FRQFRQ

►Part A: primate city is the largest city in Part A: primate city is the largest city in a country AND is more than twice the a country AND is more than twice the size of the next largest. size of the next largest.

►Rank-size rule: The nth largest Rank-size rule: The nth largest settlement is 1/n of the largest. The settlement is 1/n of the largest. The third largest settlement is 1/3 of the third largest settlement is 1/3 of the largest. largest.

►Mexico City is a primate city and does Mexico City is a primate city and does not follow the rank-size rule. not follow the rank-size rule.

►Total: 3 pointsTotal: 3 points

Two positive effects of primate Two positive effects of primate cities on economic cities on economic

development. (2points)development. (2points)► Advantages of agglomeration of economic activity.► Large market for goods and services.► Ability to offer high-end goods and services

(including education) because of larger threshold► population.► Advantages of enhanced flow of information and

ideas in large population.► Advantages of centralized transportation and

communication network.► Global trade opportunities; primate cities can

compete on a global scale and attract foreign investment.

Two negative effects of primate Two negative effects of primate cities on economic development. cities on economic development.

(2points)(2points)► Unequal distribution of investments deters national

economic development.► Unequal economic and/or resource development.► Unequal distribution of wealth and/or power.► Transportation network (hub and spoke) prevents

equal accessibility to all regions.► Impact of centrifugal forces and difficulties of

political cohesion on economic development.► Brain drain — migration and unequal distribution of

education, entrepreneurship, opportunities.► Negative externalities, e.g., unsustainable

urbangrowth/slums/environmental impacts if these arerelated to economic development, e.g., burden on national economy to cope with problems.

City ModelsCity Models

►For US cities the city models deal with For US cities the city models deal with socioeconomic status – aka class. socioeconomic status – aka class.

►Upper class, middle class, lower classUpper class, middle class, lower class

Concentric Zone – Burgess Concentric Zone – Burgess ModelModel

Bid Rent TheoryBid Rent Theory

Burgess Model con’t.Burgess Model con’t.

►CBD is the centerCBD is the center►Everything is in relation to the CBDEverything is in relation to the CBD►Based on Chicago in the early 1900’sBased on Chicago in the early 1900’s►Problem: many upper class/wealthy Problem: many upper class/wealthy

individuals are moving closer to the individuals are moving closer to the CBD in neighborhoods: ex. – Gold CBD in neighborhoods: ex. – Gold Coast, Lincoln ParkCoast, Lincoln Park

Sector Model – Homer HoytSector Model – Homer Hoyt

Sector con’t.Sector con’t.

►CBD is still the focal point of this modelCBD is still the focal point of this model►Zones extend along transportation Zones extend along transportation

routesroutes►Also based on ChicagoAlso based on Chicago►This model describes Chicago much This model describes Chicago much

better than Burgess – specifically better than Burgess – specifically industrial sectors and high class industrial sectors and high class residentialresidential

Multiple Nuclei – Harris and Multiple Nuclei – Harris and UllmanUllman

Multiple Nuclei con’t.Multiple Nuclei con’t.

►Suggest urban growth is independent Suggest urban growth is independent of the CBDof the CBD

►Airports and universities support the Airports and universities support the multiple nuclei model. How? multiple nuclei model. How?

Maps of IndianapolisMaps of Indianapolis

►The following maps of Indianapolis The following maps of Indianapolis reflect different data and all show a reflect different data and all show a different spatial pattern that different spatial pattern that represents one of the previous models. represents one of the previous models. Try to identify the model. Try to identify the model.

13-1013-10

13-813-8

13-913-9

Latin American City ModelLatin American City Model

Latin American model con’tLatin American model con’t

►Wealthiest push out in an elite sector Wealthiest push out in an elite sector in a narrow spine with amenities for in a narrow spine with amenities for the richthe rich

►Squatter settlements are on the Squatter settlements are on the peripheryperiphery

European CitiesEuropean Cities

►Most of the wealthy live close to the Most of the wealthy live close to the CBD – different from most American CBD – different from most American cities. cities.

►As a result most live in small houses, As a result most live in small houses, townhouse, and condos. townhouse, and condos.

►Where do most Europeans go for open Where do most Europeans go for open space? space?

►Most cities were built before carsMost cities were built before cars

Vondel Park, AmsterdamVondel Park, Amsterdam

Prague, Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic

Copenhagen, DenmarkCopenhagen, Denmark