FRUIT PRODUCTION IN COLOMBIA: A HIGH

SECTOR WITH POTENTIAL FOR

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

John OCAMPO PEREZ I.A, M.Sc.Ph.D. Candidate

Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de MontpellierSupAgro

2007

CONTENT

1. Background

2. Agricultural problems in Colombia

3. Biotechnology

4. Fruits growing

5. Objective

6. Strategies

2

a – Cultivated area

Approximately 4.600 hectares

1.BACKGROUD

3

b – Gross Domestic Product - GDP

1.BACKGROUD

4

c –Balance tradeYear Exportations Importations Balanza

1991 2,713,322 399,552 2,313,770

1992 2,724,098 737,682 1,986,416

1993 2,559,216 890,637 1,668,579

1994 3,731,005 1,218,899 2,512,106

1995 3,687,303 1,511,657 2,175,646

1996 3,412,943 1,881,595 1,531,348

1997 4,282,116 1,909,700 2,372,416

1998 4,035,005 1,910,150 2,124,855

1999 3,390,766 1,520,217 1,870,549

2000 3,128,733 1,590,661 1,538,072

2001 2,889,631 1,676,694 1,212,937

2002 2,923,390 1,718,690 1,204,700

2003 3,004,999 1,761,482 1,243,517

2004 3,542,612 1,995,719 1,546,893

2005 4,608,311 2,042,128 2,566,183

Source: DANE, DIAN

Cálculos: Observatorio agrocadenas

1.BACKGROUD

5

Source: Cálculos Observatorio Agrocadenas con base en datos DANE-DIAN

d- Exportations

1.BACKGROUD

6

e- New employment - 2006

4.000

1.BACKGROUD

7

2. PROBLEMS

a - General

• Low budget

• Low prices – international market

• Little planning

• Low research

• Armed conflict

• Few public-private partnerships

8

b- Specific

• High genetic erosion

• Phytosanitary problems

• Lack of agro-ecological areas definition (Geomatic)

• Low training

• Low logistic of agricultural chains - Agrocadenas

2. PROBLEMS

9

3. BIOTECHNLOGY

10

Biotechnology in the world agriculture

Genotyping, Gen discovery, Genetic transformation, Bioinformatics

• Rice • Corn • Wheat• Orange• Banana• Papaya

11

Biotechnology in the Colombian agriculture

• Coffee: genome analysis• Sugar cane: resistance to disease• Cassava: biofortification Vitamin A (GMO)• Lulo: in vitro propagation• Clavel azul (GMO)• Passiflora: molecular markers, cytogenetic.

12

• Spent research $15.000 millions – 2006

• Public fundsColcienciasAsohofrucolAgricultural Ministry

• Center of researchCorpoicaCenisCiatBioversity InternationalUniversities

Science and research system

13

• International donor World Bank

FontagroBIDBTZ - GTZGlobal Challenge Program

• Exchange and International cooperationCIRAD, IRD (France)

USDA (USA)EMBRAPA (BRAZIL)INIAS (Andean countries)Universities (around world)

Science and research system

14

4. FRUIT GROWING

Advantages

• Habitats diversity

• Inter and intra-specific variability (150 taxa)

• Demand in national and international markets

15

Disadvantages

• Little infrastructure

• Low training

• Few credits

• Lack of agro-ecological areas definition (GIS)

• Phytosanitary problems

• Lack of gremial associations

• Illicit crops

16

Years Exportations Importations Balanza

1991 421,280 17,873 403,407

1992 424,670 26,620 398,050

1993 439,358 34,397 404,961

1994 501,647 58,417 443,230

1995 447,120 89,439 357,681

1996 470,870 88,348 382,522

1997 512,541 102,364 410,177

1998 496,930 81,394 415,536

1999 572,705 73,537 499,168

2000 494,417 80,913 413,504

2001 424,966 68,468 356,498

2002 454,948 67,605 387,343

2003 441,038 64,637 376,401

2004 455,891 75,351 380,540

2005 545,021 82,462 462,559

Source: DANE, DIAN

Cálculos: Observatorio agrocadenas

Balance trade

17

Per capita consumption of fresh

fruits

18

Approved fruit projects 1998 to 2004

19

ANTECEDENTS OF RESEARCH IN COLOMBIA

• Papaya: `Cotove’ variety, morphological,molecular.

• Papayuelas: morphological, molecular,biogeography.

• Mango: morphological, biogeography.

• Tomate de árbol: morphological.

• Passiflora: morphological, molecular,chemistry, cytogenetic,biogeography.

• Lulo: ‘La Selva’ variety, morphological,molecular, chemistry.

• Uchuva: morphological, molecular, cytogenetic.

• Guanabana: molecular, in vitro.

• Guayaba: molecular.20

First national census of 10 agro-industrial

and promising fruits

2004

Total cultivated area

Market demand

21

Excellence Center of Passiflora

CEPASSS

P. tripartita var. mollissima

P. tarminiana P. maliformis P. quadrangularis

P. edulis f. flavicarpa / edulis P. ligularis

22

Studies in Passifloraceae and

Caricaceae

23

-.45 -.4 -.35 -.3 -.25 -.2 -.15 -.1 -.05 .1 .15 .2 .25

.25

.2

.15

.1

.05

-.1

-.15

-.2

-.25

-.3

-.35

FFA-3FFA-1

FFA-4FFA-2

GS-1

GS-2

GS-3

GS-4

Ind-1

Ind-2

Ind-3

JNP-1

JNP-2

JNP-3

LIA-1

LIA-2

LIA-3

Lin2-1

Lin2-2

Lin2-3

Lin23-1

Lin23-2

Lin23-3

Lin23-4

Lin35-1

Lin35-2

Lin35-3

Lin40-1

Lin40-2

Lin40-3

Lin41-1

Lin41-2

Lin41-3

Par12-1

Par12-2Par12-3

Par21-1

Par21-2Par21-3

Par23-1

Par23-2Par23-3

Rivera-1

Rivera-2Rivera-3

SVP-1

SVP-2

SVP-3

UCAL1

UCAL2

UCAL3

UCAL4

Par9-1

Par9-2

Par9-3

Par4-1

Par4-2Par4-3 Par40-1

Par40-2

Par40-3Par39-1

Par39-2

Par39-3

Par39-4

Par46-1

Par46-2

Par46-3Par24-1

Par24-2Par24-3

Quoo7

Tesor-1

Tesor-2

Tesor-3

Cauca-1

Cauca-2

M o r a l1

Factor 1 (21% de inercia)

P. P. edulisedulis f. f. edulisedulis

P. P. edulisedulis f. f. flavicarpaflavicarpaColombiaColombia

ColombiaColombia

BrasilBrasil

ColombiaColombia

PerPerúú

ColombiaColombia

BrasilBrasil

PerPerúú

CaldasCaldas

ValleValle deldel CaucaCauca

CaucaCauca

AFCMAFCM

-.45 -.4 -.35 -.3 -.25 -.2 -.15 -.1 -.05 .1 .15 .2 .25

.25

.2

.15

.1

.05

-.1

-.15

-.2

-.25

-.3

-.35

FFA-3FFA-1

FFA-4FFA-2

GS-1

GS-2

GS-3

GS-4

Ind-1

Ind-2

Ind-3

JNP-1

JNP-2

JNP-3

LIA-1

LIA-2

LIA-3

Lin2-1

Lin2-2

Lin2-3

Lin23-1

Lin23-2

Lin23-3

Lin23-4

Lin35-1

Lin35-2

Lin35-3

Lin40-1

Lin40-2

Lin40-3

Lin41-1

Lin41-2

Lin41-3

Par12-1

Par12-2Par12-3

Par21-1

Par21-2Par21-3

Par23-1

Par23-2Par23-3

Rivera-1

Rivera-2Rivera-3

SVP-1

SVP-2

SVP-3

UCAL1

UCAL2

UCAL3

UCAL4

Par9-1

Par9-2

Par9-3

Par4-1

Par4-2Par4-3 Par40-1

Par40-2

Par40-3Par39-1

Par39-2

Par39-3

Par39-4

Par46-1

Par46-2

Par46-3Par24-1

Par24-2Par24-3

Quoo7

Tesor-1

Tesor-2

Tesor-3

Cauca-1

Cauca-2

M o r a l1

Factor 1 (21% de inercia)

P. P. edulisedulis f. f. edulisedulis

P. P. edulisedulis f. f. flavicarpaflavicarpaColombiaColombia

ColombiaColombia

BrasilBrasil

ColombiaColombia

PerPerúú

ColombiaColombia

BrasilBrasil

PerPerúú

CaldasCaldas

ValleValle deldel CaucaCauca

CaucaCauca

AFCMAFCM

Morphological markers

Yellow and purple maracuja

24

First map of potential distribution

Maracuya

25

Distribution map of

Passifloraceae species

26

•Andean Region

•Gaps – Hulia and Tolima

-.05

-.1

-.15

-.2

-.25

-.3

-.35

-.4

-.45

SM1

SH3-A

SH3-B

SH4

SM5

SH7

SH8

SH9

SH10

SM12

SH13

SM14

SH15

SH17

SH18

SH19

SH21

SH24

SH30

SH31

SH33

SH34

CH35

CH37

SH39

CR Her

Col59

Col61b

Pres

Mara

Jard

Pomo

CotA

Chap

Cart

Buen

Cruc

Delf

Quie

Boca

G101

G104

G77

G64

G66

G67

G2

Desh

VL20

VL15

VL18

Vl12

VL4

Vl5

Vl14

GND4

GND5

GND2

GND3

GND11

BBD7

BBD11

BBD5

BBD6

SC1

SCR1

SC

MTQ1

ATG1

SVC1

India

Solo

Colombia

Costa Rica

Barbados

Venezuela

Guadeloupe

Saint CroixColombia

Colombia

Colombia

14.11% inertia total

8.4

4%

in

ert

i a t

ota

l

PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.)

Microsatellite markers27

Papayuelas - Mountains papaya

(Vasconcellea spp)

Isozymatic and

microsatellie markers

28

The national fruit growing recovery should be supported in

a relatively important national market, in order to have a

“second breath” in the exportation market.

CONCLUSION

29

To develop an action plan that identifies andprioritizes the fruit trees of greater potential in themarket, assuring integration and sustainability ofthe productive chain, based on the first NationalCensus of 10 agro-industrial and promising fruits.

5. GENERAL OBJECTIVE

30

1- Management and usage of the genetic resources:

• Inventory of the collections.

• Complementary collect.

• Introduction of exotic cultivars (characterization,

evaluation) .

• Selection with emphasis in the restrictive factors of

the production (resistance to pest).

PRE-BREEDING

6. STRATEGIES

31

Evaluation of genetic

resources diversity

Study of plant/pathogen

relationships

Fixation of

traits

through

endogamy

Resistant cultivars with

homogenous pomologic traits

for the local papaya market

32

PAPAYA

Breeding-research program

Evaluation of genetic

resources diversity

Study of

plant/pathogen

relationships

Fixation of trait

through

vegetative

propagation

Resistant cultivars with

homogenous pomologic traits

for the local and international

market

Breeding-research program

PASSIFLORA

33

Marker - Assisted – Selection

M.A.S

34

To allow eliminate very early the selection process.

2- Revision/development of studies in agro-chains

(agrocadenas) of fruits in Colombia, with the

cooperation of public-private partnerships, with the

purpose of assessing the demand and determine

information about the fruits requirements of

presentation, prices and quality.

Competitive agreement in exotic fruits

6. STRATEGIES

35

3- Creation of specialized cultivars for the elaboration

of better quality juices and solution of the cultivation

problems (adaptation, rusticity), to contribute to the

creation of a “Colombian product” in a very

competitive and unstable market.

6. STRATEGIES

36

4- Characterization and identification of agro-ecological

areas by means of Geographical Information Systems

(GIS), to determine their potential for the production.

Climate and soils database

6. STRATEGIES

37

All these strategies must be carried out through

participative research and technology transfer.

38

Additionally……

• To strengthen the relationships with national and

international donors.

• To increase the cooperation with research

centers, governmental organizations, universities,

private sector and NGO’s.

• To strengthen divulgation strategies, such as:

• National and international congress.

• Workshops.

• Publications (papers).

39

40

Lobby-research-work-group

Highly

COMPETITIVE PRODUCTION

My personal objective

To provide the producers with a grow material with

the features required by the whole productive chain

and with adaptation features, with the purpose of

improving and modernizing the system of fruit

production

41

Thanks for your attention!!