FSM Toolbox 2.0Durban

15th and 16h of October, 2019

Session: “Why FSM Toolbox?”

Defining Sanitation

Slide 2

Sanitation is defined as access to and use of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces.

Three main ways to meet safely managed sanitation service (SDG 6.2). People should use improved

sanitation facilities which are not shared with other households, and the excreta produced should either be:

On-site Sanitation System

Safe Burial End use/Disposal

Treated and disposed in situ

Water ClosetSewer Network

Pumping Station

Treatment Plant

Reuse/Disposal

Transported through a sewer with wastewater and then treated off-site

Containment Emptying Transport Treatment Reuse/Disposal

Stored temporarily and then emptied and transported to treatment off-site

Source: JMP, 2017; WHO, 2018

63 % of urban population connected to

sewer network

Only 9 % of the rural population connected

to sewer network

29% of urban population uses improved OSS

48% of rural population uses improved OSS

Source: JMP, 2017; Boston Consulting Group, 2014

Sewerage Vs FSM: Global Perspective

Sewer Network: History, Institutions,

Investment, Capacity

FSM: Coverage, Cost, Feasibility,

Environmental Safety

OSS is the principal form of improved sanitation in Central Asia and Southern Asia, Oceania and sub-Saharan Africa

2,739 Million people need FSM services

Slide 4

88.29 % ODF Status (3386 ULBs)

Basic 44.15 %

Unimproved 3.78 %

Limited 12.23 %

• Unimproved - Use of pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines or bucket latrines

• Limited - Shared• Basic - Use of improved facilities which

are not shared with other households

62,000 MLD of human waste is generated in urban

India

STP capacity only available for 37% of the FS generated

> 47% of urban HHs depend on OSS

Sewerage Vs FSM: India Perspective

Source: MoHUA, 2018; JMP, 2015; MoUD, 2017

Slide 5

SA sanitation status

Percentage of households with access to an improved sanitation facility and the backlog, 2016

Slide 6

4 % ODF Status

> 36% of population depend on OSS

Sewerage Vs FSM: SA case study

No

municipality is

100% sewered0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Sanitation types

Directly to centralised foul/separate sewer

Fully lined tank (sealed), no outlet or overflow

Containment (fully lined tanks and pits, and unlined pits) failed, damaged, collaped or flooded - with no outlet or overflow

Lined pit with semi-permeable walls and open bottom

Unlined pit

Pit, never emptied abandoned when full and covered

Pit, never emptied abandoned when full NOT adequately covered

Slide 7

Challenges in FSM? Focusing on the Sanitation Value Chain

User Interface Containment Emptying Transport Treatment Reuse/Disposal

• Individual Toilets

• Community Toilets

• Public Toilets

• Septic Tanks

• Twin/Single Pits

• Other OSS

• Mechanized

• Semi – Mechanized

• Manual

• Electro – Mechanical

Systems

• Biological Systems

• Bio-Gas

• Soil Conditioner

• Others

Is it a linear process? Is it as simple as it looks?

Slide 8

Challenges in FSM? Focusing on the Sanitation Value Chain

User Interface Containment Emptying Transport Treatment Reuse/Disposal

• Individual Toilets

• Community Toilets

• Public Toilets

• Septic Tanks

• Twin/Single Pits

• Other OSS

• Mechanized

• Semi – Mechanized

• Manual

• Electro – Mechanical

Systems

• Biological Systems

• Bio-Gas

• Soil Conditioner

• Others

Is it a linear process? Is it as simple as it looks?

Slide 9

Steps for FSM Planning – Practitioner’s Guide

1. City-Wide Assessment

2. Stakeholder Mapping

3. Shortlist Intervention Areas

4. Design and Plan Interventions

5. Implementation

Procurement; Set up project mechanismTechnical Assistance

Financial Resource AllocationMonitor and Evaluate

Advocacy and awareness-raising

Map all the stakeholders and engage to identify priorities and constraintsDevelop engagement strategies

Identify the gaps in the city and areas demanding attention

InfrastructureInstitutional ReformsRegulatoryFinancialBehaviour Change and Capacity Building

Infrastructure TechnologyFinancial Estimates and Funding

Structure

Slide 10

Why FSM Toolbox?

City-Wide Assessment

Stakeholder Mapping

Shortlist Intervention

Areas

Design and Plan Interventions

Implementation

Cumbersome Resource Intensive Time Consuming Array of available tools

Web platform with a suite of tools and resources

Guide to understand the sector, diagnosing problems and planning new interventions

Educate and guide users on technical standards and approaches to plan new interventions

Encourage stakeholders to make informed decisions using survey-based inputs01. 02.

The tools on the platform seek to:

Covered under Toolbox Partially covered under Toolbox

Slide 11

Assessment

Infrastructure Enabler Ecosystem

Planning

Stakeholder Engagement

Infrastructure and Enabler Ecosystem

Business Model

Learn

Case Studies Manuals/ToRsPolicies Videos

Execu

teLe

arn

FSM Toolbox 2.0

FSM Toolbox Workflow and Global Convergence

World BankCity Service Delivery Assessment

ToolSusana/GIZ

Shit Flow Diagram (SFD)

Asian Institute of Technology Situational Assessment Tool

AIT Stakeholder Analysis Tool

World Bank Prognosis for Change Framework

IWMI Resource Recovery and Reuse

Thank You

www.fsmtoolbox.com