Front MatterSource: Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 49 (1755 - 1756)Published by: The Royal SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/104893 .
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The Royal Society of London
PHILOSOPHICAL
TRANSACTIONS
Volume 49 1755-1 756
Repnnted by perrnission of
The Royal Society of London
JOHNSON REPRINT
CORPORATION
KRAUS REPRINT
CORPORATION
NEW YORK
1965
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JOHNSON REPRINT
CORPORATION
KRAUS REPRINT
CORPORATION
NEMJ YORK
1965
The Royal Society of London
PHILOSOPHICAL
TRANSACTIONS
Volume 49 1 755- 1 756
Reprinted br permission of
The Royal Society of London
This content downloaded from 91.229.248.139 on Wed, 14 May 2014 07:06:07 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
The only official reprint authorized by
The Royal Society of London
Printed in U.S.A.
This content downloaded from 91.229.248.139 on Wed, 14 May 2014 07:06:07 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTION S,
Ci1VING SOME
A C C O U N T - O F THE
-Prefent Undertakings, Studiesa ardLabours, O F T H E
I N G E N I O U S IN MANY
C:onElderable Parts of the W ORLD.
* * 8 v ,
VOL. XLIXw PAtr I. For the Year I755.- _._ *
L 0 Ws O g. Printed for L. D A v X S and C. R x t M E k S
Printers ta the R o Y A L S O C I E T Ys againk Groty's-Inn Gatef in HolbornX
M. D c C. L v I.
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- i
P H I LO S 0 P H I C;A L
TRANS-ACTIONS .
The C O N T E N T S .
- PART I. VOL. X:LIX.
I. 1De (Pre.aonib1hs sPondern ;n MacaJinis motis. Page I
II. Xn InveyZigation of a General Rale for thc ReJolutiar of Aroptrimetrical Problefns of alZ Order. By Mr. Thomas SimpSon, F. R. S. p. 4t.
III. Part of a Letter fFom Tohn Huxhamt At. i) F. R. S. to W. WatSon. }: R. S. in relation to the Effie#s of Lightning at Plymouth. p.. I6.
IV. X remarka61e Co.zre of a norbid Eye: Bj Mr Edward Spry, Sgrgeo> at Plymouth in Devon- flire. p. X 8.
V. X S?pplement to the Sacvgnt of a dilMempered Skin, pg6A#ed in the 4?f+ob K^nber Qf the Phi- olXophical Tranfadions. By Mr. Henry Baker, F.R. S. p. 21.
Vl. Sn ExtrvA of the S§J?anae of lthree Lvtters from Ifaac Jannineaus EJ q; his MajeJiB's ConJ*XZ at Naples, to Sir Prancss Hoskins Eyles Stiles, Bart. and F. R. S. ronrerning the late li;rgption af Mount Vefuvius. p. 24.
a 2 Egtrac?
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C O N 1:3 E S T Sw
EDfflh& ff z rftam Mr. fmt, -t*t Britlth Co"J/ df Naples, o Sir Fw Hf Eyles Stiles,
iatwiDecAl^-2ta s7f4- p. 27*
Eit of t Letterfi tX tAtma} to
- tbe /am-e, dated Vecem. 2S, 17SV p. 28. SII. n gnt < Se tpe < ttaXty pom
S- Xe Sgart, ufied vs $ S, fs prepared. BB Alr. NAlilliam Watio", F. R sSf p, :8*
V1II. Hg ^nt of a Mogntvin of ̂ lran Ore, at Tabex xn Sweden, is ¢ DeXer *ta ilMt.^Perer C6lliNfon, . R. & Bt;Peter A:Sca.niusy M. D. >pked the Lavin by Xr. Emanucl Me£> des de CoRay Ft R. S. - - p 3o^
E* s ;v*c8Xrt af ^ r we aJ? a Chtido e Mrw Richard Guy, SgrXe^. p.- 3+.
Xif #s of ho Le*ws from Mr. James Latt temant &dtnt in *0r and Sgrgery, to 1OrX -EcEl6Sera 2tow r ig London-, tonearqwng the * of tvhe ar; af tb -Ovk} afker f& of .tX3e < tp-bl tOperations in Surger. 7*s twhich are add:^il, Some re7srkafile f terumerts made ,v-og tXe Jrter af Narfes, with tha rPowder af tbe Sycoyerdoti, at Lupi Crepsittis > 6gt Mon - egr- La PoMey Srrier tv- the w f- France -CamEntsved # X. Jof ph Warner }: R. S8* SBrgevg < Guy's HoJ4pitaL - p. 2XF 37*
tI ># LetJE4oz James Parfofis, M. O. X R. 5 ta Thotnas Sircht S).D seCrPt. 0. iS. vor;erning the-Ufi of Lyct)ptrdon, S twng BldW after Smtabonsj p. 38.
W. - h /tnt af the bte af S rheenoters - ̂ the W3 and h v<Beuty t75S, in 4.Letter- > Toba CJnton, M A. E PX S fEo H<nry -,1)D.E:R*.& pX43*
XllIF
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c O NT i N T S. tIII. 4n S D$nt of-ome CgJ es of iVrf0e$, urod
6y rweet-Oit: sIt a Lettur firoen Wil}iam Olxver, M.D. F.1e.S. p. 46,- vw Ogebationts EXpfgm- S4telE iovis habite poac irs ReXio Collegio Beatigsm Zrginis a Ntae>tiSu ngnpate, J eognme Chavliwr fing. Oratorwi Regalis ek Soaiet. -Xond. Sovia, A!nn t7fs p. 48.
XV Sn Sacognt of thaJe nsal>t7 Fevers, tSat raged at Rouen, at the E"of the Xtwo s7f3 and the Baginning of t7S4 By Mot/: Ise Cat, M. 1)-. Proor of Snatonfy vnd -(gw at
Roslen, F- . S. Hember of he Royal dt
of Scienres at Pa£ss, vfi1 perperaZ SWtwr>t of tbat at Roue-n. p,^ 4,9
XVI. San Stroanti of the Death - - of Mr. Ga- William Richmao, SProfe oLf aart }?hil0vphy, a bF of tht Iwperl env of Saie?sces at Peterburg. trxJ2ated: >" the- High-Dutch.- - p. 6I.
Xv11. Xn- Svrognt f a Ro Inforitrion >dw at Malton n York/hire, in tYhe tear s7S,. e ohn Ward, LL.Bb R{ler. Prof. Greth and
F: <. R.-5. - p. 6* XVIII. A Catalogge of the Pift. Plgtsfr^S-Chelfea
(;arden, pteftnt-ed to th RQyal- Socety, byj S worMh ppwl Comf at < At>sthe¢arzet, for tbe tlear x75+, pgrfiaw to S lXreAio« of Ser Hans di}oane, ;Baronet, Medi Re,&. & Soo. Regn ngper f ref es, 6y Jahn Wil mer, llI. tZ). Sorowtat * 5Pht- t¢4;egtX Londf - HortX G-helff tPr¢0¢fiis *Tr*lorBotasti ps-7&
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C- O N-T E N T S. XIX. X Letter to the Right HonograbMe Georgc
Earl of Macclesfield, SPrefdent of the Royal Society, on the Adstantage of taking the Mean of of a Ns4mber of Obfiervations, in pradical SJtro nomy: ty T. SimpSon- F. R. S. p. 2.
X. Sn Srangnt of -the Sueps of Sgaric, and the Furxps vinofiis,- in >>putatzons: By Mr. James Eord, SWrgeon, of BriPcol. p. 93
XXI. kgeries fint to a Freend in Conllantinople; by Dr. Maty,- F. R. S*; and anMwered 6y his Ex- rellenvy James Porter, Erq; -his MajeJZy's 2*n- Jafador at (::on{tantinople, and F. R. W. p. 96.
XXI1. Bxt:raSs of siwo Letters to Thomas Hollis, &g; Xrernt tha late Di/4coveries at FIcrcuJa- neum. p {op
=-III. Copy of a Letre-r fr0m a-learned Gentietan of Naples, dated Feb£uary 2f, x7Sy, roarernxng the Books and antxent bYritings d<; ogt of the JRuins of an*Edif e near the Site of the old CitZ ffHerculaneun; to MonNgnor Cerati, of 3?ifaw F. R. S. fent to Mr. 33aker, Ft R. S. and bt him comt?Xgnicated; with a franpation bt John tocke, EHq; F.R.S. . p. IIZ.
XX1V. Sn Sraognt ef the Jeveral Erth+akes af late felt at Conllantinople; by his ECxreller Xames Porter, Erq; his A@eJ?yss Smbafador at tht sP{ave s in a Letter to the Reverend Mr. -Wet{lcin, : R. S. dated February I5, x7yS
- , p. ITS.
NV. tdters of Henry Eeless Efiq; ¢nctrning the Cagfe of thf JArent of Mapxr ard Bxhalatto¢, vriZ thoJe f FYinds; and of the g-eweral Phono-
mena
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C O N T E N T S. na < the Meather and Baromefcr; to the
Regv. Thomas Birch, 2). S). Sear. R. S. p. I24. I26. ISI.
XXVI. Remarks gpan a petriw Bahinas f v rn- gglar- kind} Jhewt to the Royal Society, April 2+, s7SS, by the Res. R.ichard Pococke, LL. D. >4rchieaaDg of Dublin, axd F. R. S. found on Bunrlan's-Land} in the Pari/D oft Bovingdon in Hertfordfhire, whish is a -CZayX and fiuppofed- ta hvse 6een brorght vith the Chalk, duX ogt oJ¢v St in the Pield. B.JV. James ParSons, . SD. o,rd F.R.S. p. IfS.
XXVII. lUo Lettersw aonvering Sowit:odendronv Let. I. From the Xbbe Mazeasj F. R. S. to the Rev. Stephen Hales, S). S F. R. S. Sn/lated from the Prench, by James ParSons, M. i. and F*R.S p. IS7. Let. 1}. ];Wom Mr. Pbilip Miller, E R. S. to tke Res. Thomas Birch, D. D. Serret. R. S. p. I6T.
XXVIII X Le2er to the Right Gonvgrable the Earl o32 Macclesfieldy tPr fdent of the Royal So ciety, onaerXning the Method of sonprarirlg a 7Cable for the ProbAbxl«ties of L#fie at London, frozn the JP:eqyerend William Brakenridge, S. 1). and F. R. ̂ ." p. I&7.
XXTX Sofne AAGOGnt af a Sheep, Rewed ive to
the Royal Society, Nolrember I7f+, havi
a nwonHtrous Horn R: wing fFom hs 7Ubroat; the Jwed Skin o3 iSah, with the H^rn in fitu-, is wow ig the MOfegm of the Society. er James ParSons} M iD. F. 1£. @. p. r8 g.
:X;XX. X 1Di#^ertatwon gton the Caxver of HJf Eyt- Eds, Il;0e, great sangle of the gya, dnd its
gsaigh§B#F
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CONTENT-S
revbo^g btx Skd the RO1I-
me-tangere? dmntd kxthfrto raAlc F both Arfflierts d-Moderns, bgt now-Rewn to be aw afwaUe; as otber W)iempfrwW J to * RoySl SQCigty of London ;y Zng Daviels aon- Jg Sgrgeon in oriaaryX vnd OsaliM to the fing; lVaSerof AFrtsX and of Sgrge<7at Mar- fcilles ; ltoyal Pref.t0vr and l;)ewo"#ratvr of AWa- tPtv 4f tbe JSanye Cit; Se7wbxr of tX jra- dr.of Stieves of Touloft Bologne, an4d tbat
fif af parisJ aW tra701ved frow the
hench n James Parfons, M. D. and <. R S. p. -ls¢*
XXxI! Xn Jroxt of r Roman Xfswiptions tbree >rg£ Stones, fiognd r a plted
fi regr Wroxeter n Shro,pffiiros " thc avr -7ffX: tYith J^ot7¢e Obfarvatians upon tbem, by lin Ward, LL.i). Rhet. SProM* Grd ard
- z P. R. Sz p. T96
XXXII. Sowe Ob/Frqwtions gpO?s a"Asnerican ^/t leJiX Jbew?s ro tbe Pvoyal Society : ty hMr. llrael MaududX F. R. Sv ph 205.
AXXI}IX an E;ctraA of a Let>r writter bt the X<iflrates of the C-ity of Mafcali,- i& Sicily, and /eat fro7n their pgblio OfFre to Napl« ronurn- xng a :lge Er8tion of Mount ACtua. fl;veJ?vted fiom the Ita-lian. p. 29.
XXX IV, $ome t of the Chart-Fifh, aw fouwd in NorthwWalest Ix a Lottet tkt R:{sw Mr. Parringtorl, of Dinass ntar Catrnatson ta Mr. Thomas CollinSon, of London. CoSmg7gwatsg
t?t Mr P<ter ColliaSon>F R W p 2 IOt
xx&vw
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C O N T E N T 5 XXXV. A MethoXpropoJkd to reJ?ore tEe Hevrtng
wkeg gxred from vg ObJ?r?z#ox of tffie Tuba Eulias:llialla By Mr. Jonatllan \Macllall JffiWrgeoa} i7f Dcs!on lhire- S quare. Spf z 1 3-.
XXXVI. Eentanfen Chemic?Zz de Calvis svit-XcZ tione in Salew toAatilem alsatiSs£m. v+aEZore Jvhallne Alberto SchloIler, 171trajedino ilM. i)*
P. ZzS.
XXXVII. Jza Srrognt of a qver rewarta61e CaJoe of
a Boy, qwho notrwithfanding thvt a ronjEderable
sPart tf his InteJ?ines uere faraed ost by the Eall of a Cart gpon him, ownd afierwards Coht of) rne sovered, and sontinges well. p. 238.
XXXVIII. Sn Srognt of fiome Sperimetlts ov tbe Sen84bility and Irritability of tZ3e: feverozl 'Parts of Animals; in a Letter fFosn Richard -Erocklesby, Mi i). F. R. S. to the Rev. 1lI1Q- xnas llirch, S). D. Serr. R. S. p. ;4O.
XXXIX. Sn -4aaognt of AVorms in Aoianal Boites In a Letter to Thomas lSirch, i) cz). Stsr: . iS. fiom Fraalk Nicholls, M. D. Med. R-eg. and
rn b
r.K.J. pj246 XL.SnAvrgntof.yro7neremarkableInjeSsefthe
Pouype ki@, f5xnd in tJe A>Yaters nevr Bruflels in Flanders. In a Letter to Tho. BirchX i)* i). Serret. R. S. frn 1 . Brady, M. D. Phyf ix to his HioneSs Prnre CharSes of Lortaine. p. 2+g.
XLI. X J%ort Srrognt of r°gE new >§J?ronomical and 5Phyrval Ogervvtors ynade in Afia; od vommgniaated to Matthesv Maty, M. S. F R. S. by his Eellenry Mr. Porter, his MaieJty s am- agador at confiantinople and F. Rv S. p Z Sx
b Extr42
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C O N T E N T S ExtralS of a French LetterX tranfmitteZl to his Ex-
sellency James Porter} E/^q; by the Englifh Conf at Aleppo. p 252.
XLII. Some ObJ^erquations proving, thott the Ftgs is in part nQariXed by the LiqaarSmnii. By Malcolm Flcming) gi-i). p. 25+.
XLIlI. An Sacotwnt: of the Sgrcefs of Agaric in Xmptataons, fSc. in a Letter from Mr. Wil- liam Thornhil], late Surgeon to the InJErmary at BriProl, to Robert Dingley, Efiq; Ft R. S. p. z64.
XLIt. LBis defe&Zas El6is a 79s&!ore Joanne Men- defio Sachetro Barbofa, SPhil.oyeophi eSt Medicing Profe.fore, Regiz Soaietatis Londinen./s, Regalis El6enJ4s Nz3Jroaotni Mediao, oJo.ferss Die 27-- 28 Marfii, Snno X 7SS Commgnicated by J. De CaPlro Sarmento, M. i)* F. R. S. p. 265.
XLV. X Letter to George Lewis Scot, Erq; F. R. S. sonvernirg the Ngmber of (People in Enrland; f oan the Reverend William Brakenridge, S). S). ReXtor of St. Michael BaIE12law, London, and F.R.S. p. 268.
XLVI. Sn Sttempt to explvin two Roman ln- JAriptions, C«kt gpon two Sltars, whiah were dgg gp rome time Xnve at Bath. By John Ward, LL D. Rhet. MProgi Grefh. andg T. R. S.
p 28S
XLVII Sn Arognt of a rematrkable Echings: By GuPravus Brander, Efiq; F. R 5. p. 29y
:XLVIII. i!n Hrrognt of ebe ImpreSion on a Stone ig Bp iX tZJe Ind of Antigua, and tbe 28a- tity of Rair fgllen there for Fogr Xevrs: In a Letter fRom the Reverend Mr. Franci-s Byalll to William Fauvguier, Efiq; F. R. S. p. 29S
XLIS.
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G O N T E N T S. XtIX.- A Letter to the Right Eonograble George
ffarl of Macclesfield, iCreJEdeat vf the Royal Sov ciery, aonrerning the Stones esentoned ir the prereding Jrtiale Bt lWr. Arthur Pond, F. R. S.
p. 297 L. Xn ilrrogrxt of the EffeAs of Lightning in he
Dani{h Chgrah in Wellclofe-Square. By GuRa VU5 Brander, EJAq; F R. S p. 298.
ET. Ele&}rral ExperiynentsX made in plhrJ%cJnf e fif tho/4e ty Mr. Caneon, dated December 3, I 7S3 ; with Enctlanations by Mr. Scnjanzin Flanklir. Commgnxcated by Mr. Peter CollinfonX F R. v.
p. 310O0 LIt. ExtrvA of a letter conrerning EleHricit,
froun Mr B. Franklin to MonS [)elibardt iscla/9ed xn a Letter to ilJr Petcr Collinfon, F. R. .s5.
p 30So LIII. A Lettf r roncernirg t/we EgeAs of Lightsirg
at Dalkin in S-urre3r, frars llfr 7illiaal Cllild to Mr James Pitfold. Coznznzgnirated by 1}:dr Peter C:ollinfoll, F. R. S. p ft,op
t15F. Sn Sacosnt of the great Ev'fneft af 610^irzg thowers offrtrCfh Hir v [Zuroggh diJ?illi7sg Li- Xorso By Stephen Hales i). S). F. R. S. p. 3 I 24
LV. Sn 3RCO1VXt of tbe great Berteft fig Zvti*1do tors in many IngXa7scesX in preferqvi7^g the Hev;th asd L-ives of tPeolZle, in Slav;e aagl vther TrJ- port behips. ay Stepllen Halcs, 423 2). F. R. d;-r
- p 332* LVI. Xn iffCaf788t of aze Trials to sgre the iiS
taJUe of lVilk, ¢>;hiak is ryrraJ^oned by tE?e I-ood of Co^s, eitlverfrog T?rnK*.¢) (;ab&ges, or vtvfn aal Leaq,esX Sc. XJo to/^weeten Jtjnking Fuvtr} Zzc. t Stepll n H31c¢, O. CD. ' R. S. p. 33g.
1) 2 LV1I.
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C-O NT-E N T S. . .
tVII. ExtrvA of a Letter of TIlom-as Barkert E/i; to the Res. James Bradley, i). i). v9J?ronotner Royal, and g R Sf ronsernX7tg the Rett¢rn of the Comet, expeAed in I 7S7, or I 7 s8 * p. 347*
LVIlI. Sn 4arount of an extrvardinary andJgr- prng Agitation of the AWaters thoggh withot an.perreptibleMotion af the Earth, o6ferqved n qyariogs 'Parts of this IJland, both snoFritime and inland, on Novem. I, I 7 SS shief.ty abo?wt the Eime that; /;he anore ZvioleXnt Cornfflotions og both Evrth and PYogters fo extenvely aff2eHed many query
iiJZant iParts of the Globle: Ix Jeveral Letters tranfinitted to the Royal Society.
Letter 1. From Mr. John Robertfo*, F. R. 5. to Tho. Birch, S). i). Secret. R!- S. At P-ortEtnollth in Hamp{hire. PF SIe
Let. Il. From Philip Carteret Webb, EJtq; F R. S. to Tho. Birch, i). i). Secr. R. S. ha SuSex, and the Sothern sPerts af Surrey. P 3 S3
Let. III. From Swithin Adcef ilt S). F. R. S to Phi- lip Carteret Webb, EiJi; F. R. S. P 3S7
Let. 1V. From Swithin Adet, 11t. D. F. R. 5: to Philip Calteret WebS, E/i; F. R S. ibid.
t.Ct. V. Fro Mr. John Hodgfon fO Philip Carteret \\7ebb, 8; lt'. R. S. p. 3s8.
ZiXtraG of Letter VI. From Cranbrook i-IRent, to \Villiam Tempe{}} E0; F. R. S. p. 360+
Etrtrdd of} Ler. VII Comnniaated Ay Jolln Prin- ^,1e,M*D.F.R.S. p.360.
Ecr. VIlI. Arow Mr. tIeary Mills to T. Birch, D. E), Secret. R. S. p. 36I
Lct. 1X. Sn Scraunt of tEae Agitation ef the tYvrer in Peerlefs*Pool near Old Strect, London B wIhoO BircbX i;Z;) S)* SSar R Sv p. 36zv
I.vtX Xw
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C O -N - T E N T S. Ler. X. Aa Strognt of the Agitation of tEe Matd
at Rochford in Effiex, Nov. 1, JL7SS, in a Letter from the Rev. Mr. Thomlinfoll to the Rezu. rDr. Sykes, i). S). DPan of Burien. Coznrngr/iaatedt by Tho. I3irch, D. S). Sevret. R. S. p. 36-+.
Ler. Xl. Frozn Mrz Richard Phil-ips Cammgaicated by Lesvis CrurlusX D D. F. R. S ln BerkShilee, near Reading. - p. 36fi=.
Let. XII, 4n Arrognt of the J4ogme. Camxngnicated by tbe Rer?*Johrw Blair, LL. iO. F. R.-S. p. 3¢7.
Let. XIII In Oxford{hirea at Shirburn-CaRleJ the Jweat of the Earl af Micclesfield, EPreJ: R. S. a;r appevrs by the following Sognts cowzngnaated by hzs Son the Lord MifcoXt Parker:, F. R. S. theg gpon the Spot;. p. 368.-
Let. XIV. From John Huxham? M. i) F. R. S. to Mr. Wllliam WatCon, F. R S. Ig Devonthire a¢d Cornwall; at Plymouth, Mc)unts-ENay, Pen- zance, et- pt 37 I.
Lete XV. From tbe Rev. W. BorlaCe, S-. M. F. W. S. to,the Rev. Charles Lyttleton, LL.D. C:Deozr of Exerer. p 373
ExtraS of Ler. XVI. From Swallzey, dat@d Dcc. 8, I7S5, Counicated by the Res> J>ohn BlairX LL.D. }1.2?.S. p,3'7gt
ExtraH af Let. xvIr Frozn Mr VSTsr* A^tdcrol1> F. R. W. to Henly Baker7 F. Ro S. p. g80,
Let. SVIIt. rO Mr. Wm. A-rderon, F. R. S. frow Mr. Tllo. Barber in Yarmouth, sonverning the Earthfaake on Novem. I. Commiaatedby MrJ Arderon. p 38o.
Ler. XlX. From the Reve Mr. Jolln H<arribn, Redor Hawke(head in CumberlandX to the Right R68vo
lAr. Ednz. IRecnca LFd. Biphop of Cll¢0¢t4- p 3gEv
£ .E4vtonA
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CO NTE NT8. StrvA # Ler =* Fros the Hot46> and Rs
-Dr Sperxcer Cowper, Dw4e + Durham, ta hts Btatbr the Rig+t Hon William Earl Cowpera
-
F:R. S: . . p.38f L¢t SCXIJ n Dr. John Stevenbn, n at
EdinSuradu (>ggSt ie Dr. John Prinales E R S Scotlands RkLoch NeI§* p 388
StrnA C ler XXII. Fio 5ir Janzes Colqulloun, ef Iuls, to il. Flerchert Menber ef Drlikta
- Wated RoidoeX Dec. 8? X Z f y. - (imnsxntcated 6y Dr. Pl*ngles Ft R. SL At Loch Lommond. p*3po
Ict. XXI tI . GE mmg7Xted e Richa rd Brocklcs by} Mi).F\h!.S p.3g3.
Let XXIV. j kognt ef an estrvordixdry 7 teratto?s ix the BatPs of Toplits tn Bobetni3) X the fi ef November t7SSs nta Letter fiog Fkther Jo)ipll Steplin to lamcs Short, M. X F. R 5; lW9tedfi om ae tattll. p 3gs
Extrfif ef Lcrtar XXV1+* F>owlW.IDe FIondt, oftEt Ha>u=,, cocertg tbetiSton-of tkze fiYaten, NOtsct2* Ix I 755 Wanpvted Ron the Prencl; vni {o>a>aitvtedX I>. BirclD.D. rr. R. St *396*
Extr42 ef L2t.XX5*tII Fitom Mou;J: AllamontlX 5Pro- fr ef rokil@ + Leyden*} vnd E W. & datfd ttere V VCCI2 * 9} I 7 S S, to Mi. Trembley} F. R. S; fia7Se;egfioM tffie French. p. 397*
IjIX. Ht oant of the Barzkq4ke} Novena. I, }> I7J5, dS 2 xn t Lxd Mines in Derby (hirc 3 in W Letter fRom the Res. Xr. lSullock to
Lewis CruItaas) S). O. F. R. 5; Letrer I. p 3g8. tet. II. X2 Anant af the EDar;hUvAe vt L;sbon}
NVV. I l 7 f SX in m Letters Am Mr \Mo hlla Sargeor> # J Pa^tons) M; I)* F: R SQ p*402.
Letter 111* p. 408. Lct. IY *
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C O N T E N T S. Let. IV. X CKr of rPart af Rwo Letters, written
by John Mendes Saccheti, MX D. F R. S. to Dr. -De CaRro7 R R. S. dateAl from tDe Fields of LifbonX on the;7th of November, oznd the IJ? of lDecember, 1 7SS
Extrv-of Let. V From lMr. J. LathaulX dated at Zfufquctra, December I Is t7SSX to Dis Acle in London. Cotnmgnic6Z;ted by Peter DavaS? eq; Serret. R. S. p. +1 t.
Let.VI. O/slervvatiors, made at Colares, on the Earttg8ake at Lisbon, of tEe /9 of Novtlnber 17Sy} 6y lklr. StoquelerX Co/ of Hanlburgh. Commg/nic6ated by Mr. H. Balrer, F. R. S. p. 4I 3.
ExtraA Saf Ler. \71II. Eo Tilnzan Het1kcla E9; Mer- ckant in London, {oncerniag the Barthqgake at Oporto ia Portugal7 Nov. t} I756. Co7S2ngnirated by lkfir. Tohn Ellicot, F. R. S. p. 4I 8.>
Let. IX. EnctraA of Two Letrbrs to Sr Plummer, Merahant n London,- frotn Oporto, so7arernng he Earth?ake fevlt therev Comazggnirated by Mrw Jolln Ellicor) F. R. S. P 4X9) 42I,
ECxtrvA of Let XI. Fiom Oportoj by the verry Capt. ICuowlerX dated Nov. 1> I7SS Co<Rwaggni- sated by Theodore Jacob6on, M F. R. tv9. p. 42 I
Extr6ZA of Lete XII. From StonJ: MllyIfon to:MonJ: Bazin, - {orrernxng zbe EvrtAqake at OporKo, NJ°vV IJ I 7SS Cox,cmgniaated ey M. MatyX M< Ot F. R. S. Eranplated froaw tbe Frencll. p. 422.
Dctrda af Ltt. XIII. Erom MadridX to tbe Spanifh Confal, re/+ in London. rranJ?atedfrva} the Spanith Comm?Wair6tted by Mr. Joh.n Ellicot F.R.S. p.+23*
Let.- XtV. Sn Ssrognt of tte Earthake at Cad izX Nov. 17 I7S> in a Letter f om Mr. Ben. Bewick><
Merchant
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C O N T E N TS. hIervhv-nt there} to SIr. Jorepllpaice, Mezahvt iv Enndont p. 424.
I+ct XV i!n .GC#tiNt of the EvrfEsqgake at Cadiz, in a Letter ta tPe Spanilh Smbagador at the I laruz, from l)on Ant. d' Ulloa, F. R. S. p 427*
Ler SVI. Sn Atccognt of the Bartbqaakes, that hlJpXed zn BarbaryX inclo/^ed zz a Letter from Ge7seral Fowke, Gavernor o.f Gibraltar, to tffie Rt. IMonq He-lzrv Ftax, q; ane of bis Maje//y sprinri pal Secrerarres of Stvre. Csmmaitated by the Rt Htn. Philip Ld. ViJ>a. Ro) Plon, F. R. S. p. +2 8.
Let. XVIl. Sn HrrOgf;t of the Erarthq¢4ke in the l/lazdofAIadeiraX Nov. I,I755,iNa Letterfrom Dr. Tho. Hebcrclen to his Brother (Dr. NVliliam H¢berden, F. R. S. p. 43 2^
Let. XVItI. Atother Scaant of the rame Earth- ggake at LNladeiraX in a Letterfirotn Mr. C. Cllaln- Gsrs to his Father, in London. P 43 S
Lee. X1X Sn Hrsount of the 14te Evrthq?zakes of SOV. I, W^lig, 1 755 as felt at NeuichAtel in Swil: {e;rland. pX 436.
ExtraS of Let. XX. Sn Hveo?lst of the iN4rt:6quake felt at Gcrcva, Nov. 9n I 7 SS P 43 8.
Ler. XXI. Sn Sccognt of the Earthq¢ake felt at Eo{ton in Ncw England, lSov. 1 8, 17SS P 43g,
Ler. XXI. An ASccott of the Earthqgake felt; in Nes^Rtork, Nost 18, I755. p 44*3.
[et. XXII. Sn Acaoant of tbe Earthqgake felt in Penfylvanias Nov. 1 8t I 7SS P 444'
I IDe
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F w -E
- -
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTION S,
G1VING SOME
A C C O U N T O F THE
Prefent Undertakings, Studies, andLabours, OF THE
I N G E N I O U Sx IN MANY
Collrlderablc Parts of the W O R L D. . o 4 *
V OL. XLIX. PAR T II. For the Year I756.
L O N i) O N. Printed for I. D A V 1 5 and C. R B Y M E R S,
Pritlters to the R Q Y A L S O C I E T YX agairlflc Gray'sInn Gate, in Holbourn.
M.DCC.LYI 1.
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- -
-
P H I LO S O P H I C A L
TRANSACTIONS.
Tlle CON TENTS. _
_
VOL. XLIX. PART II.
- llAG 1,
LX. iCx 4crovat: z?f Fo)r gnde/4eri6ed DJ)5es of Alep- pC?; iS a jJi-ttftr to Alr. Perer CollillSon, F. R. S. bW Al2Xa1RdEr Rl}t}<lS AS. 19* - Page 4*4Sv
LXI. M44 S{r6USt f a various, J?eMhy, roral-like Sgb- flanre i ia a Letter to Agr. P(tZr C(?l1inIOn }' R. S. f/O.S Dr. JOh*:^ AlbCrt SChlO«er, M. D. F. R. S. with otne O;frrv4tians on it rotstnt4nivated to Mr. C5ollinfoll y lllr. Jolllu Ellis, F. R. S. p. +49.
LXI1. 7Swo /ngular (;a/s of d ated Knee-yo;ats rcersf gll treated: - the faryt y topaal SpWli- aations; tbe J4erond by Operaton. ty Mr. lo- fcph Warner, };: R. sSX S8rgeon of Guy's-HoSpi- tal. -p. 4f2.
LXIII. Ex;raS of Letter grotn Mr. NlVilliam Pyes deat,>d lManillaX O AL eJ^, 1 7 S+, to his Brother in Lotldon. Commanirated lO Mr. Bvnj. \\ilfon, F. R. 5'. bY the Hon. il*]r. }Jrrilogtoll. p. 4y8.
LIlXi. Wx my on the tYvters of t;he Holy Well at Mvalvcrl> \\torceLterftirc.. By J Wall, 21A. i:). CoS^lirated by tke 2dev. ClJtles LyttictonX L.L.19 iDeanof EXcrcr +n.]:e. $. p4}ry9*
a 2 LXIV
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G o N T E N T S LXIV. vqn Arrognt of the-CaJe of a Man, who died
of the Eph of the F^ire at Eddy-ote L}t.it- SlouRe. ty igr. Edward Spry, &rgeon at Ply- mwtk Pv 9*7T
X Letiter AQ the R f t Hor. Geotrga Drl of t!/Iac- clesficld, cPrefident of the Royal SocietyX {onrer- t e p 48o.
A Letter of John H.uxh.amX M. D. F. R. S. tv Mr William. WatSRon, F. A. S; Qn6Vrning the CvR of 2 the Man who f*alloewed melted Lead. p. 483.
LY:v. X farther eFognt of the StreJ} of Jbe . .
Experomerzts of inse2ng Clarer, &c. irzto the Xbdomen, after ng. By Mr. CLlriftopher^ Walrick. P 48S
LX\Il. Sn Srognt of tSe lxtt i?if(a7venes sbf A!n- tiq?it.ies at HercuXaneum, b¢. in lFwa Leters 0rom Camillo Paderni, Ketter of the MxJ egz HerculaneiX to Thonaas Hollis, yq; d fiom the Italian by RobBrt NVatfou, M O E RF S - p 490*
LXVII. Sn X caangt af the Earthquake felt at Glafgow axd Dumbarton; cglJX of a ShQrwer of D@ f on 4 Gip betrweeng Shetlarld and Ice- land; *naLetterfro7W1Dr.RQbertMlhytt, 3ro fr of PZeFre in tJpe UniverRy oM Edin- burgh, to John Prinale, A#; D. F. R. S. p S°9*
LXVIII. ExtraiX of - Letter fro- M8nJ: Bonnet, FA 1ve S. to Mr. Trembley, 17: R. S. dated at Geneva, 3o January s7S6, {ancernifsg the Earth- qke on the I8h of November, oXS) in Va lais tn SwiXerland. IianJZatgd frozn tba Frel1chX
- P SIt
X. AtraA ef a Latter fians 11 AllamandX SProfr
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C O N T E N T S.
SPrQfefor of Natm4ral Philfifophy at Leyden, and F. R S. to Mr. Tremblet, B. R. 5. Iaranf- 16ltea' from the Prencil.- p. SI 2.
LX. Sn Sac44nt of ro>e Fungitz anaFothes vgr- ous coralloid fogSI -Bbdies s hy Thomas Pennant, ; Cowuwnsaated by llir. HenryBaker, F. R. S * P SI3
LXXI. Sn Acragnt ef Inolation by Sir Hans SloaneX B4rt. gtven to Mr. RanbyX to bepubliJheds Anino 1 73 6. Coscated b.y the Rev. Thomas BirchX EZ). D. Serret. R S. p. st6.
LXXII. Enctrad of a Letter fiom Or. Johtl Ste renfon, PhviagatEdinburgh, toJoFsnPringle, M. iO. F. R. S. dgted Edilzburgh, I 7 Feb. 1 7 5 6, with anXrvo-rst of an esvtrvordinary XgXtwtasn of the Water t a J4malV Lake at CloSeburn, i7s the Shire of Dumfrics; by Sir Tllomas Kilpa trickX of ClofeburlzX Bert. p. S2I
IXXIII. Sccots of the Irreg?wlarities of the ldes at Chatham, SheerneSs, Woolwicb, and Depr- ford? in Feb. s756. Comnisated by the Rt. Ho. G>rgc Lord AnSon, F. R. S. > 52g.
IFXXtV. Arvognts of tbe Irregularities of the fI>ides in the Riter Tlwames, on the I 2th and X 3th of Fcbruary, I7f6. Commanirated 6y Robert Ding- IcyX E:f4; F. R. & p. S3°
IXXV. Thozhts an the Reg3eread Dr. Hales's new Method of 1Diflillatian by the snited Foree of Sir a7zd Fire. ty William Brownrigg, M. D. 21.R.S. - P St4
LXXVI. ExtraA of a Letter to the Res. Dr. Hales, F. R. S. firom Gorternor BeXchel's Lady; dated Elizabeth-town, New-Jerfey Oft. 2 2,
17SS;
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C O N tr E N T S. 17fSy cnnceraing an extrvoraC/trY Atozioa n the ^ters in the Jake Ontario in NcrtlA Anre- rica. 1) S4^4
IXXVII. A ExtraA of a Letter fia^^7? 11:?bW (ro v<insa Fer of the Ho to hZS 1e. Ef tXe SPrince ef Orallre, Liatenant-Ge7Zetv1 Com- ndvst ,>f the Fortest conrern7ng an Ea*Wtth
Xak felt (y hi<bf dt the Hue} cn MTe .nif- uay the 1 8th of Feb. l 7 56. W?z/Ia * edfRow the Frctlcll} and sowmPnsxtezl by tEe Rev. Willian Parker, ED. D. ;:R. S. P S+4
I;XXVIII. A ognt of an Eartbake fFlt in Holland Peb. 18 I756; inaLetlrerfrotnMoq/: A'lamand, (Provr ef Stgral SPhilthy vt Levdcn, bnd X . IS: to Mr. Trembltys F. k. s D¢afed at Icyden, Fel. 27, t756. lRr49ted fiom the FXerich. P f4S-
LXXlX. An Arognt tf the Eartkqgakafkit at Brulibls; zn a lJetterf om Jolln PrlilUle, M: q>. R R. & to Thomas Birch, i). i;). F. R. S.
p sA6. LXX+ Sn Acognt of the SinOttg of a River nevr
Pcutypool n Monmout}lihire; in a Letter f om . E.dward Matthews, to the Comsoners of *
the Ex@. p. 547. IWXXXI. An Arronent (?f the Xgitatton of tApe Zua-
ters, a7s tke 1/? of Novemlzer I75f) in Scot- land and at Hamburall. Cknmxrgicated br Jolln Prin<tleX M; 2). R R. & ioa a Ivetter to Thoulas
Bircilt CD. D. Sbsret. R. S. p S5° EXXXIT. llhoopixl Obf rqvats . In a Letter
fRom Ed ward Writht, E/+; to Z. lctcr Collin- fon, F. A S. dSt;d at Parss, D-ecember 2 62 X 7SwS
P SS3* LXXXtII
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C O N T E N T S.
lXX-fIll h wfrcsant af a C>re of a paraSytic Jrm by EleArici,+y * fn a Letter frctn Cbc1 icy Hart? Mw D. to Mr. Ahrillialll NATatlon, F. R. S.
p. 5y8. LXXXIV. Obfertvazions 7nade upon the Brim{i.)ne-
Hill gin Frcnch La SoufEriere) zn the l/Mand of Glladclupa; by John Andrebw Peyflonnei, 1lS D. Menwber of the Roydl iMcadewies of Jciences ff Paris and Montpelier, and of Mal ftilles and Ronen; the Kzag of France's sPhyJ4aiaJ and Botar1iJ? heretofbre on the CoaJO of Baltbary, and now in the IJ7and of Guadclupa, F. R. S. I$ranJ- lated jrom tbe Erench by M. Maty, M. D. and F. JR S. p. y64.
LXXXVI. ANcroant of the Earthqke, felt February s8, aZong the C>o/h of EnDlallds between Alar- gate and Doner, in d Letter from Mr. Samuel WarrcnX S?tperviJwor of En¢riJoe, to Jolln NVindham iBowyer, Q; one of his Majefly;s Commi0*oners %;Extev (;oxningnicated by Johrs Pringle, M. D
R P f79 LXXXV1I. Reenarks or the Stones, in the C:ogntry
of NaSau, and the ?Cerritories of Trentes and ftolenX refremblxng thoft of the £iants CauSey in Ireland. In 4 lLetter to Thomas Birch, D. D. Sevret. R. S ];om Mr. Abrahatn Trelubley, F 1n S travlwted fFoxn the Frcnch. p. y8 X .
LXXXVIIt. Xn J¢ agnt af a AYork pgbAiphed in Italian by Vitaliano0Donatit 1z. D. {onfaininr, An lSEay towards a Natural HiRory of the Adri- atic Sea: B*y i1Sr. Abraham Tre1nblEy, F. R S. SranJted from th¢ Frencll, 6y Thomas BirchX D.iO. b5aar.R.S. p S8s.
LXXXIX.
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C O N T E N T S. LXXX-IS. X D0ert4tion ton % Parthian CoZZt,
^itb CharaSers oa the Ret-erJ°e reJyez61ing thofe og tEpe Palillyrenes. In 4 lJetter froz the Re7U. Jolin Ssvi-nton, M. a. 0g ChriPt-Church, Oxon. F. R. S. to the Rev. rhomas Birch, O. Si), Secretw R. S. P S93
XC. X Catalogae of the FiEry Plants JEom Cheltea Garden, preJqented to the Royal Society, by the tworJhpful C'om?pany of Spotheraries, for the Sevr 17SS, pgrMixant to the sDiredion of Sir Hans Sloane, Baronet, Med. Reg. dr Sor. Ret. n¢per sPrdes, by John Wilmer, M. D. slarig; Socie- tahs (Pharmvsegt. Lond. Socigs, Hart. CIlelf. TrefeSgs 6 traleaor Botan. p. 607.
XC1. ExtraP} of a Letter from vI)r. Vitaliano Do- - nati, 'Profor of Botany at Turin to MrX Abra-
ham Trombley, F. R. 3. {ancernirg tbe Evrth- qgakes felt at TurinX December 9, I7f5X and March 8,- I7. rranSated fros the Xtalian.
p. 6I2. gCII. Xn Srvognt of a owtinued SsxccgOSon of
E;arthqsake at Brigue r Valais. IErstten by tbe ReAor af tte College of yeJgits al; Brigue, and vidreffied to MonJ. Jalabcrt, Por of SPhi- lo.fophy and Matheznatrs at Genes a3 and }: R. S.
and rounmunicated by Mr. Abraham Trembley} F. R. S. 7EranJlated frotn the Latin. p. 6x6.
XCIII. EitrfaA of v Letter af XoEf: la Conda- mine, F R. 3. t uDr. Maty, E. R. S. tragJZated fron the Prench. p. 622,
XC1V. O;0ervations spon the CsBrrewts of the Sea, at the AntiRes of America :- ty 0r. PeyXonnel, F. R. S. p 624.
XCV.
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C O N T E N T S.
ICV. AnkogntefLacetta (Crocodiltls) scntIc. marfupio donato, fiucibus Afler>allferis roRru zlutllantibus. * Mr. George EdwrardsX Librv rxozn to the Callege f iP29ans . p 639
XCVI. =4zs Abrort f an Xa1 ttatox of tJse SeF, at Ildfirconlbe} xn Devontllire, Fcb 27 I 7S6. By tfye Req:. Mr. Princew of Bartlllalzlc C07n m;WnNtei by the Res. Jerelmiah MlllcsX D. Dt Ft R. iS: p. G42 .
XCVll. E£SA of a Letter f om the Rev. Mr Holdfwortll, vt DartmouthX reSi7gg to the idr- tatxon qf zbe IYAters orsed th3ere 07; tDe Movetnber} I 7SS Coivated F the lies. Jeremiah Milless i). O. E R. & ps C43.
X(2VIII. An accoxnt ef 4 Method ?f ovrwng the wonderfil ConMiggrvin of the /ixalM fSinzng Tartteles of 3now, wtth fqueraG F>res ?f thenw. ty Jolln Ncttis, SoAor of 5Ph,t, and 0X ta Se Re>zablic of Middlcburg, irc. rranted froz the Latiu. p. 6++*
XC 1X. an H{¢o«hnt of the Copper-s/przngs la>Z3 dt zvered n Pcnntylvallla: tyJollll Rutey, M af DulJlin Cbmasnicted e Mr. Petcr ColIin anX E R. S; p. 6+8*
C. EstrvA of a Letter frotn the ztb6S Mazeas; I;: R. eS'* xnverxiag an nnrzent Methad ef 7PaDnts znot revived F C:otnt Caylus. Wa7*ted fiog tS Frencll e Jaules Parlbns, 1t! i). F. R. &
p. 6y2. Cl. Obf rtations on the Abbe blazeas's lJerter on
the Ckgnt de Caylus SIethod of iitattGg Se wrarient Pating in bsrnt Was: e Jalmes Par- I-011S, 21. D. }r.>R. S P 6SS
h3t. 4p. b C'ItP A
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C O N T E N T S. CJI fi Avogn; of the lvte EarthqgaAes filt vt
hlacftricht > tn 4 Lettr fiAo? XoaJ: Vernedcs ,fflor tf the Wallon Ckgrch ttere, t3 Mo72/: Ai.ctnalidX 29r o/£ WPbiAofbpby vt Lewdcit7 PX R. & Gozxn?nirated Qy lt#* AlarIzanl Trelwo bl}tx i R. & lnnted fes tbe Frcilch.
p. 66> CIIt. A A6r0nat < the tatign < the Sa at
A ntiguaX Nost X , 7*f S Br fLapt Afflcck qf the ^Yice Mvx af Mar. Comnevated hy Charies GravX EWo; R R. S; tx 4 Letter to Mr; \\illianl E;atfoIlX F. R. & p 66&.
C1Nt An ftozxzx of a rewarAdble FW n a Leo ttr #titt E. srard XVriglwt, M i). to- . Pct<x Coiliafon} F. R. & p. 670.
tNr 2Z Arosatd Ste Ortllaaratitcs: lif a Letter 7n7ozw Ettsvard NVri>llt; M; i;). to lld>. P<evr Col- lil3bn, F. R. S. p. 672.
C+stl X RetraAttor, 6y Mr. Ben jamitz \Vilfon, i: 1e. S. ef hzs fbransr Opirfls} ca8 razng tDe >icati3n f the Leyden Experiment. p.
6S2* C\tlf dn A>cwc8+ffit nf th¢ extrvorE7SU dg¢atian
uxf the tYaters iveral WPonds in PlcrtfotdMire: ] v l,etsrfRow t/::e Rev. Thomas Rurlletfbltll} O. fD F. R. 54 to tle Rev. Sal<uel Squ;re} D.D F*1e.& p.¢84S.
CVIII. 0 Sie Covroations Ofa a drvqght of twa large pitrer < I>evg wtth Ronzan lwreptxons apon theas} toxnd*Juveral 7 rs ve in Yorkffwire.
By tohn NX ard, LL.s. RDet. Gre. and
Y;t*2.* p. 686. C1X. ko E>s vWrd tO the SRev. James
Bradley,
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C O N T E N T S. Bradlcy, a W. d wrow". Reg. y St. tharles Wattnei:ley} R R, S: P 7tO.
GX. a yoxrnal ef labe Mather xe Dallulin pr tbe Dvr I753i e lElr Jallles silmollJ-E 2*& Rad 57.< p 7fg
CXI Sn Aroant tf what hvvened at Bvrgelllo- lette, e the tambb?g dowx of sagt Hws tf .SXow f OtS Se Xns * on March x9, s75S: 2 Sken e the Intenfie of Se Swn and Prvve7tce of Cunco. Red firo EZ)rh Jofepll Bruazi, Prr (?f Pkilphy h T-tlrinX a?d R R. & Cotnmgnrated ty Mr. Henry Bakcr F. R S. lSaoted fRons the ltalian. p. 796,
WXt . Sn Wk Xat offAme of the nore rare Entli(h P>vts o6fkrved tn LeiceRcrthire. p. Sog
t CXII. ad Lptter Xrow m lohn Ellis} F: R. S. X Pllilip Cartcrct \Veblr, ; R R. S. atteg to aJFertxn tbe 7ree that r the cowrnon Srn ti/2d in Chila avdJapalz; to prounote tt.s PrvaWatzon tn our ltmcI*icall C;oloaies; vad tn Aet rtght Asne Ma B niJ?s qppxr to bn-<r entertained concerrsZ7zg it. p 8Q6*
tX11t. X Letter to G¢orge Icxvis Scott mazreX voncerntag the prizt XcrH of tlte (Pea.e i.s;
ritaill and lreland: Wrons \\til iaul BalAclar,,c, sD. CD ReHor of St. Micl+)abl l3alEsthasrX Lolltlc¢l> vnd ER.& p 877*
CXIV. X lvner ta th Resrend \5Zillialn Brsakcn- ridee i). fZ). ReP*07 vf St. Alie:liacl Bafli0aamrX and F: R. & with a 7AbAe of tkve Zilae of >Sn- axitS on tttesX by Mr. Iames Dodfoll} ilwer < the R^9yal AIatheS/ SahooZ xn Clarif\Jsa Holpitala aad F. R> S: p 8#91 +
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G O N T E N T S. CXV. Sn Scvount of an Earthqgake felt at Colen,
LcigeX Mae(iricht, eir on tte Igth of Nontember, I 756 : In a Letter froe Sr. Abrahanl Trembley, l+1.R.S. toThomasBirct-s. I).D. Serretarytothe lloyal Society. TranJZatedfroag the Frencb. p.
893 CXVI. Sn MIcrognt of a Treati/ e, in Latin, pre-
fented and dedisvted to the Royal SocietyX ixti- t?hled, sc Gcattlob Caroli Springsfeld, M. D. &c. " &c. comtnentatio de prwrogativa Thermarllm cc Carolinarum in diXolvendo calculo vefcz pra: " aqua calcis vivz," by Mr. Williatn NVatfon,, llMem6er of the Royal Xcadenyy of 7 Thy/saians at Madrids and F. . ' . 8.9y.
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