Front Matter

Front MatterSource: Sewage Works Journal, Vol. 20, No. 3 (May, 1948)Published by: Water Environment FederationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25030848 .

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SEWAGE WORKS

JOURNAL

vol. xx MAY, 1948 No. 3

Special Features

Effect of Temperature on Oxidation?Gotaas

Digester Capacity Requirements?Rankin

Bacteriological Aspects of H2S Production?Heukelekian

Yeast Production from SWL?Tyler and Maske

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE

FEDERATION OF SEWAGE WORKS ASSOCIATIONS



JMake Plans to Attend

The Twenty-First Annual Meeting

OF THE

Federation of

Sewage Works Associations

IN CONJUNCTION WITH

Michigan

Sewage Works Association

Statler Hotel

Detroit, Michigan

October 18-21, 1948

Federation of Sewage Works Associations 325 Illinois Building Champaign, Illinois



SEWAGE WORKS JOURNAL

The Chicago Wide-Band Air Diffusion

System using Swing Diffusers is estab

lished as the criterion of superior aera

tion performance in activated sludge

sewage treatment plants because ....

Swing diffusers can be raised to tank walk for rearrange

ment, addition or removal of tubes, or tube cleaning.

Tanks need not be drained.

Control orifice provides uniform air distribution to dif

fuser tubes.

Tubes are located two feet above tank floor . . . blower

discharge pressure is proportionately reduced.

Wide band of fine bubbles prevents coalescing, increases

contact volume and contact period between air and mixed

liquor.

The Wide-Band system, having greater air lift effect, de

velops better tank circulation characteristics.

Tapered aeration is readily effected ... adjustment of tube

arrangement and air supply can be made to meet oxygen

demand.

Operating results from over a hundred successful installations

verify these statements. Swing diffusers may be installed to replace obsolete systems. The logical choice for new

plants or for expanding present facilities.

CHICAGO PUMP COMPANY SEWAGE EQUIPMENT DIVISION

2314 WOLFRAM STREET ^^^^s CHICAGO 18, ILLINOIS

Flush-Kleen, Scru-Peller, Plunger, Horizontal and Vertical Non-Clogs, Water Seal Pumping Units, Samplers.

Swing Diffusers, Stationary Diffusera. Mechanical Aerators, Combination Aerator-Clarifiers, Commlnutors.



FEDERATION OF SEWAGE WORKS ASSOCIATIONS

PRESIDENT

George S. Russell

Russell and Axon

408 Olive St. St. Louis, Mo.

VICE-PRESIDENT

V. M. Ehlers

Chief Sanitary Engineer State Department of Health

Austin 2, Texas

TREASURER

W. W. DeBerard

City Engineer 402 City Hall Chicago, Illinois

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY-EDITOR

W. H. Wisely

325 Illinois Building Champaign, Illinois

ADVISORY EDITOR

F. W. Mohlman

Director of Laboratories

The Sanitary District of Chicago 910 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago, Illinois

DIRECTORS

Arizona: Ruskin T. Gabuner (1949) Argentina: E. B. Besselievre (1943)* Arkansas: F. L. McDonald (1949) California: Richard D. Pomeroy (1950) Canada: R. J. Desmarais (1949) Central States: C. C. Larson (1948) Dakota: Roy G. Spieker (1949) Federal: Lawrence M. Fisher (1950) Florida: B. F. Borden (1950) Georgia: H. A. Wyckoff (1947)* Inst. San. Eng. (Eng.): G. S. McDonald (1950) Inst. Sew. Pur. (Eng.): W. F. Freeborn (1950) Iowa: John L. Strelow (1950) Kansas: P. E. Kaler (1948) Kentucky-Tennessee: James Ellis (1949) Maryland-Delaware: R. E. Fuhrman (1948) Michigan: W. F. Shephard (1949) Missouri: W. Q. Kehr (1948) Montana: K. L. Chrysler (1950) New England: L. W. Van Kleeck (1948) New Jersey: P. N. Daniels (1948) New York: E. J. Smith (1948) North Carolina: George S. Rawlins (1949) Ohio: A. H. Niles (1948) Oklahoma: Frank S. Taylor (1950) Pacific Northwest: C. M. Howard (1950) Pennsylvania: L. D. Matter (1949) Puerto Rico: Alberto Hernandez (1950) Rocky Mountain: W. V. Leonard (1948) Switzerland: W. Dardel (1951) Texas: E. J. M. Berg (1948) Virginia: L. L. Hedgepeth (1950)

West Virginia: K. S. Watson (1950) At Large: Harold F. Gray (1948) At Large: A. F. Dappert (1949) At Large: Don E. Bloodgood (1950) W. and S. Wks. Mfgrs.: Linden Stuart (1948) W. and S. Wks. Mfgrs.: A. E. Paxton (1949) W. and S. Wks. Mfgrs.: W. J. Orchard (1950) Ex-Officio: F. S. Friel Ex-Officio: M. M. Cohn Ex-Officio: Earnest Boyce Ex-Officio: C. C. Larson Ex-Officio: Willem Rudolfs * Successor not yet designated.

SEWAGE WORKS JOURNAL REO. U. S. PAT. OPP.

A bimonthly Journal devoted to the advancement of fundamental and practical knowledge concerning the nature, collection, treatment and disposal of sewage and industrial wastes, and the design, construction, operation and manage ment of such works.

PUBLICATION OFFICE

Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa.

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE OFFICES 325 Illinois Bldg., Champaign, 111. Send all manuscripts, advertising copy, subscriptions, address changes, etc.

to this address.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES Members of local sewage works associations affiliated with the Federation, $3.00 per year. Non-members: U. S. and Canada, $5.00 per year; other countries, $6.00. (Foreign subscriptions must be

accompanied by International Money Order.)

Single copies: United States, $1.00 each; Foreign, $1.25 each.

CLAIMS

No claims will be allowed for copies of Journals lost in the mails unless such claims are received within sixty (60) days of the date of issue and no claims will be allowed for issues lost as a result of insufficient notice of change

of address. "Missing from files" cannot be accepted as the reason for honoring a claim.

MAILING PERMIT Entered as second-class matter, May 7, 1934, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in the Act of February 28, 1925, embodied in part 4, Section 538, P. L. & R., authorized October 4, 1945.



SEWAGE WORKS JOURNAL 3

IN A NUTSHELL, HERE'S THE ANSWER:

METERING INDICATES THE PRESENCE OF UNUSUAL QUANTITIES OF

SURFACE OR GROUND WATER.

METERING FURNISHES INFORMATION ON WHICH TO ESTIMATE FUTURE

FLOWS AND THE NEED FOR ADDITIONAL TREATING FACILITIES.

Sewage flow per capita daily

Detention period in tanks

Total solids handled

Sludge per million gallons of sewage

Cost of pumping sewage per million foot-gallons and treatment per million gallons

Sewage treated per unit area ? by trickling filters, contact beds, intermittent sand

filters, sedimentation tanks, etc.

Organic load, hourly and daily, on sewage plant and the water receiving effluent

METERING INDICATES OPERATING PROCEDURE.

Need for by-passing sewage

Quantity of chemicals for coagulating purposes

Quantity of chlorine or hypochlorite of lime required

Quantity of activated sludge to return to aeration tanks

Quantity of air for grease removal and activated sludge process

Number of pumps and treatment units to operate

Throughout the country, sewage treatment plants, large and small, depend on Builders Meters for accurate metering. For bulletins, address Builders-Providence, Inc., (Division of Builders Iron Foundry),28 Codding Street, Providence 1, R. I.

'Based on "Sewage Treatment Works" by C. E. Keefer.

BUILDERS

PRODUCTS

Venturi, Propeloflo and

Orifice Meters Type M

and Flo-Watch Instruments

Venturi'Filter and Wash

Water Controllers and

Gauges Master Control

lers Kennison Nozzles

Chronoflo Telemeters

Conveyoflo Meters

Wheeler Filter Bottoms

Filter Operating Tables.

BUILDERsi^PROVIDENCE



4 SEWAGE WOBKS JOUENAL

FSWA MEMBER ASSOCIATIONS Argentina Society of Engineers, Sanitary

Engineering Div. Edmund B. Besselievre, FSWA Contact Member Juez Estrada 2840 Buenos Aires, Argentina

Arizona Sewage and Water Works Assn.* Mrs. Helen Rothaus, Sec.-Treas. c/o Sanitary Engineering Div. Arizona State Dept. of Health Capitol Building Phoenix, Ariz.

Arkansas Water and Sewage Conf.* Dr. Harrison Hale, Sec.-Treas. 118 Chemistry Bldg.

Fayetteville, Ark. California Sewage Works Assn.

L. H. Cook, Sec.-Treas. Box 696 Menlo Park, Calif.

Canadian Institute on Sewage and Sani

tation Dr. A. E. Berry, Sec.-Treas. Ontario Dept. of Health Sanitary Engineering Div. Toronto 8, Ontario, Canada

Central States Sewage Works Assn. Paul W. Reed, Sec.-Treas. 1098 W. Michigan St. Indianapolis 7, Ind.

Dakota Water and Sewage Works Conf. North Dakota Section*

Jerome H. Svore, Sec.-Treas. c/o State Dept. of Health Bismarck, N. Dak.

South Dakota Section* W. W. Towne, Sec.-Treas. c/o Div. of Sanitary Engineering State Board of Health Pierre, S. Dak.

Federal Sewage Research Assn. Ralph C. Graber, Sec.-Treas. c/o USPHS, Room 4122 Federal Security Bldg., So., Washington 25, D. C.

Florida Sewage Works Assn. John G. Patterson, Sec.-Treas. Florida State Board of Health P. O. Box 210 Jacksonville, Fla.

Georgia Water and Sewage Assn.9" V. P. Enloe, Sec.-Treas. R.F.D. #7, Box 372 Atlanta, Ga.

Iowa Sewage Works Assn. Leo Holtkamp, Sec.-Treas. E. Ohio St. Webster City, Iowa

Institution of Sanitary Engineers Edward H. Webb, Secretary 118 Victoria St.

Westminster, S.W. 1 London, England

Institute of Sewage Purification J. H. Garner, Federation Contact Member 28 Aberford Road

Wakefield, Yorks, England Kansas Sewage Works Assn.

James B. Arbuthnot, Sec.-Treas. c/o State Board of Health

Marvin Hall University of Kansas Lawrence, Kan.

Kentucky-Tennessee Industrial Wastes and Sewage Works Assn,

R. Paul Farrell, Sec.-Treas. 420 Sixth Ave., N.

Nashville 3, Tenn.

Maryland-Delaware Water and Sewerage Assn.*

Miss E. Virginia Gipe, Sec.-Treas. c/o State Dept. of Health 2411 N. Charles St. Baltimore, Md.

Sewage Works Section.

Michigan Sewage Works Assn. D. M. Pierce, Sec.-Treas. Michigan Dept. of Health Room 334 Administration Bldg. Lansing 4, Michigan

Missouri Water and Sewerage Conf.* Warren Kramer, Sec.-Treas. c/o State Office Bldg. Jefferson City, Mo.

Montana Sewage Works Assn. H. B. Foote, Sec.-Treas. Div. of Sanitary Engineering State Board of Health Helena, Montana

New England Sewage Works Assn. Walter E. Merrill, Sec.-Treas. c/o State Dept. of Health 511-A State House Boston, Mass.

New Jersey Sewage Works Assn. Michael S. Kachorsky, Sec.-Treas. P. O. Box 2&S Manville, N. J.

New York State Sewage Works Assn. A. F. Dappert, Sec. c/o State Dept. of Health

Albany, N. Y.

North Carolina Sewage Works Assn. G. S. Moore, Sec.-Treas. P. O. Box 125 Albemarle, N. C.

Ohio Conference on Sewage Treatment G. A. Hall, Sec.-Treas. 302 Dept. of State Bldg. Columbus, Ohio

Oklahoma Water and Sewage Conf.* H. J. Darcey, Sec.-Treas. State Dept. of Health Oklahoma City 5, Okla.

Pacific Northwest Sewage Works Assn. W. P. Hughes, Sec.-Treas. City Engineer's Office Lewis ton, Idaho

Pennsylvania Sewage and Industrial Wastes Assn.

B. S. Bush, Sec.-Treas. c/o Pennsylvania Dept. of Health

Kirby Health Center Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

Puerto Rico Water and Sewage Works Assn.

Manuel Vinas-Sorba, Sec.-Treas. 1555 Francia St.

Santurce, Puerto Rico

Rocky Mountain Sewage Works Assn. Carroll H. Coberly, Sec.-Treas. Room 329 1441 Welton St.

Denver 2, Colo.

Swiss Assn. of Water and Sewage Pro fessionals Walter Dardel, FSWA Contact Member Aarberg (Berne), Switz.

Texas Sewage Works Section V. M. Ehlers, Sec.-Treas. 501 W. 33rd St.

Austin, Tex.

Virginia Industrial Wastes and Sewage Works Assn.

A. H. Paessler, Sec.-Treas. 815 E. Franklin St. Richmond 19, Va.

West Virginia Sewage and Industrial Wastes Association

R. G. McCall, Sec.-Treas. State Department of Health Rm. 643, State Capitol Charleston 5, W. Va.




SEWAGE TYPE VENTURI TUBES

METERS RECTANGULAR CHART.

TYPE

CONTROLLERS

k FOR CLARIFIED SEWAGE

42 Yews

Leadership IN THE SEWAGE WORKS FIELD

TYPES PARABOLIC FLUME

METERS CIRCULAR

CHART TYPE

PARSHALL FLUME LINERS

AIR DRIVE ARRANGEMENTS PROPORTIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

SUMMATION DEVICES SPECIAL MEASURING EQUIPMENT

CHEMICAL FEED CONTROLS

Write for free bulletins to the Simplex Valve & Meter Co., 6719 Upland St., Phila. 42, Pa.

s imp LEX VALVE AND METER COMPANY




what if your

gate valves fail? It is always possible that your gate valves will be called on to meet an

emergency. Flood, pollution, catastrophic fire?will your gate valves

work, and save the situation?

Because of what could happen, many communities insist on R. D.

Wood Gate Valves. They base their preference on performance-records over the years. And the simplicity of the design inspires their confi

dence; for the internal mechanism contains only 3 moving parts?the

spreader and discs. Free to turn on the trunnions, the discs distribute

the wear rather than taking it in one place. They lift into the bonnet

without drag. In closing, they are thrust from the center?from the

hub?and are pushed on to their brass seats without distortion. No

pockets to collect scale and sediment. When the valve is open there is

an unobstructed passageway for water.

Give your community this extra measure of security. Specify the time

proved R. D. Wood Gate Valves. ^j

R. D. WOOD COMPANY Public Ledger Building, Independence Square,

Philadelphia 5, Pa.

Manufacturers of Mathews Hydrants and "Sand-Spun" Pipe (Centrifugally Cast in Sand Molds)

High-strength cast iron.

Fully bronze-mounted.

Rigidly inspected, tested to 300 lbs. hydro static pressure.

Conforming to A. W. W. A. specifications.

Sizes from 2" to 30".




IS SCREENING LIQUIDS

YOUR PROBLEM? Link-Belt sanitary equipment engineers with their vast

experience in screening liquids, are prepared to help you with your particular problems, and to recommend and

supply the correct type, of coarse, medium or fine screen.

Write or call our nearest branch office for detailed infor

mation on any of the following types of screens:

HOISTING MOTOR

rSCREENINCS TROUGH

7*

TRASH SCREENS

?for the removal of large floating particles from large volumes of water, for the protection of fine water screens or other water plant or power plant equipment.

STRAIGHTLINE SCREENS

?for the removal of solids over Vi inch size from sewage or indus trial liquids.

afeCHf**

TRASH SCREEN WITH

MECHANICAL RAKE

VIBRATING SCREENS

TRITOR SCREENS

?for the removal of fine solids from in dustrial liquids.

?for the removal of both grit and floating solids or other detritus from waste waters.

In addition to screens, Link-Belt Company manufactures a complete line of equipment for water, sewage and in dustrial waste treatment such as Straightline and Circu line sludge collectors, grit collectors and washers, mixers, scum breakers, aerators, dryers, power transmitting, ele

vating and conveying machinery. Send for catalogs.

LINK-BELT COMPANY Chicago 9, Indianapolis 6, Philadelphia 40, Atlanta, Dallas 1, Minneapolis 5, San Francisco 24, Los Angeles 33, Seattle 4, Toronto 8.

Offices in Principal Cities. 10.743-A

LINK OBELT SCREENS-COLLECTORS-MIXERS AERATORS



8 SEWAGE WORKS JOURNAL

CHAPMAN

STANDARD

SLUICE

mean QUICKER INSTALLATION

and MINIMUM MAINTENANCE

Chapman Standard Sluice Gates are easy to install

. . . easy to maintain . . .

easy to operate. They are

standardized to meet all the usual conditions, and

quicker installation and less maintenance are assured

because all stems and couplings are completely in

terchangeable ... no

match-marking is necessary.

Repair and replacement parts can be speedily

installed in the field without alterations.

What's more, you can get Chapman Sluice Gates

with any type of operating control ? manual, hy

draulic cylinder, or motor unit. The motor unit

is completely enclosed and weatherproof; it is

wired at the factory, and installation is simply a

matter of connecting the power leads. Write today

for complete information.

TH E C HAPMAN VALVE INDIAN ORCHARD




MANUFACTURING COMPANY MASSACHUSETTS




How tort? ? NSPOSM.

YOU

CAN COUNT on minimum excavation costs with

Transite* Sewer Pipe because Transite has an exceptionally high flow capacity (n = .010).

This often permits the use of flatter grades and shallower trenches. This is a particularly important advantage where rock excavation is involved or where the pipe must be laid at or be low the ground water line.

As an alternate economy, de

signers often take advantage of Transite's high flow capacity by specifying smaller diameter pipe.

Transite Offers Other Econo

mies, Too. Right from the start, this pipe helps you cut sewage Reg. U. S. Pat. Off.

disposal costs. Long 13-foot lengths and light weight mean lower handling costs. And fewer

joints to assemble in the finished line result in faster, more eco nomical installation.

Transite Reduces Treatment Costs. As a further economy, tight sleeve-type joints guard effectively against infiltration... reduce the load on the treat

ment plant. Thus, treatment costs are kept low . . . and plant capacity can be conserved for the increased loads incident to future community growth.

Transite Cuts Maintenance Costs. Made of asbestos and ce ment combined into a homoge

neous material of great stability, Transite Sewer Pipe is corrosion resistant both inside and outside.

Tight joints safeguard against root trouble. And every Transite

length is factory-tested for

strength and uniformity. This adds up to low annual main tenance costs through the years.

Get All The Facts About Tran site. If you are seeking ways to lower sewage disposal costs, you'll be interested in the many economies Transite Sewer Pipe can offer you. Send for free bro chure containing further engi neering data. Address Johns

Manville, Box 290, New York

16, New York.

Johns-Nlonville NS-MANVOlt

m ?KOtVCTI 7rt?/?s/fe SewerPfie




sewage sludge

incinerator to be

contracted for

by

any municipality

since the war

has been awarded

by the city of

Fall River

Massachusetts, to

NICHOLS ENGINEERING ? RESEARCH CORP.

60 Wall Tower, New York 5, N.Y. In Canada: University Tower Bldg., Montreal



ondary tanks . . . set-ups for large and small plants . . . ; X ;:f: tE::f7:; E ^^^w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..... . . . ...... .~~~~~~~~~~~~E::::--0. 0., 0.0:':-.r-ij' -:: ;::.- --.00.-00.f 40;

s p eci f ica t ion s . . .. ..... outstanding features photographs -;-- i {{ X- -; ;0--00X;0- X0 ;iit00~~~~~~..... ..... .... .... ... ....... .- laS ;0007 . 0000;0.-.-i-; ;---04;-. .;-00000000-f-0 0 . fA;;t 000>- 0~~~~~~.........

o f in s tal l ati o ns ......... data on auxiliary equipment ........................ 1 -; >>t.00~~~~~~~~~~~. . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. .. l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... ..... .......... ......... l ---.--............flA

|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r~~ ;i::ii' ::--;:

Bulletin No. 57-9 iS a book that was written to help 1k | [> - ................ ffi ~~~. . ... . ............ ~t'..'w ...: 9

f o r yo u r fr e e co p y to d a y. Address Chain Belt Com- R R .... f .-,.,, ...... :; .:f.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,,,,.,.,,,::aS:2gg~~~~~~~~~~~. . .. . .. . .. . . .

s s .. . . ... . ... s .Zffif., Ef,> ,.a, .............................................. ;< <V.;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. . . . .. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . .

"'''"''.'1, _ !~ '=':::'::: :: ' ::':?1 _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:: ::_ ::: rrf:::: IFi - --

1..'"-..0-?~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... ..................

_ _ : . . ..:..::. .... _ .. ... ..... ....

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:.:. -::;:::::::i, :;?I;:;??-:d~~~~~~~. ...... .. i'j:::::::::-:ii ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~:I:::::::I:;j~ ~ ....... . .. . . ...... ....... ... ..................

. . . . .. . . ....:: ??:: ??:: ??:: ..... .........'"''''':";:'

''''Biiiii~~~~~~i~~ii~~~~l;~~~ iwsjiiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiii~~~~~~~~~~~jr. ............... :r::::~~:::?::?:: ? :.:::.::.: ::::: ::.:::: :::. . . ......

:::::::::: ::: :::::?:: :::: -: ::I:I -:.-- :I: Iliij i.i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..... ..

?::::: ::-:::.1 i:a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i....... ......

s c v o ::::::i :Il:l:::I:i l,~iiii ::~a~i~:::: l~ 'o r lllliiiiiiil::::::: :j::::::::::::~~~~ a;aaiil:r:i,:i::-:::::I:::-:::::-:I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-::r::-::l: -.-..- :? :::: : ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- __:i---:i- ..... ... . .......

..... . ........... . ..:ii?I 'L .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . iiii'liijiijii~:i~~ii'iliiiiiiiliiili -Bi;li:ii;iii'I,iiii:-i:i:ili : ::i:':''':''::: '::: :::'''--:'':-:'''::'''I:.:::?:'': ::: ~iiii.i~iiiii~iji........... ......... ..........ii3 p ? ... . ..... . ............iiii:iii :

'r'i:i:l-i'li:i'i'ili''Qili'ili'lil :i:iji/jl-,iiji:j:jii:ii~lil? :~~~ili: .... . .................... .... . ......... ... .... ... ..........i:::::

"ms:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;1:i ..::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. ...... ... .......~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~u::: : iiiii8i:iR ::,:::::::::.:.:.:... : : :- :.::: -.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~........ about sedimentation with R ex

Conveyor Sludge ........ ...... .......... .. ..... ..l~ii#isilliliiliiiiiliiiii :: :::~I

Collectors in this new Booklet.

Facts and figures ..........~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i~~ii.ii:iii~lii.iiiii::ijj

.. . .. . . .. .... .. .. . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . ... ~~:j::-:-::-:-:: :::-':?:::::::::~~~~~~~~~~~::;:I:i:: :::i:::i:::::i:i:i::i:i:i..... ... .. .................

............

r: ifjjiiii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~............. ....... ............ .. ... .......... .... .. . . ..... ~ ~ ~ : that will help you plan your specifications are at . ..... .S~~:i:::l::SI::::::::::i:::::::l

your finger tips. Plan and sectional views of typicalrrlrafs~ and special single and multiple primary and sec- an~~~llrtfb

:'Qi Wi" si''

ondary tanks ... et-ups for largeand small plants...

............ .......... .. . ...... ..... ..................

thtwl epyupa orspecifications .. ustnigfetrs..poorah ......

ondary tanks...set-ups for large and small plants...~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..... .. ...... specifications...outstanding featu~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?es...photograph.......... ....

of installations . data on auxiliary equipm ent . ....... ............ .. ...... ..........

and many other important items are covered. :::i:::: Iauiiiilmi ij amela-~~~i?ii ~~~iiiii~~~iili j~~::?:?~~~?:i?:?:.?;:.... .. .. ::::::::::::::: 'il: i:iiiiii : .......... 1M.,: 1::? ........... ............................. Ab~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~?: .. . . . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .

?:~~~iiiiiiii:~~~~~~~Z:i ~ ~ ~ c~~'~~:'id~~~~'~~;:::: ............ . ...... .... .. ....... Bulletin No. 47-9 is a book that was written to help I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ..... .

Builetitct No. 47-9 i a book tht was written to help ~,~i~i~:i:i:l'~ir'"i: .... ...... ....

for your free copy today. Address Chain Belt Com- f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l~~~~i~~~~i~~~~j~~~~i ~ .... .......... .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .1 . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . pany, 1606 P~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~est Bruce Street, Milwaukee 4, Wis.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~............. .. ... you select the right equip ment for your jobs. Send .................. ........................ .....;:

. . .. . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . .

..............~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::~ ........... ............r~

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for your free co y today. Address Chain Belt Com-~ ~ ~ ~~~~~-""~""i-'''";l'i 6~i~~~S~~ ~~ .




/ Komline - Sanderson

Vacuum Filters

make sludge dewatering easy

KOMLINE-SANDERSON ENGINEERING

CORPORATION

RIDGEWOOD, NEW JERSEY




.1giiigiit!|s

This gate says AND MEANS IT

When you need free outflow with a

positive means of stopping backflow

remember Armco Drainage Gates.

They are the simple, economical way to say "NO" to unwanted water.

Armco Gates have ample strength and durability. They are ideal for

drainage, flood control, sewer out

falls and wherever else water needs to

be controlled. What's more, Armco

Gates will last for years without up

keep or

repairs.

There is a size and type of Armco

Gate to meet almost every require

ment?flap gates that open and close

without supervision; slide gates for

light and heavy duty, and radial gates for maintaining

constant water levels.

They can be adapted to circular or

rectangular openings in sizes ranging from 8 to 120 inches in diameter or

from 8 to 96 inches square. Instal

lation is quickly and easily accom

plished with a small unskilled crew.

You'll find Armco Gates are a

sound investment in protection and

efficiency. Write for prices and com

plete design data. Armco Drainage & Metal Products, Inc., 2855 Curtis

Street, Middletown, Ohio.

w ARMCO DRAINAGE GATES




ACCELO FILTER GIVES YOU MASS ACTION

OF ACTIVE

Myriads of extra active aerobes are

added to the filter by the Accelo Filter

system of Direct Recirculation of the

filter effluent. This produces Mass Ac

tion of aerobic bacteria on the or

ganic matter in sewage.

It is the UNSETTLED trickling filter

effluent returned DIRECTLY to the

filter that provides Mass Action of

aerobic bacteria. Aerobes have a short

span of life even under the most favor

able environment. They must be re

turned to the filter immediately in

order to utilize their activity. Back in

the filter they divide and multiply.

The ACCELO* FILTER system pro

vides Mass Action in trickling filter

plants, and the ACCELO-BIOX*

system provides Mass Action in

activated sludge plants.

Write for more information.

INFILCO Inc., 32 5 West 25th

Place, Chicago 16, Illinois.

*Trade-mark Reg. U. S. Pat. Off.




Dual Sludge Heating

Control System

LEGEND W

T|,T2-Thermometer Controller

T3 -Acratherm Room Thermostat

C -Water Circulator

V -Modutrol Electric Motor ized Valve

A -Immersion Aquastat

Radiator Room

\H To^C3 rrmV, I Heating

j System

Digester

[Boiler |

jV2 Digester l ?2

Note:-Dashed Lines Indicate Electrical Connections (-) Heavy Solid Lines,

Water Circulating System (-)

'?U ToW3

This system uses oil to heat digester water only when there is not

enough digester gas to go around. Oil costs money; gas is free.

The gas-fired boiler is "on the line" at all times. If it cannot

handle the load, the oil-fired boiler is cut in automatically by suitable

temperature controls (Ti & T2) and three-way mixing valves (Vi & V2).

This typical layout demonstrates the flexibility of MH-Brown Con

trols for sewage plant use. They fit into your plans anywhere to per form whatever control function you desire. Complete control of both

processes and buildings can be accomplished at relatively low cost?

backed by the outstanding record for dependability enjoyed by all

Honeywell-Brown products.

Write for your free copy of the interesting new booklet entitled, "Instruments for Treatment of Municipal and Industrial Wastes." It

is chock-full of interesting ideas. Ask for Catalog No. 7301.

THE BROWN INSTRUMENT C0.f 4518 WAYNE AVE., PHILADELPHIA 44, PA.

DIVISION OF MINNEAPOLIS-HONEYWELL REGULATOR CO.

Offices in principal cities of the United States, Canada and throughout the world.

BROWN

Modutrol Motorized Three-Way

Mixing Valve

Honeywell




TAKE SEWAGE DISPOSAL

&(t? COMMUNITY

IS

DEPENDENT ^^'?WAGI

PLANT.

If you had to divert sewage gathering because of fire or explosion in the plant, you can readily imagine the catastrophic results. The best insurance is proper fire prevention. With in

flammable sewage gases, this means adequate and dependable safety devices that are de

signed to prevent flame propagation and ex

plosion. Each of the UVAREC" Approved Safety Devices shown below has a definite

place in your plant. Whether you are design ing a new sewage treatment plant or surveying an old one for fire hazards, insist that depend able "VAREC" Safety Devices be used.

FIGURE 440 "VAREC" Approved PRESSURE RELIEF AND FLAME TRAP ASSEMBLY

Usually installed in waste-gas line, just upstream of Waste-Gas Burner.

FIGURE 450 ?VAREC" Approved FLAME TRAP ASSEMBLY

Usually installed in all gas lines supplying gas utili zation equipment and in line to gas holder and be tween multiple digesters.

FIGURE 50A "VAREC" Approved FLAME ARRESTOR Usually installed between digester dome and Pressure-Vacuum Breaker Valve.

FIGURE 70 "VAREC" Approved EXPLOSION RELIEF VALVE

Usually installed at top of vertical riser upstream of any source of combustion. Can

also be used as an auxiliary pressure relief on digester and gas holder domes.

OTHER "VAREC" Approved SEWAGE GAS CONTROL EQUIPMENT

Pressure Relief and Vacuum Breaker Valves?Pressure

Reducing Regulators?Back Pressure Regulators?Flame Checks?Waste Gas Burners?Manometers?Sediment

Traps?Drip Trap Assemblies.

All "VAREC" Sewage Equip ment is fully described in the "VAREC" S-3 Catalog.

Write for your copy today.

THE VAPOR RECOVER y SYSTEfRS COfflPRIiy COMPTON, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.

NEW YORK C1EVEIAND CHICAGO TUISA HOUSTON 30 Church Streel 1501 Eyelid Ave -122 So. Michigan Ave. , 533 Mayo Building 821A M. & M. Bldg.

Available from Authorized Sewage Equipment Agents throughout U. S. and Canada Coble: VAREC COMPTON (all codes) V<M*'




REMOVAL OF ORGANICS ICLtmumiiuiiu?""'".

uGRir WA$H??J_ J * --.??mmillllll""---.

Satisfactory and efficient grit washing u possible in any size community by

using the Jeffrey system /see draw

ing) of grit collection and washing Our field studies show that for best

results the grit should be collected by one mechanism and washed in a sep arate unit. Automatic control makes it possible to operate each device o

minimum time each day.

L?J-mwoktional ww?

(PATENTED)I

Left ?Jeffrey "JIGRIT" No. 1?a

basket type ?ig for classifying and

removing putrescible solids from sew

age grit in plants of moderate sire.

Capacity ? 20 cubic feet per hour.

90% recovery of inorganic grit. Pro

duces a washed grit that can be used

for fill or dumped anywhere without

nuisance. Also No. 4 "JIGRIT" washer

for washing grit at rate of 1 20 cubic

feet per hour, and No. 9 for 280

cubic feet per hour . . in single units

fully automatic in operation.

Bar Screens Sludge Collectors Sludge Elevators

Garbage Grinders Conveyors, Chains and Bearings

Grit Collectors Screenings Grinders

also equipment for biofiltration plants

JEFFREY THE JEFFREY MANUFACTURING COMPANY.902-99 North Fourth Street, Columbus 16. Ohio!




If your sewage system handles industrial wastes ...

\/ms&

A*

BIARING PUTES WITH WIIOED ANCHORS

'

mW SCREIN WIRE

g^

CONSIDER EVERDUR

SEWAGE

SYSTEMS that handle indus trial as well as domestic wastes need

extra protection from corrosion. Ever

dur* Copper-Silicon Alloys are used

extensively for this service.

For Everdur Alloys have excellent

resistance to corrosion at all stages of

sewage treatment operation. In addi

tion, depending on the type or compo

sition, Everdur Alloys may be worked

hot or cold, have good machining prop

erties and are readily formed, forged and welded. Everdur thus is readily

adaptable to the fabrication of light

weight built-up equipment which of

fers exceptional durability and ease and

economy of operation.

Consider specifying Everdur for such

units as gates, screens, weirs, troughs,

hoppers, orifices, conduit...even bolts, nuts and cotter pins wherever such

small but important items are subject to corrosive influences. It can pay hand

some dividends in trouble-free, long term operations.

For more detailed information, write

for Publications E-5 and E-ll. ??ma Reg. U. S.Pat. Off.

Anaconda

COPPER-SILICON ALLOYS

THE AMERICAN BRASS COMPANY General Offices: Waterbury 88, Connecticut

Subsidiary of Anaconda Copper Mining Company In Canada: ANACONDA AMERICAN Brass Ltd.

New Toronto, Ont.




%* ̂ 4;

a "Package" plant within your budget Have you had the unhappy experience of getting bids on the

sewage treatment plant you want, only to find that it would cost far more to build it than your budget provides?

There's a simple, practical,

answer?this Yeomans "Package"

Aerifier plant, ideal for small communities up to 3500

persons, and for isolated institutions and industrial plants. You can build it within your budget. It costs little to

operate. And you can get it quickly. In a single compact concrete unit of minimum dimensions

you get aeration and final sedimentation?a crystal-clear effluent at exceptionally low over-all plant cost. Operation is

simplified to a daily routine check. All units are open for visual inspection?clean,

odorless.

Installation includes final adjustment, initial factory operation, thorough training of operators and Yeomans engineering counsel.

A complete recommendation with construction cost estimates and application engineering will be sent promptly on request.

YEOMANS BROTHERS COMPANY, 1411 NORTH DAYTON ST., CHICAGO 22, ILLINOIS

1898 m ?iwaw?**?^? 1948 50 YEARS OF PUMP EXPERIENCE




Well cracked sludge bed shortly after Aluminum Sulfate treatment

Speeds Sludge Drying

General Chemical Alum speeds sludge dewatering and dry

ing on sand beds ... capacity of beds may be doubled, even

tripled . . . quick removal lessens chance of odor and fly

nuisance . . . reduced volume of cake decreases cost of re

moval. Sewage works operators the nation over count on

the benefits obtained from low cost Alum treatment

throughout the year.

Why not learn what General Chemical Alum will do in

your plant too? Full information may be obtained quickly from the nearest General Chemical Office listed below.

GENERAL CHEMICAL DIVISION ALLIED CHEMICAL & DYE CORPORATION

40 RECTOR STREET, NEW YORK 6, N. Y.

Offices: Albany Atlanta Baltimore Birmingham Boston Bridgeport Buffalo Charlotte Chicago Cleveland Denver Detroit Houston Kansas City Los Angeles Minneapolis New York Philadelphia Pittsburgh Portland (Ore.) Providence San Francisco Seattle

St. Louis Wenatchee Yakima (Wash.)

In Wisconsin : General Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.

In Canada : The Nichols Chemical Company, Limited Montreal Toronto Vancouver

BASIC CHEMICALS

FOR AMERICAN INDUSTRY




Y Flow for Sludge Freedom from possible obstruction is the paramount operating

advantage of the full-pipe-area GLCr Lubricated Plug Valve. The

exclusive cylindrical plug design has no pockets and permits

uninterrupted flow through the valve despite the presence of rags or other foreign material.

Raw sewage, sludge, air, gas, water caustics ... all

are efficiently handled by Q,Cf Lubricated

Plug Valves. Ask for catalog 3(SF). American Car

and Foundry Company, Valve Division, 30

Church St., New York 8, N. Y.

menean

idry Cc

LUBRICAT

PLUG VALVES




TWO GREAT DEVELOPMENTS for the Activated Sludge Process

I. BIO-ACTIVATION An exclusive AMERICAN development. A combination in stages of trickling filters and activated sludge.

Maintains ideal conditions . . . eliminates usual

plant upsets. Send

for Bulletin No. 259A.

Phantom view of typical Bio-Activation plant

2. JET AERATION

Enlarged cross-section shows principle of op eration.

Write for Bulletin 265 and data on plants now

operating.

* Licensed by The Dow Chemical Co.

Combines mixed liquor with air, under jet pressure. Produces from four to five times more oxygen ab

sorption ... at less cost! Simple and inexpensive installation.

AmericahlWell Works IN OUR MTH year

^^^fift^M' Pumping, Sawog? Trootmant, and 110 North Broadway wSIBBm Wafer Purification Equipment AURORA, ILLINOIS ^HP^ RESEARCH ENGINEERING MANUFACTURING

Office* Chicago New York Cleveland . Cincinnati Kansas Cry Sales Representatives throughout the World




Cast iron pipe is on the move!

To supply the greatest peacetime

demand for this long-lived pipe

in the history of water, gas and

sewage works construction. De

spite raw material shortages, the

cast iron pressure pipe industry

in 1947 achieved one of the biggest

years in its history in footage pro

duced and has recently installed

equipment for additional footage

capacity.

No other pipe used for under

ground mains has ever approached

cast iron pipe's record for long

life. For example : 96% of all cast

iron water mains (6-inch and

over) ever installed in 25 repre

sentative cities since 1817 are still

in service. Address inquiries to

Cast Iron Pipe Research Associa

tion, T. F. Wolfe, Engineer,

Peoples Gas Bldg., Chicago 3.

CAST IRON PIPE SERVES FOR CENTURIES

LOOK FOR THIS MARK IT IDENTIFIES CAST IRON PIPE



SEWAGE WORKS JOURNAL Official Bimonthly Publication ? Federation of Sewage Works Associations

Volume XX MAY, 1948 Number 3

Contents Sewage Works

Effect of Temperature on Biochemical Oxidation of Sewage. By H. B. Gotaas_ 441

Digester Capacity Eequirements. By E. S. Rankin. 478

Some Bacteriological Aspects of Hydrogen Sulfide Production from Sewage. By H. Heukelekian . 490

Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide in Digester Gas. By Frederick E. Nussberger . 499

Engineering Planning of Sewage Collection and Treatment Works. By E. Boyce. Discussion by W. R. Drtjry . 502

Industrial Wastes

Milk Waste Treatment at the Detroit Creamery Company Condensery, Ovid, Michigan. By L. F. Oeming. 512

Fodder Yeast Production from Sulfite Waste Liquor. By R. G. Taylor and W. Maske . 516

Disposal of Vegetable Tanning Wastes. By H. T. Reuning. 525

Pretreatment of Carbohydrate Industrial Wastes. By F. G. Nelson . 531

Stream Pollution

Oxygen Production in Water by Photosynthesis. By W. E. Abbott. 538

The Operator's Corner

Host or Hermit. 542

A Novel Arrangement for Avoiding Electric Motor Overloading. By Ralph A. Hoot 543

Sludge Digestion and Methane Production. By J. Donald Walker . 544

Wire Screens for Sewage Works. By R. S. Young. 550

Interesting Extracts from Operation Reports: Cleveland, Ohio, Easterly, Westerly, and Southerly Plants (1946) . 550

The Worcester Filter Problem . 559

Sewer Cleaning at Little Rock, Arkansas. By T. W. Clapham . 559

Bark from the Daily Log. By Walter A. Sperry . 562

Alkalinity Control of the Trickling Filter Process at Virginia Beach. By A. W.

Petty.'.... 566

Tips and Quips . 571

Editorial

Synthetic Detergents and Sewage Treatment. 578

Proceedings of Member Associations

Arizona Sewage and Water Works Association. 580

Georgia Water and Sewage Association . 581

North Carolina Sewage Works Association . 582

Virginia Industrial Wastes and Sewage Works Association . 583

Member Association Meetings . 584

Reviews and Abstracts. 585

References to Sewage Literature . 599

Book Reviews . . 604

W. H. Wisely, Editor, 325 Illinois Building, Champaign, Illinois

S. C. Martin, Executive Assistant Dr. F. W. Mohlman, Advisory Editor

made only if permission of the Editor is secured and on condition that the full title of the article, name of the author and complete reference are given. The Federation assumes no responsibility for opinions or statements of facts ex

pressed in papers or discussions published in this Journal.




WHEN SPECIFYING CLARIFIERS FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT...

L c

BECAUSE Dorr Clarifier first cost is economical. .. as

demonstrated by competitive bids.

BECAUSE Dorr Clarifier performance is equal to or better

than that of others . . . as clearly shown by extensive

operating results.

J

? BECAUSE Dorr Clarifier maintenance costs are far below

_? those of others . . . as proven by actual records from

m 135 Dorr units showing an average maintenance cost of

# $5.9 7 per unit per year over a 11.4 year period.

I hese three points . . . tow first cost, efficient perform ance and minimum maintenance cost . . . comprise the

yardstick by which Clarifier vahe is measured. When

you buy Dorr, you buy full measure in ail three.

IRESEARC

jijjjjpfil THE DORR COMPANY, ENGINEERS 570 LEXINGTON AVE, NEW YORK M, N. Y.

ATLANTA TORONTO CHICAGO DENVER LOS ANGELES

RESEARCH AND TESTING LAIORATORIES WESTPORT, CONN.

SUGAR PROCESSING PETREE & DORR DIVISION, NEW YORK 22, N.Y.

ASSOCIATES AND REPRESENTATIVES Dorr Technical Services and Equipment Are Also Available Through Associated Companies and Rep resentatives in the Principal Cities of the World.

Names and Addresses on Request.



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