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VOLUME 92 NUMBER 1 MARCH 2001

1

AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW DEVOTED TO THE

HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND ITS CULTURAL INFLUENCES

"DAVID AND GOLJATM

Published by The University of Chicago Press for The History of Science Society



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AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW DEVOTED TO THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND ITS CULTURAL INFLUENCES

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ISIS MARCH 2001 VOLUME 92 NUMBER 1

ARTICLES

SCOTT G. KNOWLES; STUART W. LESLIE: "Industrial Versailles": Eero Saarinen 's Corporate Campuses for GM, IBM, and AT&T 1

MICHAEL R. LYNN: Divining the Enlightenment: Public Opinion and Popular Sci- ence in Old Regime France 34

MARSHA L. RICHMOND: Women in the Early History of Genetics: William Bateson and the Newnham College Mendelians, 1900-1910 55

KATHRYN STEEN: Patents, Patriotism, and "Skilled in the Art": USA v. The Chemical Foundation, Inc., 1923-1926 91

NEWS OF THE PROFESSION

JED Z. BUCHWALD; I. BERNARD COHEN: Eloge: Clifford Truesdell, 1919-2000 123

BOOK REVIEWS

FEATURE Andreas Vesalius: On the Fabric of the Human Body, Bk 1: The Bones and Cartilages, and Bk

2: The Ligaments and Muscles, trans. by William Franck Richardson with John Burd Car- man, rev. by ANDREA CARLINO 126

GENERAL James E. McClellan; Harold Dorn: Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction,

rev. by JOHN W. SERVOS 127 Peter Coates: Nature: Western Attitudes since Ancient Times, rev. by MARK STOLL 128 Paul J. Nahin: An Imaginary Tale: The Story of the Square Root of Minus One, rev. by ERNEST

ZEBROWSKI, JR. 129 Ernest Zebrowski, Jr.: A History of the Circle: Mathematical Reasoning and the Physical

Universe, rev. by PAUL J. NAHIN 130 A. Zee: Fearful Symmetry: The Search for Beauty in Modern Physics, rev. by JAMES W. MCAL-

LISTER 130 Elizabeth Garber: The Language of Physics: The Calculus and the Development of Theoretical

Physics in Europe, 1750-1914, rev. by RUSSELL MCCORMMACH 131 Catherine Delano-Smith; Roger J.P. Kain: English Maps: A History, rev. by CHARLES W.J.

WITHERS 132 Henry Gee: In Search of Deep Time: Beyond the Fossil Record to a New History of Life, rev.

by JOSEPH SLOWINSKI 133 Nicholas G. McDonald: The Connecticut Valley in the Age of Dinosaurs: A Guide to the Geo-

logic Literature, 1681-1995, rev. by MARK A. S. MCMENAMIN 134 John W. O'Malley, S.J.; Gauvin Alexander Bailey; Steven J. Harris; T. Frank Kennedy,

S.J. (Editors): The Jesuits: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 1540-1773, rev. by RICHARD J. BLACKWELL 136

B. Innes Williams: The Matter of Motion and Galvani s Frogs, rev. by MARCO BRESADOLA 136 Mary Lindemann: Medicine and Society in Early Modern Europe, rev. by LYNDA STEPHENSON

PAYNE 138 Jose Maria L6pez Piniero; Felipe Jerez Moliner: La imagen cient(fica de la vida: La contri-

bucion Valenciana a la ilustracion medica y biologica (siglos XVI-XIX), rev. by JORGE CAN- IZARES-ESGUERRA 138

Roy Porter: The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity, rev. by RUSSELL C. MAULITZ 139

Jacalyn Duffin: History of Medicine: A Scandalously Short Introduction, rev. by HUGHES EVANS 140 John B. West: High Life: A History of High-Altitude Physiology and Medicine, rev. by MARCOS

CUETO 141



Narender K. Sehgal; Satpal Sangwan; Subodh Mahanti (Editors): Uncharted Terrains: Es- says on Science Popularisation in Pre-Independence India, rev. by SUBRATA DASGUPTA 142

Patrick D. Murphy: Farther Afield: In the Study of Nature-Oriented Literature, rev. by BAR- BARA T. GATES 142

Hal Hellman: Great Feuds in Science. Ten of the Liveliest Disputes Ever, rev. by JAMES A. MARCUM 143

Stephen E. Nash (Editor): It's about Time: A History of Archaeological Dating in North Amer- ica, rev. by ROBERT B. GORDON 144

Robert A. Crone: A History of Color: The Evolution of Theories of Lights and Color, rev. by ALAN E. SHAPIRO 145

Jack H. Stocker: Chemistry and Science Fiction, rev. by CYNDY HENDERSHOT 145 Lynn Hankinson Nelson; Jack Nelson (Editors): Feminism, Science, and the Philosophy of

Science, rev. by ANN HIBNER KOBLITZ 146 Norman Levitt: Prometheus Bedeviled: Science and the Contradictions of Contemporary Cul-

ture, rev. by DANIEL CORDLE 147

ANTIQUITY N. M. Swerdlow (Editor): Ancient Astronomy and Celestial Divination, rev. by ELEANOR ROB-

SON 148 Ptolemy: Ptolemy's Almagest, trans. by G. J. Toomer and David Pingree: Preceptum Canonis

Ptolomei, rev. by JAN VON PLATO 149 A. Mark Smith: Ptolemy and the Foundations of Ancient Mathematical Optics: A Source-Based

Guided Study, rev. by DARYN LEHOUX 150 Susan Milbrath: Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars, rev. by

HARVEY M. BRICKER 150 Marshall Clagett: Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book, Vol. 3: Ancient Egyptian Math-

ematics, rev. by JAMES P. ALLEN 151 James Longrigg: Greek Medicine: From the Heroic to the Hellenistic Age: A Source Book, rev.

by JOHN M. RIDDLE 152 Aristotle: Aristotle's Metaphysics, trans. by Joe Sachs, rev. by TODD STUART GANSON 153 Helen King: Hippocrates' Woman: Reading the Female Body in Ancient Greece, rev. by ELIZ-

ABETH CRAIK 154

MIDDLE AGES & RENAISSANCE Roshdi Rashed; Jean Jolivet: Oeuvres philosophiques et scientifiques d'al-Kindi, Vol. 2: Me-

taphysique et cosmologie, rev. by ALFRED L. IVRY 155 Paivi Pahta: Medieval Embryology in the Vernacular: The Case of De Spermate, rev. by WIL-

LIAM CROSSGROVE 156 Ronald C. Finucane: The Rescue of the Innocents: Endangered Children in Medieval Miracles,

rev. by ANGEL R. COL6N 156 Grimaldus: Le Liber accipitrum de Grimaldus: Un traite d'autourserie du haut Moyen Age, ed.

and trans. by An Smets, rev. by ROBIN S. OGGINS 157 Guillelmus de Conchis: Glosae super Boethium, ed. by L. Nauta, rev. by H. R. LEMAY 158 Michael Fuchs: Zeichen und Wissen: Das Verhdltnis der Zeichentheorie zur Theorie des Wissens

und der Wissenschafter im dreizehnten Jahrhundert, rev. by HELEN S. LANG 159 T. M. Rudavsky: Time Matters: Time, Creation, and Cosmology in Medieval Jewish Philosophy,

rev. by GAD FREUDENTHAL 160 Paul Uiblein: Die Universitdt Wien im Mittelalter: Beitrdge und Forschungen, ed. by Kurt

Muhlberger and Karl Kadletz, rev. by MICHAEL H. SHANK 161 Silvio A. Bedini: The Pope's Elephant: An Elephant's Journey from Deep in India to the Heart

of Rome, rev. by HARRIET RITVO 161 W. G. L. Randles: The Unmaking of the Medieval Christian Cosmos, 1500-1760: From Solid

Heavens to Boundless Aether, rev. by JAMES M. LATrIS 163 Dialogo entre un vizcayno y un montane's sobre la fdbrica de navfos, ed. and transcribed by

Maria Isabel Vicente Maroto, rev. by CARLA RAHN PHILLIPS 163 William Turner: Libellus de re herbaria novus (1538), ed. and trans. by Mats Ryden, Hans

Helander, and Kerstin Olsson, rev. by SUSAN MCMAHON 164 Thomas Phaer: Thomas Phaer and the Boke of Chyldren (1544), ed. by Rick Bowers, rev. by

VIVIAN NUTrON 165 Andrew Weeks: Valentin Weigel (1533-1588): German Religious Dissenter, Speculative The-

orist, and Advocate of Tolerance, rev. by ERIC LUND 166

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Jakob Bernoulli: Die Werke von Jakob Bernoulli: Die Differentialgeometrie, ed. by Andr6

Weil and Martin Mattmuller, rev. by CRAIG FRASER 167 Niccolb Guicciardini: Reading the Principia: The Debate on Newton's Mathematical Philosophy

from 1687 to 1736, rev. by BRUCE POURCIAU 168 James R. Voelkel: Johannes Kepler and the New Astronomy, rev. by J. R. CHRISTIANSON 169 Roger King: The Making of the "Dentiste," c. 1650-1760, rev. by GERALD SHKLAR 170 Michael C. Schoenfeldt: Bodies and Selves in Early Modern England: Physiology and In-

wardness in Spenser, Shakespeare, Herbert, and Milton, rev. by ROBERT F. WILLSON, JR. 171



Laurie Winn Carlson: A Fever in Salem: A New Interpretation of the New England Witch Trials, rev. by MICHAEL G. HALL 172

Philip K. Wilson: Surgery, Skin, and Syphilis: Daniel Turner's London (1667-1741), rev. by PETER LEWIS ALLEN 173

Vincent Aucante (Editor): Descartes: Ecrits physiologiques et medicaux, rev. by ROGER ARIEW 174 Ren6 Descartes: Descartes: Philosophical Essays and Correspondence, ed. by Roger Ariew,

rev. by STEPHEN GAUKROGER 175 Jon Parkin: Science, Religion, and Politics in Restoration England: Richard Cumberland's De

legibus naturae, rev. by BARBARA SHAPIRO 175 Amalia Bettini: Cosmo e apocalisse: Teorie del millennio e storia della terra nell'inghilterra

del seicento, rev. by RHODA RAPPAPORT 176 Margaret Llasera: Representations scientifiques et images poetiques in angleterre au XVIIe

siecle: A la recherche de linvisible, rev. by PATRICIA FARA 177 Maria Gioia Tavoni (Editor): Un intellettuale europeo e il suo universo: Vincenzo Coronelli

(1650-1718), rev. by PAULA FINDLEN 177 Lisa Jardine: Ingenious Pursuits: Building the Scientific Revolution, rev. by MARGARET C. JACOB 179 Emily Grosholz; Elhanan Yakira: Leibniz's Science of the Rational, rev. by J. A. COVER 180 Antonio E. Ten: Medir el metro: La historia de la prolongacion del arco de meridiano Dun-

kerque-Barcelona, base del sistema metrico decimal, rev. by DENIS GUEDJ 181 Huibert Jan Zuidervaart: Van "Konstgenoten" en hemelse fenomenen: Nederlandse sterren-

kunde in de achttiende eeuw, rev. by FOKKO JAN DIJKSTERHUIS 181 Annelore Rieke-Muller; Lothar Dittrich: Unterwegs mit wilden Tieren: Wandermenagerien

zwischen Belehrung und Kommerz, 1750-1850, rev. by ANDREAS W. DAUM 182

NINETEENTH CENTURY Bernard Bolzano: Bernard Bolzano: Miscellanea Mathematica 14, ed. by Bob van Rootselaar

and Anna van der Lugt, rev. by KARL-HEINZ SCHLOTE 183 Fransois Vatin: Economie politique et economie naturelle chez Antoine-Augustin Cournot, rev.

by BRUCE LARSON 184 Alain Desrosieres: The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning, trans. by

Camille Naish, rev. by OSCAR SHEYNIN 184 Urban Wr'akberg: Vetenskapens vikingatag: Perspektiv pa svensk polarforskning, 1860-1930,

rev. by AANT ELZINGA 185 Michael Allin: Zarafa: A Giraffe's True Story, from Deep in Africa to the Heart of Paris, rev.

by OLIVIER LAGUEUX 186 Pascal Acot (Editor): The European Origins of Scientific Ecology (1800-1901), trans. by B. P.

Hamm, rev. by MALCOLM NICOLSON 187 John R. Williams: The Life of Goethe: A Critical Biography, rev. by FREDERICK GREGORY 188 Martin Halliwell: Romantic Science and the Experience of the Self: Transatlantic Crosscurrents

from William James to Oliver Sacks, rev. by ERIC WILSON 189 Carla Yanni: Nature's Museums: Victorian Science and the Architecture of Display, rev. by

LYNN K. NYHART 190 Simon J. Knell: The Culture of English Geology, 1815-1851: A Science Revealed through Its

Collecting, rev. by DENNIS R. DEAN 191 Edward C. Carter (Editor): Surveying the Record: North American Scientific Exploration to

1930, rev. by JAMES G. CASSIDY 191 Michael R. Finn: Proust, the Body, and Literary Form, rev. by GARETH GOLLRAD 193 Patricia Tyson Stroud: The Emperor of Nature: Charles-Lucien Bonaparte and His World,

rev. by MARK V. BARROW, JR. 194 Caroline Hannaway; Ann La Berge (Editors): Constructing Paris Medicine, rev. by KATHLEEN

WELLMAN 195 Michael Bliss: William Osler: A Life in Medicine, rev. by JOSEPH W. LELLA 196 Stephen G. Alter: Darwinism and the Linguistic Image: Language, Race, and Natural Theology

in the Nineteenth Century, rev. by JOHN M. LYNCH 197 Joseph Melling; Bill Forsythe (Editors): Insanity, Institutions, and Society, 1800-1914: A So-

cial History of Madness in Comparative Perspective, rev. by MATTHEW GAMBINO 197 Auguste Comte: Synthese subjective; ou Systeme universel des conceptions propres a l'e'tat

normal de l'humanite', ed. by Juliette Grange, rev. by CHRIS MCCLELLAN 199 Marinell Ash and Colleagues: Thinking with Both Hands: Sir Daniel Wilson in the Old World

and the New, ed. by Elizabeth Hulse, rev. by REGNA DARNELL 200 Heidi Thomann Tewarson: Rahel Levin Varnhagen: The Life and Work of a German Jewish

Intellectual, rev. by LEEANN HANSEN 201 Jonathan Crary: Suspensions of Perception: Attention, Spectacle, and Modern Culture, rev. by

OTNIEL E. DROR 201

TWENTIETH CENTURY Palle Yourgrau: Godel Meets Einstein: Time Travel in the Godel Universe, rev. by JOHN DAW-

SON 203 Janet Abbate: Inventing the Internet, rev. by DAVID ALAN GRIER 203 Kathryn Henderson: On Line and on Paper: Visual Representations, Visual Culture, and Com-

puter Graphics in Design Engineering, rev. by ALEX SOOJUNG-KIM PANG 204



Dirk Lehrach: Wiederaufbau und Kernenergie: Zur Haltung deutscher Emigranten in Amerika, rev. by KAREN E. JOHNSON 205

Giovanni Battimelli; Giovanni Paoloni (Editors): Twentieth Century Physics: Essays and Rec- ollections: A Selection of Historical Writings by Edoardo Amaldi, rev. by JUDITH GOODSTEIN 206

John Gribbin; Mary Gribbin: Richard Feynman: A Life in Science, rev. by DAVID KAISER 207 Stephen E. Atkins: Historical Encyclopedia of Atomic Energy, rev. by ROBERT W. SEIDEL 208 Elena Castellani (Editor): Interpreting Bodies: Classical and Quantum Objects in Modern Phys-

ics, rev. by EDWARD MACKINNON 209 Mara Beller: Quantum Dialogue: The Making of a Revolution, rev. by HELGE KRAGHI 210 Veniamin Tsukerman; Zinaida Azarkh: Soviet Scientists in the Nuclear Age: A Memoir, ed.

by Michael Pursglove, trans. by Timothy Sergey, rev. by ANNE FITZPATRICK 211 Andrew Rojecki: Silencing the Opposition: Antinuclear Movements and the Media in the Cold

War, rev. by LAWRENCE S. WITTNER 212 Gabrielle Hecht: The Radiance of France: Nuclear Power and National Identity after World

War II, rev. by PER F. DAHL 212 Itty Abraham: The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb: Science, Secrecy, and the Postcolonial

State, rev. by DEEPAK KUMAR 213 Robert Shapiro: Planetary Dreams: The Quest to Discover Life beyond Earth, rev. by RONALD

A. SCHORN 214 Mikael Hard; Andrew Jamison (Editors): The Intellectual Appropriation of Technology: Dis-

courses on Modernity, 1900-1939, rev. by RAPHAEL SASSOWER 215 Richard F. Hirsh: Power Loss: The Origins of Deregulation and Restructuring in the American

Electric Utility Industry, rev. by RONALD KLINE 216 John Perlin: Space to Earth: The Story of Solar Electricity, rev. by ANTHONY N. STRANGES 217 David Morton: Off the Record: The Technology and Culture of Sound Recording in America,

rev. by LISA GITELMAN 218 Roy M. MacLeod (Editor): Science and the Pacific War: Science and Survival in the Pacific,

1939-1945, rev. by RONALD RAINGER 219 Kevin Littlewood; Beverley Butler: Of Ships and Stars: Maritime Heritage and the Founding

of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, rev. by MARGARET DEACON 220 P. J. Capelotti: By Airship to the North Pole: An Archaeology of Human Exploration, rev. by

GEIR HESTMARK 221 Ron Westrum: Sidewinder: Creative Missile Development at China Lake, rev. by HARVEY M.

SAPOLSKY 222 David L. Snead: The Gaither Committee, Eisenhower, and the Cold War, rev. by PETER J.

WESTWICK 223 David H. Guston: Between Politics and Science: Assuring the Integrity and Productivity of

Research, rev. by DARYL E. CHUBIN 224 Craig Canine: Dream Reaper: The Story of an Old-Fashioned Inventor in the High-Tech, High-

Stakes World of Modern Agriculture, rev. by R. DOUGLAS HURT 225 The Chemists' Club: One Hundred Years in the Chemical Community, rev. by JANE MILLER 226 Robert N. Proctor: The Nazi War on Cancer, rev. by DAVID CESARANI 227 Susan Resnik: Blood Saga: Hemophilia, AIDS, and the Survival of a Community, rev. by CRIS-

TIANA BASTOS 227 Sandra Opdycke: No One Was Turned Away: The Role of Public Hospitals in New York City

since 1900, rev. by EDWARD T. MORMAN 228 Sheldon Gelman: Medicating Schizophrenia: A History, rev, by JOHN C. BURNHAM 229 Eric J. Engstrom; Matthias M. Weber; Paul Hoff (Editors): Knowledge and Power: Per-

spectives in the History of Psychiatry, rev. by GRAHAM RICHARDS 230 Ralph Landau; Basil Achilladelis; Alexander Scriabine (Editors): Pharmaceutical Innova-

tion: Revolutionizing Human Health, rev. by JOHN PARASCANDOLA 231 Annet Mooij: Out of Otherness: Characters and Narrators in the Dutch Venereal Disease

Debates, 1850-1990, trans. by Beverley Jackson, rev. by PAUL DIJSTELBERGE 232 Scott H. Podolsky; Alfred I. Tauber: The Generation of Diversity: Clonal Election Theory

and the Rise of Molecular Immunology, rev. by JEAN-PAUL GAUDILLItRE 233 Annette Vogt (with Annette Passert): Elsa Neumann: Berlins erstes Fraulein Doktor, rev. by

BRENDA P. WINNEWISSER 234 Jennifer Price: Flight Maps: Adventures with Nature in Modern America, rev. by PAUL LAW-

RENCE FARBER 235 Margaret D. Lowman: Life in the Treetops: Adventures of a Woman in Field Biology, rev. by

LESLIE J. BURLINGAME 235 Maresi Nerad: The Academic Kitchen: A Social History of Gender Stratification at the Uni-

versity of California, Berkeley, rev. by FRANCILLE M. FIREBAUGH 236 Charles Officer; Jake Page: The Great Dinosaur Extinction Controversy, rev. by ELLIS L.

YOCHELSON 237 Andy Masaki Bellows; Marina McDougall (with Brigitte Berg) (Editors): Science Is Fiction:

The Films of Jean Painleve, rev. by GARY WESTFAHL 238 Polly Welts Kaufman: National Parks and the Woman's Voice: A History, and Glenda Riley:

Women and Nature: Saving the "Wild" West, rev. by MAXINE BENSON 239 Shepard Krech III; Barbara A. Hail (Editors): Collecting Native America, 1870-1960, rev.

by JOAN MARK 240



Joy Ann Bilharz: The Allegany Senecas and Kinzua Dam: Forced Relocation through Two Generations, rev. by DANIEL H. USNER, JR. 241

Bernard J. Paris (Editor): The Unknown Karen Homey: Essays on Gender, Culture, and Psy- choanalysis, rev. by MARI JO BUHLE 242

Steven Selden: Inheriting Shame: The Story of Eugenics and Racism in America, rev. by LAURA LOVETT 243

Johan Heibron: The Rise of Social Theory, trans. by Sheila Gogol, rev. by RICHARD OLSON 244

SOCIOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Lodi Nauta; Arjo Vanderjagt (Editors): Between Demonstration and Imagination: Essays in

the History of Science and Philosophy, rev. by JEREMIAH HACKETT 245 Londa Schiebinger: Has Feminism Changed Science? rev. by JANET WELSH BROWN 246 Susantha Goonatilake: Toward a Global Science: Mining Civilizational Knowledge, rev. by

KAVITA PHILIP 247

REFERENCE TOOLS Martha J. Bailey: American Women in Science: 1950 to the Present: A Biographical Dictionary,

rev by MARILYN BAILEY OGILVIE 249

COLLECTIONS Fabio Bevilacqua; Lucio Freonese (Editors): Nuova Voltiana: Studies on Volta and His Times,

Vol. 1 249 Fabio Bevilacqua; Lucio Fregonese (Editors): Nuova Voltiana: Studies on Volta and His Times

Vol. 2 250 H. James Birx; Eduard I. Kolchinsky (Editors): Science and Society 250 L. J. Borkin; E. I. Kolchinsky (Editors): Russian-German Links in Biology and Medicine: 300-

Year Experience of Interactions 250 Robert Bud; Philip Gummett (Editors): Cold War, Hot Science: Applied Research in Britain's

Defense Laboratories, 1945-1990 251 Karine Chemla; Donald Harper; Marc Kalinowski (Editors): Divination et rationalite en

Chine ancienne 251 Michael T. Ghiselin; Alan E. Leviton Cultures and Institutions of Natural History: Essays in

the History and Philosophy of Science 251 Fernand Hallyn (Editor): Metaphor and Analogy in the Sciences 251 Eric Higgs; Andrew Light; David Strong (Editors): Technology and the Good Life? 252 Nicole Hulin (Editor): Physique et humanites scientifique: Autour de la reforme de

l'enseignement de 1902: Etudes et documents 252 Doris Kaufmann (Editor): Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus:

Bestandsaufnahme und Perspektiven der Forschung 252 E. I. Kolchinksy; M. B. Konashev (Editors): On the Edge: Soviet Science at the First Half of

the Twentieth Century, Vol. 2 253 Roger D. Launius; John M. Logsdon; Robert W. Smith (Editors): Reconsidering Sputnik:

Forty Years since the Soviet Satellite 253 Robert I. Rotberg (Editor): Health and Disease in Human History: A Journal of Interdisciplin-

ary History Reader 253 Reinhard E. Schielicke; Klaus-Dieter Herbst; Stefan Kratochwil (Editors): Erhard Weigel-

1625 bis 1699: Barocker Erzvater der deutschen Friuhaufklarung 253 Caterine Volphilhac-Augar (Editor): Montesquieu: Les annees deformation (1689-1720) 253

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS 255

COVER: This "David and Goliath" cartoon appeared in 1925 as USA v. The Chemical Foundation, Inc., moved to the Court of Appeals. The United States confiscated German chemical patents during World War I, selling them to the Chemical Foundation, a nonprofit corporation established to promote the domestic synthetic organic chemicals industry. The cartoon represented the worldview of many proponents of the domestic industry and defenders of the Chemical Foundation. The murderous Hun threatened to eliminate the underdog, although Francis P. Garvan, president of the Chemical Foundation, provided a heroic defense of the young American industry. Garvan's supporters would have understood that the mud-slinging hyphenated American represented American importers of German chemicals, whom Garvan and others accused of having divided loyalties.

(United States Chemical Warfare Association Weekly Bulletin, 1 July 1925, no. 21, in Charles H. Herty Papers, Box 98, Special Collections, Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.)



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