Front MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Mar., 1942), pp. i-ivPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/17672 .

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THE MARCH

SC>IENTIFIC M ON T HLY

Edited by

J. MC8KEEN CATTELL, F. R. MOULTON AND WARE CATTELL

CONTENTS FORCES AND ATOMS. DR. KARL K. DARROW .... 197 THE HUMAN SIDE OF SNOW. DR. J. E. CHURCH ............................................. 211 THE DISCOVERY OF PINACATE VOLCANO. RONALD L. IvEs ......... 230 STRUCTURE OF CELLULOSE AS REVEALED BY OPTICAL AND

X-RAY M ETHODS. DR. W. JAMES LYONS ......................................................... 238

ADJUSTABILITY OF THE LIFE PROCESS TO INJURIOUS AGENTS. DR. WM. DEB. MACNIDER ..................................... ...................... 247

THE YOUNG NATURALISTS' SOCIETY. PROFESSOR C. JUDSON H ERRICK ......................e... ..251

SCIENCE AND THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN VALUES. PROFESSOR JOHN M. FLETCHER .259..... .I..... ......................................................... 259

THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. DR. RALPII S. BATES ............................................ 265

AN ANTIROPOLOGIST IN RUSSIA. I. DR. A. HRDLI6KA .................. 269 BOOKS ON SCIENCE FOR LAYMEN:

Mathematics for the Philosopher; The Physical Sciences and their Applications; A Psychiatric Analysis of King George III; Allergy -Its Nature and Treatment; A Study of the Psychopathic Person- alitty ...........277

THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE: The Heritage of Galileo; Resolutions on the heath of William Al- bert Noyes; The Twentieth Anniversary of Science Service; Ancient Concretions Found in New Jersey; Expansion and Diversification of Science .........282

PUBLISHED BY THE SCIENCE PRESS LANCASTER, PA.-GARIUSON, N. Y.

FOR THE

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C.

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NEW BOOKS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Physics. W. F. G. SWANN. Illustrated. xi+ 274

pp. $1.75. 1941. Wiley.

Physics is discussed In this text under the study of the motions of bodies and the main divisions of physics. The author stresses the ideas involved, rather than the facts, as the book is intended for those desiring a knowledge of physics as a cultural asset, a source of miental training or original achievement.

Introduction to Aviation. J. P. EAMES. IllUS-

trated. ix+196 pp. $3.50. 1941. Chemical.

The science of mechanical flight is written in this book for those never before introduced to the subject. It is designed primarily for student instruction in the flying and operating of airplanes. Chapters on posi- tions available, air traffic laws, aerial navigation, and aeronautical meteorology are included.

Plant Growth Substances. H. NICOL. 2nd edition. xii + 148 pp. $2.00. 1941. Chemical.

This book is about drugs that produce, control or regulate growth in plants, with special reference to synthetics. It is written mainly for horticulturists and cheiimists, but also for laymen gardeners, nursery- ineni, botanists and students of agriculture. Two in- troductory chapters explain the technicalities.

Anoxia; Its Effect on the Body. E. J. VAN LIERE.

xiii + 269 pp. $3.00. February, 1942. Chicago.

The author has taken up in detail the effect of anoxia on all physiological processes and has attemp- ted to assenmble the important facts which are known concernilng the effect of oxygen want on the human body. The book is intended for laymen as well as for physiologists, psychologists, biological chemists and doctors.

Contributions to Embryology. C. G. HARTMAN and others. Illustrated. 307 pp. $5.50. Octo- ber, 1941. Carnegie.

The contributions of fourteen scientists make up the eight divisions of this book. The embryology of vari- ous stages of embryos, and parts of embryos, of the monkey, orang-utan and man is discussed. Illustrative plates accompany the text.

The March of Medicine. A. GREGG and others. Illustrated. xiv + 154 pp. $2.00. 1941. Co- lumbia.

These 1941 "New York Academy of Medicine. Lec- tures to the Laity" include the subjects of humanism and science, IParacelsus, psychiatry, philosophy as therapy, endocrinology and cancer. Their authors are, respectively, Gregg, Sigerist, Healy, Edman, Riddle and Wood.

The Microbe's Challenge. F. EBERSON. I11US- trated. viii + 354 pp. $3.50. 1941. Jaques Cattell.

For scientist, physician, student or layman this book presents the highlights in the history of preventive medicine. It brings together the principles upon which the modern bacteriological control of infectious diseases is based.

Modern Americans in Science and Invention. E. YOST. Illustrated. xiii + 270 pp. $2.00. 1941. Stokes. The contents of this book consist of the brief bio-

graphies of seventeen men who have made importanit contributions to scienlce and invenition in America in recenit years. Eight of the meln are still living; the remaiining nine lived until the late 19th or early 20th century.

Amos Eaton. E. M. McALLISTER. Illustrated. xiii+ 587 pp. $5.00. 1941. Pennsylvania.

This biography of Amos Eaton, scientist and edu- cator, is divided into four parts: The Family Circle, Early Business Trials, Scientific Contributions and The Rensselaer Period. The main sources drawn upon are 500 of his letters, which cover all periods of his life and from which frequent quotations are made.

The Men Who Make the Future. B. BLIVEN. xiii+ 325 pp. $3.00. February, 1942. Duell, Sloan, and Pearce. MIr. Bliven traveled through the United States vis-

iting laboratories, interviewing scientists-chemists, physicists, physiologists, botanists, engineers, physi- cians. ieI wrote this boolk as a general survey of the work being done in America today in the field of science.

Trees of the Eastern United States and Canada. W. M. HARLOW. Illustrated. xii + 288 pp. $2.75. January, 1942. Whittlesey House.

The identifying features of trees and their woodcraft uses are described in non-technical language in this handbook. Each important tree is discussed under: appearance, leaves, flowers, fruit, twigs, bark, habitat, distribution and remarks.

The Social Organization of the Western Apache. G. GOODWIN. Illustrated. xx + 701 pp. $4.50. January, 1942. Chicago.

This book gives descriptions and comparisons of the social organization of the various divisions and bands of the Western Apache which resided in the mountains of eastern Arizona. The author analyzes the family, marriage, kinship, clan, and local groupings.

Deep South. A. DAVIS, B. B. GARDNER and M. R. GARDNER. xv + 558 pp. $4.50. 1941. Chicago.

A social anthropological study of caste and class, this book deals with the whites and negroes in a south- ern city. The research was done jointly by two whites and two negroes. It reveals the behavior patterns, sentiiments and strivings of the people. Quotations and initerview material are used for illustrationi.

Western Civilizations. E. M. BURNS. Illustrated. xx+926 pp. $6.00. 1941. Norton.

The purpose of this work on the history and culture of western civilizations is to presenit a survey of nman's struggles, achievements alnd failures from the earliest beginnings to the present time. It stresses intellec- tual, social, economic and artistic developments, rather than political and factual material.

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THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY i

"TO PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE, TO PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE"

Reykjavik off the port bow!

T ONIGHT, somewhere at sea, a man stands on the bridge of a freighter with the life line of a nation

in his hands.

He is straining his eyes for sight of one of those islands which are our country's first line of defense. To these islands must be transported huge quantities of munitions and food. And the only answer is ships, ships, and more ships.

How is America meeting this tremendous respon- sibility? You'll get a fair idea at such great factories as the Westinghouse plant where the machinery to drive many of those supply ships is being built, or at the huge Westinghouse-operated Maritime Commission plant which is now being erected alongside it.

The "know how" that works 24 hours a day There, in these factories, is a dramatic example of how Westinghouse "know how" is doing a job for National Defense.

What is this "know how"? It is the ability to get things done in the best possible way-learned in building products for the general welfare and now used in building materials for the common defense.

The same skill and ingenuity that are building

those turbines for the merchant fleet, not long ago built more efficient electric refrigerators and wash- ing machines.

At 17 Westinghouse Divisions, and in the plants of more than 300 sub-contractors, our energies are almost exclusively concentrated on the creation of $400,000,000 worth of defense materials. It's our way of speeding the day when our "know how" will be serving you again-in the home, the farm, and the factory.

Westinghouse For the Common Defense

Armor-piercing shot Navy ship turbines and gears Bomb fuses Lighting equipment Seadrome lighting Naval Ordnance

equipment for planes Airplane generators

For the General Welfare Street Lighting Electric Irons Generators Motors and Controls Electric Refrigerators Stokers

These lists mention ontly some of the many thousands of Westinghouse products.

Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Copr. 1942, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co.

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ii THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

Vol. LIV, No. 3 MARCH, 1942 Whole No. 318

THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY An Illustrated Magazine Devoted to the Diffusion of Science

Edited by J. McKEEN CATTELL, F. R. MOULTON and WARE CATTELL

PUBLISHED FOR THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington, D. C.

BY THE SCIENCE PRESS

LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA-GARRISON, NEW YORK

Single Number, 50 cents Yearly Subscription, $5.00 COPYRIGHT 1942 BY THE SCIENCE PRESS

Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., U. S. A., July 18, 1923, under the Act of March 3, 1879

RECENT BOOKS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST The Second Yearbook of Research and Statistical Methodology. 0. K. BUROS, editor. xx + 383 pp. $5.00. Gryphon Press, Highland Park, N. J.

This book consists of 1,652 review excerpts of books on statistical theory in all fields, taken from 283 jour- nlals. Its purpose is to acquaint students and teachers with revolutionary changes in statistical analysis in the last twenty years.

Introduction to Meteorology. S. PETTERSSEN. Il-

lustrated. ix + 236 pp. $2.50. 1941. McGraw- Hill.

This book aims to present students without previous acquaintance with the subject the basic principles of modern meteorology. It is written more for the pur- pose of creating interest aind background than as a technical and detailed discussion.

Man and the Vertebrates. A. S. iROMEn. 3rd ed. Illustrated. viii + 405 pp. $4.75. November, 1941. Chicago.

Four hundred million years of gradual evolution fiom the origins of life in marine water down to man and the physiology of the human body are compassed in this study. It intends to present vertebrates and human evolution as one field.

William Henry Welch and the Heroic Age of American Medicine. S. and J. T. FLEXNER. Illus-

trated. x + 539 pp. $3.75. 1941. Viking.

This biography of the "Dean of American Medicine" is based upon the authors' personal knowledge, letters, diaries, speeches and notes of Dr. Welch. Though written as a biography for the general reader, it is, in a sense, the history of medicine in Welch's day.

Glass: The Miracle Maker. C. J. PHILLIPS. Il- lustrated. xii+424 pp. $4.50. 1941. Pitman.

The story of the history, manufacture, physical and chemical properties of glass and its applications are her e collected from scattered sources. It is intended for the architect, engineer, industrial designer and layman who are interested in glass and its future possibilities in industry.

The Furtherance of Medical Research. A. GREGG. ix + 129 pp. $2.00. September, 1941. Yale.

Presented in this book is a description of medical research, what universities and foundations have done and should do about it and the kind of men who con- duct medical research. The author, Director of -Medi- cal Sciences of the Rockefeller Foundation, hopes to make clear the character and nature of medical science.

About Ourselves. J. G. NEEDHAM. Illustrated. xi+ 276 pp. $3.00. 1941. Jaques Cattell.

In this study of human nature from the zoological standpoint the author wants to show the meaning of our zoological heritage and offers a new classification of the components of social behavior and instincts. In non-technical language, the reader is told how to under- stand man, individually and collectively.

Between the Planets. F. G. WATSON. Illustrated.

v+222 p. $2.50. September, 1941. Blakiston.

Written for laymen, beginning students and amateur astronomers, this book has chapters on: Surveying the Solar System, Little Planets, Whirling Fragments, Comets in Motion, Anatomy of a Comet, Shooting Stars, Meteor Shoxvers, A Meteorite Falls, Meteorites in the Laboratory and Betwixt and Between.

Books previously announced will be given space six times on this page for $12.00

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l'HE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY ill

Complete Equipment F OR

Explorers, Scientists,

engineers, uniaters and Travelers

We Have Equipped Many Expeditions from the Poles to thie Equator

Some of these exploring parties we equipped with practically everything. they needed from engineering instruments to rifles, ammunition and food. Our tents, made of Equatorial Water- proof Cloth, have stood the sun of the tropics and the freezing blasts of the Polar regions.

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IPaulin accurate Altimeters and Barometers Genuine Ainsworth Brunton Compasses

and Optical Instruments

Binoculars and Rifle Telescopes and Optical Instruments By iIensoldt, Zeiss, Bausch & Lomb and Wollensak

Camp Equipment-Fiala Tropical Tents Fiala Patented Sleeping Bags

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F'irearms-Ammunitions-Special Food Cases Have your Holsters, Belts, and Cases made in

our leather shops EASTERN REPRESENTATIVE:

The Pauilin Altimeter the most accurate aneroid used for leveling by engineers and geologists.

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IV THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

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pooe that juotifies any sacrifice you Is ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~or we may be called upon to make.

Half a Glass Bead Says. "She'll Live"~ HOUR by hour her temperature has risen while

the doctor pits his skill and knowledge against the merciless infection. But now the blood count indicates that the infection has been checked. The crisis is past.

Such drama is a 1942 commonplace. Through the magic eye of the microscope, medical science has learned more of the nature of disease and its cure. Through "half a glass bead"-a tiny hemi- sphere of optical precision-science looks beyond superstition and ignorance, to see life processes at work.

With Bausch & Lomb's pioneer application of production methods, the microscope-a nineteenth century rarity-has become the twentieth century

working tool of medicine-of all. science. And, paralleling its contributions to microscopy, Bausch & Lomb has served in many other branches of optical science. Today metallographs, photographic lenses, spectrographs, eye examining instruments, eyewear, binoculars, projection equipment, indus- trial research and inspection instruments-and scores of others-are available to science, education and industry.

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