of the trilogy covering all three branches of

government but he was more known for hisbudgetary reforms. He discussed themovements for budgetary reforms in the US inview of the budget as an instrument for

democracy, as an instrument for correlatinglegislative and executive action, and as aninstrument for securing administrativeefficiency and economy.


10/15

Mary Parker Follet (1926) also made some

significant contribution to the discourse of

Public Administration as one of the

proponents of participatory management and

the law of situation which can be attributed

to the concept ofcontingency management.She illustrated the advantages of participatory

management in her article, The Giving of

Orders.


11/15

In the 1920s and early 1930s, Elton Mayo

conducted the Hawthorne experimentson the theory of individuals within anorganization which propelled the humanrelations school of management

thought.


12/15

Chester Barnard (1938) presented a more

comprehensive theory oforganizational

behavior when he wrote the functions ofthe executive. He argued that for the

executive to become more effective, he

should maintain an equilibrium betweenthe needs of the employees and the

organization.


13/15

His concepts were later explored and

developed into more comprehensivetheories and principles as advocated byother researches in organizationalbehavior and management, such as,Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory,Mc Gregors Theory X and Y, 11 Argyrispersonality versus organization andLikerts Systems 1 to 4, among others.(Shafritz and Hyde 1997)


14/15

Maslow (1943), on the other hand,focused on the hierarchical needs ofthe individual. His theory of humanmotivation, states that the humanbeing has five sets of needs:

physiological, safety, love or affiliation,esteem and ultimately, and self-actualization.


15/15

Is there a Philippine Public Administration orBetter Still, for whom is Public

Administration?

By; Alex Brillantes, Jr. and MaricelFernandez

June, 2008

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