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Front Matter Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 66, No. 1 (May 15, 1970), pp. i-viii Published by: National Academy of Sciences Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/60174 . Accessed: 05/05/2014 20:01 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . National Academy of Sciences is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 62.122.78.56 on Mon, 5 May 2014 20:01:32 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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Page 1: Front Matter

Front MatterSource: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,Vol. 66, No. 1 (May 15, 1970), pp. i-viiiPublished by: National Academy of SciencesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/60174 .

Accessed: 05/05/2014 20:01

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

National Academy of Sciences is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access toProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

http://www.jstor.org

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Page 2: Front Matter

CONTENTS xi

MURINE SARCOMA VIRUS TRANSFORMATION OF BALB/3T3 CELLS: LACK OF DEPEN-

DENCE ON MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS.

.By Stuart A. Aaronson, John L. Jainchill, and George J. Todaro 1236 INTERFERON AND CELL DIVISION, I. INHIBITION OF THE MULTIPLICATION OF MOUSE

LEUKEMIA L 1210 CELLS In Vitro BY INTERFERON PREPARATIONS . . . By Ion Gresser, Danie'le Brouty-Boy6, Marie-Ther?se Thomas, and Alvaro Macieira-Coelho 1052

PATHOLOGY

CONGO RED DICHROISM WITH DISPERSED AMYLOID FIBRILS, AN EXTRINSIC COTTON EFFECT. By E. P. Benditt, N. Eriksen, and C. Berglund 1044

PHYSIOLOGY

ADRENALECTOMY AND SUPPRESSION OF MEMORY BY PUROMYCIN

.By Josefa B. Flexner and Louis B. Flexner 48 AN ELECTROMAGNETIC CATHETER BLOOD FLOW METER OF MINIMAL LATERAL DIMEN-

SIONS .By Alexander Kolin 53 CONDITIONS DETERMINING INITIATION OF DNA SYNTHESIS

.By Renato Dulbecco and M. G. P. Stoker 218 BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION OF RATS DURING INTRAVENTRICULAR INFUSION OF NOREPI-

NEPHRINE. By David S. Segal and Arnold J. Mandell 289 NEUROGENESIS AND MORPHOGENESIS IN THE CEREBELLAR CORTEX

. ... ... . . . ... . . .. . . By J. C. Eccles 294 INFLUX OF CALCIUM INTO RABBIT MYOCARDIUM IN RELATION TO ITS IONIC ENVIRON-

MENT. BY Y. C. P. Lee and Maurice P. Visscher 603 EARLY RECOVERY OF ANTIDROMIC CONDUCTION THROUGH DENDRITES OF SPINAL MOTO-

NEURONS IN THE NORMAL, ANOXIC, AND POSTANOXIC STATES.

.By David P. C. Lloyd 622 EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL AND MONOSYNAPTIC REFLEX DISCHARGE OF

SPINAL MOTONEURONS DURING ANOXIC INSULT. . . . By David P. C. Lloyd 626 EFFECT OF SODIUM IONS ON CALCIUM MOVEMENTS IN ISOLATED SYNAPTIC TERMINALS .

.By M. P. Blaustein anM W. P. Weismann 664 PATTERNED NEURAL ACTIVITY OF A MUTANT Drosophila malanogaster.

.By Kdzuo Ikeda and William D. Kaplan 765 PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF THE OUABAIN-BINDING COMPONENT AND OF THE NA,K-

ATPASE FROM HUMAN RED CELL PLASMA MEMBRANES

.By Philip B. Dunham and Joseph F. Hoffman 936 IMPEDANCE CHANGES ACROSS THE FOOTPAD OF THE CAT IN RELATION TO ACTION AND

SECRETION IN SWEAT GLANDS. By David P. C. Lloyd 1150 THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF FORCE GENERATION IN STRIATED MUSCLE .

. By Leepo C. Yu, Robert M. Dowben, and Karl Kornacker 1199

PSYCHOLOGY

SOME EVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF ADRENERGIC SITES IN THE MEMORY TRACE . By Richard B. Roberts, Josefa B. Flexner, and Louis B. Flexner 310

EFFECTS OF COMBINED FRONTAL AND TEMPORAL LESIONS ON LEARNED BEHAVIORS IN RHESUS MONKEYS.

By H. F. Harlow, K. A. Schiltz, A. J. Blomquist, and C. I. Thompson 577

ZOOLOGY

AXONAL GROWTH FROM INSECT NEURONS IN GLIA-FREE CULTURES

.By J. S. Chen and R. Levi-Montalcini 32 UNIT ACTIVITY IN THE ISOLATED SPINAL CORD OF CHICK EMBRYO, in Situ .

. By S. C. Sharma, R. R. Provine, V. Hamburger, and T. T. Sandel 40

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Page 3: Front Matter

xii CONTENTS

EFFECTS OF CYTOCHALASIN B UPON MICROFILAMENTS INVOLVED IN MORPHOGENESIS OF SAIJIVARY EPITHELIUM . . By Brian S. Spooner and Norman K. Wessells 360

INFLUENCE OF SPERMINE AND REDUCED TEMPERATURE ON THE ABILITY OF TRANS- PLANTED NUCLEI TO PROMOTE NORMAL DEVELOPMENT IN EGGS OF Rana pipiens

By Sally Hennen 630 CIRCADIAN SYSTEMS, VI. THE PHOTOPERIODIC TIME MEASUREMENT IN Pectinophora

gossypiella By Colin S. Pittendrigh, John H. Eichhorn, Dorothea H. Minis, and Victor G. Bruce 758

CYTOCHALASIN B: EFFECTS UPON MICROFILAMENTS INVOLVED IN MORPHOGENESIS OF ESTROGEN-INDUCED GLANDS OF OVIDUCT

.By Joan T. Wrenn and Norman K. Wessells 904 THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF AIUTOMIMICRY, I. SINGLE TRIAL LEARNING .

By Lincoln P. Brower, F. Harvey Pough, and H. R. Meck 1059 A FURTHER ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF FOUNDER EFFECTS IN THE OUTCOME OF Tri-

bolium COMPETITION EXPERIMENTS. By Peter S. Dawson 1112 AXON GROWTH: ROLES OF MICROFILAMENTS AND MICROTUBULES.

By Kenneth M. Yamada, Brian S. Spooner, and Norman K. Wessells 1206

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Page 4: Front Matter

Proceedings of the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Volume 66 * Number 1 * May 15, 1970

Information to Contributors

The PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES publishes brief first announcements of the results of original research by members of the Academy or others. Articles should be as brief as adequate presentation allows, but au- thors should be precise in making clear their new results. The viewpoint should be comprehensive in giving the relation of the paper to previous publications of the author or of others and in exhibiting, where practicable, the significance of the work for other branches of science. Since the PROCEEDINGS is not a specialized journal, but publishes papers in all the branches of science represented in the Academy, it is desirable, whenever possible, for articles to be written so as to be intelligible to a wide scientific audience.

Submission of an article to the PROCEEDINGS implies that, in the judgment of the Academy member who communicates the article, it contains findings of more than ordinary importance to investigators working on related problems, or of particularly broad interest to wider groups of scientists. Many valuable papers of more limited interest are appropriate to specialized journals in particular fields of science, rather than to the PROCEEDINGS. Moreover, many important studies cannot be adequately presented within the eight-page limit of papers published in the PROCEEDINGS. Authors should consider these points carefully before deciding to communicate a paper to the PROCEEDINGS or requesting an Academy member to communicate it.

Wherever practicable, results should be made clear without elaborate technical details; figures, tables, and formulae should be kept as simple as possible. The author should nevertheless endeavor to provide adequate information to permit other competent investigators to repeat the work reported. All essential in- formation should be contained in the paper itself, or in references to other papers published or in press. For papers "in press," authors should specify the journal or other publication in which the paper will appear. Sometimes preliminary findings of major importance are published in the PROCEEDINGS without full documentation; in such cases the author must clearly indicate that the paper is a preliminary one, and that a detailed report will be published elsewhere.

Each paper must begin with an abstract. This should begin by stating the subject and the main conclusions of the article in general terms, in the endeavor to be understandable to scientists at large. Further basic technical conclusions may then be formulated, in a style appropriate to subsequent and separate use as abstracts in the special scientific field of the article. This abstract should run to

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Page 5: Front Matter

ii INFORMATION TO CONTRIBUTORS PROC. N. A. S.

one or two paragraphs, and it should be intelligible in itself for a reader who has not read the rest of the text.

Manuscripts will be accepted only from members of the Academy who will assume responsibility for their propriety and scientific standards. In com- municating an article on behalf of a nonmember, an Academy member should explicitly recommend the article as appropriate for publication in the PROCEED- INGS, stating whether his sponsorship is based on his own study of the article or on a review by some scientist well versed in the field. Otherwise the article by a nonmember should not be communicated.

MIembers communicating papers also assume full editorial responsibility. Editorial work of the staff is limited essentially to maintaining the journal's style and production schedule.

An Academy member contributing or communicating a paper to the PRO- CEEDINGS is expected to indicate in his letter of transmittal the scientific classifica- tion under which the paper should be published. The classification may be any one of the sciences named in the titles of the sections of the Academy, or Immunology, Pathology, or Statistics. Communicated articles are limited to eight printed pages, and no author may have more than eight pages altogether in any one issue. Although papers upon receipt are generally processed promptly for publication, the Editorial Board reserves the right to examine particular manuscripts and subject them to careful review when this seems desirable. Invited papers Upon invitation from the Editorial Board, some papers pre- sented at Academy symposia or special Academy lectures are printed in the PROCEEDINGS. Occasional papers on subjects of general interest to scientists are also published in the PROCEEDINGS from time to time. Ordinarily such papers are limited to ten printed pages, but with the approval of the Editorial Board they may be somewhat longer. Use of abbreviations Certain standard abbreviations, particularly in bio- chemical papers, may be used without definition. These are given in accom- panying tables. Nonstandard abbreviations should be kept to a minimum, and authors should use them only for long and cumbrous words that must be repeated in numerous places throughout the article. Page charges are assessed for all communicated papers. A member of the Academy who communicates an article on behalf of a nonmember author is responsible for the costs of publishing the paper; if a nonmember author is to be billed for the page charges, the member communicating the paper should make sure that there is a clear understanding to this effect with the author before the paper is communicated. Members may not use the annual publishing allow- ances extended them by the Academy for the payment of the costs of publishing papers by other authors. The standard charge is now $55 per printed page; in addition, authors are billed for the costs of extensive changes made in proof, and for other items of special cost. Estimate of length of articles Eight printed pages in the- PROCEEDINGS will accommodate approximately 5000 words. Authors may allow the equivalent of 200 words for the space required for a title heading of average length, making

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Page 6: Front Matter

VoL. 66, 1970 INFORMATION TO CONTRIBUTORS W

appropriate allowance for an unusually long title or for a list of several joint authors with different affiliations.

Each line in a table may be counted as the equivalent of 12 words. Tables in the PROCEEDINGS are set unruled; if a line of space is desired in lieu of a rule, authors should indicate this on the manuscript and include this line in their word count, together with the lines of space that are necessary above and below table, between the title and the body of a table, and between the body and list of footnotes to the table if any. Each of these spaces is best counted as the equiv- alent of 12 words. Each typewritten line in footnotes to tables may be counted as the equivalent of 9 words. Each typewritten line in figure captions and in the list of footnotes and references at the end of a paper may be counted as 12 words.

Authors of papers containing illustrations should carefully estimate the space required for these and, if the article might be overlong, should either eliminate some of them from the manuscript or shorten the text so that the total length will not be likely to exceed eight printed pages.

Mathematical formulas often take comparatively more space when set in type than in manuscript copy. A one-line, displayed expression should be counted as the equivalent of 36 words; appropriate allowance should be made for built-up fractions in displayed equations as well as in text. A line of type containing a

built-up fraction (b) requires an additional line of space; use of the solidus fraction (a/b) is recommended.

Articles whose length proves to be borderline upon their first check in the PROCEEDINGS office must be rechecked before they can either be transmitted to the printer for typesetting or returned to authors for emendation; if the latter is necessary, the process of publication then becomes further delayed. There- fore it is to an author's advantage to make sure that his article is definitely shorter than eight printed pages before the manuscript is communiicated to the PROCEEDINGS.

Authors who wish to make a closer estimate of the length of articles than is provided by a gross word count may do so by means of a character count. Our printer estimates that a printed page in the PROCEEDINGS will accommodate the following: 3400 characters and word spaces of 10-point type (used for the main body of the text); or 4300 characters and word spaces of 9-point type (used for Materials and Methods); or 5300 characters and word spaces of 8-point type (legends to figures); or 6300 characters and word spaces of 7-point type (footnotes to tables). To estimate tabular material, count each line in the title, column heads, and body of a table as 200 characters of 8-point type; in addition, allow 200 characters for each line of space that is necessary above, below, and within the table. Illustrations The limitation of eight printed pages for communcated papers may require some curtailment of illustrative material. Line drawings should usually be prepared for reduction to page width (12 cm) or half-page width. Thin-stroke lettering should be used in sizes such that after reduction the smallest letter or numeral within a line drawing will not be less than 2 mm in height. Figures having two or more parts should be prepared with full visualization of

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Page 7: Front Matter

iv INFORMATION TO CONTRIBUTORS PROC. N. A. S.

how the parts will look relative to each other and how they are to be grouped on a page in the PROCEEDINGS, which has a type page of dimensions 45/6 inches by 72/3 inches. Wherever practicable the several parts of a figure should be of the same over-all dimensions and the sizes of lattering used should be uniform. Each figure must be cited in the text.

If the correct orientation of an electron micrograph is not apparent on the face of it, an author should indicate its orientation by labeling the back of the photograph with an arrow and the word "top."

Figure legends should be as concise as practicable. Experimental details should usually be set forth in a section of Materials and Methods rather than in the legends to figures.

If an illustration from a previously published article or book is to be used in the PROCEEDINGS, the written permission of the author and publisher must accom- pany the illustration and appropriate acknowledgment of the source of material should be made in the caption to the illustration. Tables Please type tables (also with double spacing) on separate pages, number them with arabic numerals, and provide them with titles. Occasionally a short table (fewer than 6 lines of data) may, if desired, be run without a number or title.

A list of footnotes to a table should be typed double-spaced on a separate page. In general it is preferable for a lengthy list of footnotes to be keyed with lower-case superscript letters, but it may be keyed to superscript numbers if this system would not be confusing. For a short list of footnotes, a symbolic system is often preferable, and may be used in the following sequence: (*) asterisk, (t) dagger, (t) double dagger, and (?) section mark. (The symbols need not be in parentheses.) If more symbols are needed, these may then be doubled.

Arrange tabular material simply and concisely. In general, the same data should not be presented in both tabular and graphic form. Footnotes and references Number footnotes to the text and references to the literature consecutively in the manuscript and group them into a single num- bered list to appear at the end of the paper. Use symbols, not numbers, only for any footnotes to items in the title heading of the paper. The list of these should precede the numbered list of footnotes and references.

References to the literature must be complete. Titles of journals should be abbreviated in conformity with ACCESS, 1969 (formerly, Chemical Abstracts List of Periodicals), except that this journal should be cited as "these PRO- CEEDINGS." Titles of books (including annual volumes of symposium proceed- ings) should not be abbreviated. For citations of books the following sequence should be maintained: author(s), in complete title of book, names of editors (if applicable), place of publication, name of publisher, year of publication, page numbers if necessary.

All lists of footnotes and references should be typed double-spaced. Special characters Mathematical symbols and Greek, GCerman, Hebrew, and script letters should be clearly identified in manuscripts before they are com- municated to the PROCEEDINGS. This may be done in the margin, or in the space above a special character, at the point of its first occurrence. In hand-

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Page 8: Front Matter

VOL. 66, 1970 INFORMATION TO CONTRIBUTORS v

written expressions it is especially important for authors to indicate whether a letter is a lower-case p or rho, k or kappa, x or chi, and the like; as one means of identification for the compositor, authors may underlike Greek letters in red and German letters in blue. Indicate the use of boldface by a wavy underline. Work by the compositor is also facilitated when authors include a list of the special characters used in their papers, in addition to identifying them mar- ginally. Authors who plan to write mathematical expressions by hand in the text should usually have their typist prepare the manuscript with triple spacing.

Notes to typists Please number manuscript pages consecutively throughout, with the title page as page 1 and the list of figure captions (if any) at the end. Type all material with at least double spacing; please avoid the typewriter setting that allows only a half space between lines. It is not necessary for each section of the text to begin on a new page; you may therefore type the text consecutively beginning with the Abstract. A list of footnotes and references is to be typed on a separate page, as are tables and also their footnotes. Do not hyphenate words at the ends of lines; such hyphenation may be avoided by letting lines be a bit short or long. Allow good margins all round; a right-hand margin of l'/4 inches is good and will facilitate your avoidance of hyphenated words at the ends of lines. The original and a duplicate copy are to be sub- mitted to the PROCEEDINGS; the author should retain at least one copy.

Manuscripts are to be submitted in duplicate to the PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA- TIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D. C. 20418. Those that are in good form and which reach the PROCEEDINGS office before the first of any month can usually be scheduled for the issue of the second succeeding month. If articles are to be published on schedule they must be in final form and short enough to fit onto eight pages. Each manuscript should carry an indication of the scientific classification under which the article to be run as well as the complete mailing address of the author who is to receive the proof.

Galley proofs will be sent to authors; corrections in galley proof should be kept to a minimum. Extensive alterations in proof usually delay publication by one month; articles having extensive changes in proof are not routinely paged up for press until the printer has corrected them in galley and the author has proofread the revised version. If a correction is complicated or if there is danger of misunderstanding, an author should send a covering letter with his proof. Last-minute deletions or insertion of new material, and last-minute changes in engravings, are so costly and time-consuming that authors are well advised to regard them as out of the question.

Because of the time limitations, page proofs will not be sent. Reprints may be ordered at galley proof stage. Original artwork or figures will be re- turned if requested when the manuscript is submitted.

Some Standard Biochemical Abbreviations for Use in the Proceedings

Since many biochemical papers, with numerous special abbreviations, appear in the PROCEEDINGS, it is desirable to tabulate some of those most frequently used; authors may then use them without needing to define them in each paper.

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Page 9: Front Matter

vi INFORMATION TO CONTRIBUTORS PROC. N. A. S.

If other abbreviations are needed, authors should define them in a footnote at the point where the first such abbreviation appears in the paper. Authors should be very sparing in the use of such nonstandard abbreviations, introducing them only to replace long and cumbrous words that must be repeated many times throughout the paper. Usually, by a proper choice of style, it is possible to eliminate such abbreviations entirely.

The standard abbreviations in the following list are taken from "Abbreviations and Symbols for Chemical Names of Special Interest in Biological Chemistry" of the IUPAC-IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, 241, 527 (1966), and in Bio- chemistry, 5, 1445 (1966). Other reports of this Commission provide detailed recommendations concerning nomenclature of various classes of biochemical compounds. See J. Biol. Chem., 241, 2491, 2987 (1966); 242, 555, 4845 (1967), or Biochemistry, 5, 2485 (1966); 6, 362, 3287 (1967); 7, 483 (1968). A conve- nient collection of these and other rules of abbreviations and nomenclature is in Handbook of Biochemistry: Selected Data for Molecular Biology, ed. H. A. Sober (Cleveland, Ohio: Chemical Rubber Company, 1968), page A-1 to A-72 inclusive; a second edition of this handbook is due to appear in 1970.

TABLE 1. Symbols for monomeric units in macromolecules (or in phosphorylated compounds). Monomeric unit in Monomeric unit in

Symbol* macromolecule Symbol* macromolecule A, Ado adenosine Hyl hydroxylsine Ala alanine Hyp hydroxyproline Arg arginine I, Ino inosine Asp aspartic acid Ile isoleucine Asn asparagine Leu leucine C, Cyd cytidine Lys lysine Cyst cystine (half) Man mannose Cys cysteine Met methionine? de, d (indicates "deoxy" in carbohy- Nir ribosylnicotinamide

drates and nucleotides) Orn ornithine (suffix) furanose P, p phosphate

Fru fructose p (suffix) pyranose Gal galactose Phe phenylalanine G, Glct glucose Pro proline G, Guo$ guanosine Rib ribose GicA gluconic acid Ser serine GlcN glucosamine Thr threonine GlcNAc N-acetylglucosamine Trp tryptophan GIcUA glucuronic acid T, Thd ribosylthymine Glu glutamic acid Tyr tyrosine Gln glutamine U, Urd uridine Gly glycine Val valine His histidine Xao xanthosine

* The first letter of three-letter symbols is always capitalized. t With vertical bond above or below leading to the other Cys. t The one-letter symbol G must not be used if confusion between its two meanings can

arise. ? fMet, formylmethionine,

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Page 10: Front Matter

VOL. 66, 1970 INFORMATION TO CONTRIBUTORS vii

TABLE 2. Abbreuiations for semisystemati or trivial names. ACTH adrenocorticotropin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or cortico-

tropin ADP adenosine 5'-diphosphate (pyro) AMP adenosine 5'-phosphate ATP adenosine 5'-triphosphate (pyro) CDP cytidine 5'-diphosphate (pyro) CM-cellulose O-(carboxymethyl)cellulose CMP cytidine 5'-phosphate CoA (or CoASH) coenzyme A CoASAc acetyl coenzyme A CTP cytidine 5'-triphosphate (pyro) DEAE-cellulose O-(diethylaminoethyl)cellulose DFP di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate DNA deoxyribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleate DNP- 2,4-dinitrophenyl- DPN diphosphopyridine nucleotide DPT diphosphothiamine (thiamine pyrophosphate, cocarboxylase) EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetate FAD flavin-adenine dinucleotide FDNB 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene FMN riboflavin 5'-phosphate GDP guanosine 5'-diphosphate (pyro) GMP guanosine 5'-phosphate GSH glutathione GSSG oxidized glutathione GTP guanosine 5'-triphosphate (pyro) Hb, HbCO, HbO2 hemoglobin, carbon monoxide hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin IDP inosine 5'-diphosphate (pyro) IMP inosine 5'-phosphate ITP inosine 5'-triphosphate (pyro) Mb, MbCO, MbO2 myoglobin, carbon monoxide myoglobin, oxymyoglobin MetHb, MetMb methemoglobin, metmyoglobin MSH melanocyte-stimulating hormone NAD nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (cozymase, Coenzyme I, di-

phosphopyridine nucleotide) NADP nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (Coenzyme II, tri-

phosphopyridine nucleotide) NMN nicotinamide mononucleotide Pi inorganic orthophosphate PPi inorganic pyrophosphate RNA ribonucleic acid or ribonucleate TEAE-cellulose O-(triethylaminoethyl)cellulose TPN triphosphopyridine nucleotide Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-

propane-1,3-diol) UDP uridine diphosphate (pyro) UDPG uridine diphosphate glucose UMP uridine monophosphate UTP uridine triphosphate (pyro)

Notation of Isotopes. In accordance with IUPAC rules the mass number of an atom should be written as a superior prefix: 14C, not C14; 'IS, not S3. In designating iso- topically lab)eled compounds, write the mass number as a superior prefix to the atomic symbol, not to an abbreviation. The symbol for the isotope and, if necessary, a prefix

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viii INFORMATION TO CONTRIBUTORS PROC. N. A. S.

denoting the number and position of the isotopically substituted atoms should appear in square brackets placed immediately before the name of the compound: e.g., [82P]CMP [not CM32P]; [14C]urea; [a-'4C]leucine; [carboxy-14C)leucine; [a#34C2]maleic anhydride; i-[methyl-14C]methionine. The symbol U denotes uniform labeling, e.g., [U-14C ]glucose.

Polypeptide Abbreviations. For peptides of known sequence, separate the symbols for amino acid residues by short dashes; e.g., glycyltyrosylalanylleucine would be represented by Gly-Tyr-Ala-Leu. Groups of residues of unknown sequence should be enclosed in parentheses and separated by commas. Use these symbols only for amino acid residues in peptide linkage, or in tables of amino acid composition. Names of the free amino acids, when mentioned in the text, should be written out in full.

Polynucleotide Abbreviations. In polynucleotides of specific structure, the letter p to the left of the nucleoside symbol denotes a 5'-phosphate; to the right of it, a 3'-phos- phate, thus: pApG denotes 5'-O-phosphoryladenylyl-(3',5')-guanosine; ApG-cyclic-p denotes adenylyl-(3',5')-guanosine 2',3'-phosphate.

For polydeoxyribonucleotides, the prefix d denotes deoxy: thus d-pApEpT denotes 5'-O-phosphoryldeoxyadenylyl-(3',5')-deoxyguanylyl-(3',5')-thymidine.

For large oligonucleotides or polynucleotides, the redundant "p" between residues may be replaced by a hyphen (for known sequence) or a comma within parentheses (for un- known sequences) as with amino acid residues in polypeptides. Thus GpApUp(Cp- CpUp)Gp-a 3',5'-heptanucleotide ending with a 3' phosphate-becomes G-A-U(C,- C,U)Gp or G-A-U(C2U)Gp. Linkages other than 3'-5' or sugars other than ribose or deoxyribose must be denoted by special ad hoc symbols. The prefixes d (meaning deoxy- ribo-) and r (meaning ribo-) may precede whole chains, groups within chains, or individual nucleoside residues, as appropriate.

In writing nucleotide triplet codons, the capital letters denoting the three nucleotides in a codon may be written without hyphens or the symbol "p," e.g., CAG, UUC.

NAD and DPN are two abbreviations for the same substance; the same is true for NADP and TPN. The former is recommended by the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. It is permissible to use either NAD and NADP, or DPN and TPN, but be consistent in using one system or the other in any one article.

It is sometimes convenient to designate fractions or functions of RNA's by prefixes (e.g. mRNA for "messenger" RNA, tRNA for "transfer" RNA, rRNA for "ribosomal" RNA, nRNA for "nuclear" RNA). (sRNA has been abandoned and should not be used.)

Transfer RNA's that accept specific amino acids may be designated as, for example, tRNAMa for the tRNA that accepts alanine (i.e. "alanine tRNA"); in the case of more than one such species, they may be distinguished by subscripts, as tRNA'a, tRNA"a, etc. When such a tRNA species is bound to an amino acid, it may be designated as, for exam- ple, alanyl-tRNAAla. Specification of its source should be in parentheses before or after, as for example, alanyl-tRNAA,a (E. coli) or (E. coli) alanyl-tRNA"'. fMet is the sym- bol for formylmethionyl (not F-Met).

Reprints of this information will be supplied upon request made to the PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20418.

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