OnGuard

Frontline

Leadership

SafetyProgram

by

AldenB.Davis

TM

1

OnGuard

Frontline

Leadership

SafetyProgram

2

Helpingeachothergrowinriskmanagementby

sharingwhatweknow.

3

Contents

Introduction......................................5

LeaderorBoss...................................7

Whatis"safe?"....................................9

Accountable&Attentive.......................11

StagesofCareerDevelopment................13

PreparingtoProtectEachOther..............17

Assessing.........................................19

Learning..........................................21

Ownership.......................................23

4

Theobjectiveissimple,thegoalislofty;upyoursafetyawareness,keep

eachotherfreefromharm.

5

Introduction

In1997,JanineBenyusintroducedusto“biomimicry;”lookingto

naturetosolveengineeringproblems.Thisprogramlooksto

Naturetohelpwithhowwethinkaboutsafety.Theobjectiveis

simple,thegoalislofty;upyoursafetyawareness,keepeach

otherfreefromharm.

Somedefinitions:

Hazard=danger;thecauseofharm/injury

Harm=inflictedinjury/damage

Risk=exposuretohazard/danger

Severity=howmuchdamagethehazardcancause

Control=anythingthatlimitsexposuretohazards

“Accident”isaconceptthatwillnotbeusedinthisstudyof

safety.Trueaccidentsarerare.“Accident”connotesbeinga

victimofunplannedcircumstances,badluckorchance,wherebya

personisrelievedofanyfaultorresponsibility.Whatpeoplecall

“accidents”couldbemorecorrectlycalled“incidents,”andthe

resultsarealwaysundesirable.Allincidentsarecausedbya

controllablesetofcircumstances.Thismeans,keepingone's

ownbodyfreefromharmcanbeachievedbymanagingexposure

tohazardsthroughtheuseofcontrols.

Isagoodbodyimportantforagoodlife?Howgoodabodydo

youneedandforhowlong?Fortheanimals,agoodbodyis

essential.Failuretobesafemeanstheyaredinner.Whilethe

animalshavemasteredstrategiesforstayingsafe,peopleseem

comfortable"playingtheodds"withsafety.Beingsafety-alertis

notjustaboutfollowingrules,itstartswithashiftinthinking.

Eachsectionofthisstudyfollowsthesameformat;picture,story,

discussion,questions.Aseriouseffortwiththequestionswill

createashiftinthinking.Learnthelessonstaughtbynatureand

improvetheexperienceinlifeforyouandthoseimportanttoyou.

6

TypicalOrganizationalChart

Theboss.

7

LeaderorBoss?

• Justbecauseyouarea________________

doesnotmeanyouarea________________.

• The___________________getstochoosetheir

___________________.

• The___________________doesnotgetto

choosetheir___________.

• Describethedifferencesamongthefollowing:

Leading

Managing

Planning

8

IfIwalkthroughthisgrasswithoutgettinghurt,doesitmean"Iamsafe..."

...oramI"lucky?"

9

Whatis“safe?”

ThisisagrasslandintheSavannahofBotswana.Lookspretty

peaceful,doesn’tit?Ifyouwalkacrossthisareaandsurviveisit

becauseyouweresafe…orwereyoulucky?Foryou,is"safe"“not

gettinghurt”oris"safe"theresultofdefinablestepstakento

minimizeyourexposuretohazards?

1.WhyshouldIcareaboutbeing“safe?"

2.Whatisthemainideainthestory?

3.Upuntilnow,howhaveIbeenthinkingabout“safe?"Wouldnew

ideasbehelpful?

4.WhatwouldbetheimpactifIadoptednewideasabout“safe?"

5.Whatdoesthepicture/storymeantome?WhatcanIlearn?

6.WhatmustIstopdoing?

7.WhatwillIdodifferently?Whatcouldbecountedormeasuredto

helpmechange?

10

AccountableAdultsstandwatchoverthenurseryforthesafetyandwellbeingofthechicks.

AttentiveAdultsguardthechicksinthecrèchefrompredators.

11

Accountable&Attentive

ThisistheBouldersPenguinColony,locatedjustupthebeach

fromtheCapeofGoodHopeinSouthAfrica.Picturedhereisthe

crèche.Thechicksarecradledinholesandguardedbyadultsto

protectthemfrompredators.Babypenguinshaveno

understandingofhazards;theyaretotallyunaware.Theadults

areonguardtoprotectthenaive.Adultsareattentive;theyare

everwatching.Itistheirjob…itistheiraccountabilitytoensure

thechicksstaysafe.

1.WhyshouldIcareaboutaccountabilityandattentiveness?

2.Whatisthemainideainthestory?

3.Upuntilnow,howhaveIbeenthinkingaboutmyaccountability

andattentiveness?Wouldnewideasbehelpful?

4.WhatwouldbetheimpactifIadoptednewideasaboutmy

accountabilityandattentiveness?

5.Whatdoesthepicture/storymeantome?WhatcanIlearn?

6.WhatmustIstopdoing?

7.WhatwillIdodifferently?Whatcouldbecountedormeasuredto

helpmechange?

12

13

StagesofCareerDevelopment

Thejourneyfromseekertomasterisapredictableprocessofgrowth.

Thejourneyismarkedbykeymilestonesofdevelopment,both

physicalandmental.Asanexperiencedpersonwithaccountabilityfor

overseeingthisjourney,therequirementistoadjustsafetystrategies

tomeeteachstageofdevelopment.Theexposuretohazards

increaseswiththepassingofeachdevelopmentalmilestoneandthe

needforattentivenessgoesup.Picturedherearebaboons.The

baboonfamilyfacesthesamechallengesofdevelopment.Atfirst,the

babyhasnocapabilitytorecognizehazards;itistotallyvulnerable.

Theparents'strategyistokeepthelittleoneattachedtotheirback.

Thenwithage,alittlemorefreedomtositwithinthefamilyunit,and

thentheabilitytotravelindependentlywhenthefamilymoves.The

parentstaysevervigilantforhazardsuntilthechildmaturesandtakes

itsplaceinthetroop.Baboonsadapttheirsafetystrategyasthechild

develops.Thephasesofcareerdevelopmentaresummarizedbelow.

Considerhowsafetystrategiesmustchangewitheachphaseof

growth.

Seeker

Thisisaphaseofexploration.“Seeking”isthetimeofgoingtojob

fairs.Itisaboutdiscoveringoptionsandgaininganunderstandingof

whatisinvolvedinthefield,suchaswhatmakestheworkexciting,

whatareitshazards.Craftspeoplearebestsuitedtomeetwith

seekers.

Novice

Whenfirst-handknowledgeisdesired,aninternshipisset-upandthe

personbecomesanovice;someonenewtoandinexperiencedinthe

field,andassignedtoworkdirectlywithapersonwhohasmasteredall

areasofthefield.Novicesareassignedthemostbasictasks,are

closelymonitoredandgenerallydonotproducemuch.Itisahands-

ondevelopmentalassignmentleadingtoa“go,no-go”decision.

Apprentice

Adecisionismadetopursuetheprofession.Thepersoncommitstoa

programofstudythatcantakeuptofouryears,getspaidatrainee

rateandgraduateswithformalqualifications.Anapprovedcurriculum

isdesignedbythemostskilledinthefield.Theworkisperformed

withoversight.Ifthereisaproblem,amoreskilledpersonprovides

directiontosolve.Overtime,theapprenticematuresinknowledge,

skills,abilities,fitnessandstamina.

14

Thepathtomaturityisapredictableprocessofgrowth.

15

Journeyperson

Uponcompletionofanapprenticeship,thepersonhasproven

themselvestobefullycompetentintheirtradeorcraft.Theyare

authorizedtoworkwithoutoversightasafullyqualifiedperson.They

areproficientintheworkandcansolveproblemswithoutcreatingnew

ones.

Craftsperson

Progressingbeyondjourneypersonisdrivenbyadesiretobecomeso

skilledthatonebecomesanartisan.Theyaretotallyfluentintheir

craftandcandealwithcomplexsituations.Allvariationisunderstood

andresponsesaremany.Assuch,theybecomeaspokespersonfor

thecraft.

Master

Pushingtheartisthedomainofamaster.Newknowledgeiscreated

bythisperson’swork.Advancedstudies,graduatedegrees,lab

research,experimentsareallpartofexpandingthehorizonsofthe

field.Participationinnationalpanelsforsettingstandardsis

recognitionofexpertise;invitedtotestifyasanexpertwitnessis

includedinthework.Attentionturnstolearningthescienceofthe

workandthenapplyingthisknowledgetoimprovingthework.

Innovationsoccurasmultipledisciplinesarebroughttogethertosolve

systemlevelproblems.Easeofpublicspeakingandtheabilityto

simplifycomplexissuesmakesthispersonveryrare.

1.WhyshouldIcareaboutstagesofcareerdevelopment?

2.Whatisthemainideainthestory?

3.Upuntilnow,howhaveIbeenthinkingaboutcareerdevelopment?

Wouldnewideasbehelpful?

4.WhatwouldbetheimpactifIadoptednewideasaboutcareer

development?

5.Whatdoesthepicture/storymeantome?WhatcanIlearn?

6.WhatmustIstopdoing?

7.WhatwillIdodifferently?Whatcouldbecountedormeasuredto

helpmechange?

16

PreparingtoProtect

TheGuard

The"In-group"

TheRoleModel

17

PreparingtoProtectEachOther

“Keepsafefromharm"iswhatitmeansto"protect".Noticethebaboonin

thetree.Thisbaboon’sjobistobeTheGuard;alwayswatchingforanyhazard

thatcouldharmthetroop,thefamilygrazingbelow.WhenTheGuardseesa

hazardapproachingitletsoutahugeshoutandthefamilyfollowsthesafety

plan.Thewarningisavailabletoallanimalsinthearea.Thebaboonhas

preparedtoprotectthetroopandothersbenefitaswell.

Themalelionisadominantforceinthepride.Onlyhisoffspringareinthe

grouptobefed.In-group,out-groupsexistwithinpeoplegroupsaswell.

ResearchbyDansereaushowsthatpeopletendtolikepeoplewhoarelike

themselves;similarworkhabits,similarexpectations,similarsenseofmission,

similaroutlookonlife,similarvalues.Thesepeoplearethe“in-group”and

receivebenefits.Thelionisonlypreparedtoprotecthisown.

Intheelephantcommunity,adultmalesserveas“bigbrothers”toadolescent

males.Theyouthlearnadulttraitsofharvestingfoodandprotectingboundaries

byfollowingalong.Theadulttakesonaleadershiproleandfuturegenerations

areimpacted.Theadultispreparedtomodeltheway.

"Preparing,"alsomeansthinkingbeforeteaching.Itisadesiretopresent

informationinawaythatmatchestheotherperson'slearningstyle.Basedon

researchofDavidKolb,fourlearningstylesexist.Thelevelofhands-on

involvementneedstomatchthestyleofthepersonbeinginstructed,asfollows:

a.Interactive:Likestolearnbyteamingwithotherpeople;

b.Methodical:Likestolearnbyreadingthemanual;

c.Practical:Likestolearnbyiteratinginstruction&doing;

d.Creative:Likesthe"bigpicture"firstthendetails.

1.WhyshouldIcareaboutpreparation?

2.Whatarethemainideasineachstory?

3.Upuntilnow,howhaveIbeenthinkingaboutpreparation?Wouldnewideas

behelpful?

4.WhatwouldbetheimpactifIadoptednewideasaboutpreparation?

5.Whatdoeseachpicture/storymeantome?WhatcanIlearn?

6.WhatmustIstopdoing?

7.WhatwillIdodifferently?Whatcouldbecountedormeasuredtohelpme

change?

18

Howmuchfreedomdopeoplegettobe

experientiallearners?

Severityvs.Exposure

19

Assessing

Noticethedistancebetweentheadultsandthebabybaboon.Withthe

brushsohighhazardscouldbecloseby,buttheyseemcomfortable

lettingthebabyexploreboundaries.Andthisbecomesthechallenge:

helptheunfamiliargrowtheircapabilitieswhileminimizingexposureto

hazards.Todothiseffectively,theskillof“assessing”mustbe

developed.Refertotheexampleofatraditional“RiskMatrix.”Itis

designedtohelpcomparesituationsbasedonSeverityandExposure;

howmuchdamagefromthehazardandhowlikelytocontactthe

hazard.Understandinghowthepersonbehavesfactorsintothe

“likelinesstocontact.”Ifthepersonhasstrongimpulsecontroland

canself-regulate,thenconcernoverexposurecanbereduced.Ifnot,

then“likelinesstocontact”iselevated.Theassessmentisusedto

helpdevelopcontrols.“Controls”canrangefromoversight,toPPE,to

enrollmentinatrainingprogram.Thegoalistocreatesituations

wherethepersoncantesttheircapabilitiesinacontrolled

environment.Thisisworthywork.

1.WhyshouldIcareaboutassessing?

2.Whatisthemainideainthestory?

3.Upuntilnow,howhaveIbeenthinkingaboutassessing?Would

newideasbehelpful?

4.WhatwouldbetheimpactifIadoptednewideasaboutassessing?

5.Whatdoesthepicture/storymeantome?WhatcanIlearn?

6.WhatmustIstopdoing?

7.WhatwillIdodifferently?Whatcouldbecountedormeasuredto

helpmechange?

20

21

Learning

Justlikeanovice,leopardcubslikeplayingandtheygettotally

absorbedintheiractivities.Intheiryouthfulness,theyarenaiveto

thehazardsaroundthem;theirsurvivaldependsonthewatchfulness

ofamoreexperiencedleopard.Isitpossibleforanadulttostay

100%focused,100%ofthetime?Theadultleopardhastobe

creativeinfindingwaystoreducethecubs’exposuretohazards

becauseatsomepointtheadultmaygetdistracted.Thechallengeis

tohelpthenovicelearnabouthazardsandstartowningsome

accountabilityfornotgettinghurt."Teaching–learning–doing"allgo

together.Theadultsharesimportantlessons,thenovicepays

attentionandthenmodelswhattodo.Theyoungzebrashowsthis

perfectly.Fortheleopard,theyhavelearnedtheimportanceoftrees

forhunting,hidingandstoringfood.Byteachingthecubsabouttrees,

theparentstartstosharesafetyresponsibility.Upthetreethecubsgo

andeveryonecannapsafely.Whatlessonsmustbetaughttokeep

yournovicesafe?Remember,thiscanbedonebyencouragingsafe,

experientiallearning.

1.WhyshouldIcareaboutencouraginglearning?

2.Whatisthemainideainthestory?

3.Upuntilnow,howhaveIbeenthinkingaboutencouraging

learning?Wouldnewideasbehelpful?

4.WhatwouldbetheimpactifIadoptednewideasabout

encouraginglearning?

5.Whatdoesthepicture/storymeantome?WhatcanIlearn?

6.WhatmustIstopdoing?

7.WhatwillIdodifferently?Whatcouldbecountedormeasuredto

helpmechange?

22

Owningsafetyforselfandcommunity.

23

Ownership

Therecomesatimewhenthebaboon’sjobofgettingthechildtomaturityis

complete.Onthisday,thechildistotallyaccountablefornot-getting-hurt

andtakesitsplaceinthetroop.Theprocessfortransferringownershipfor

safetyisbasedontheadult’sassessmentofhoweffectivetheirteachinghas

been.

*Aretheconceptsofhazard,severityandcontrol

understood?Haveexamplesbeensharedfrom

theadult’slife;thenovice’s?

*Hastheconnectionbeenmadebetweena

damage-freebodyandday-to-daywellbeing?Is

thereawarenessthatahealthybodyisimportant

toanactivelifestyle,immunity,mood,mental

alertness,reducedlong-termdisease?

*Hastherebeendiscussionaboutthereasons

peopleriskthebodythatholdstheirlife?

*Hasthoughtfulnessbeengiventoeverything

doneinfrontofthenovicesothattheysee

safebehaviorsmodeled?

1.WhyshouldIcareaboutownership?

2.Whatisthemainideainthestory?

3.Upuntilnow,howhaveIbeenthinkingaboutownership?Wouldnew

ideasbehelpful?

4.WhatwouldbetheimpactifIadoptednewideasaboutownership?

5.Whatdoesthepicture/storymeantome?WhatcanIlearn?

6.WhatmustIstopdoing?

7.WhatwillIdodifferently?Whatcouldbecountedormeasuredtohelp

mechange?

OnGuard

Frontline

Leadership

SafetyProgram

by

AldenB.Davis

TM