FTTP & Voice Over IP

An Brief IntroductionElizabeth Correa- System Solutions Architect

www.bettworld.com/ACM2007

Agenda

Fiber to the Premises Overview

VoIP Overview

Asterisk Demo

Video on Fiber to the Home

http://www.ftthcouncil.org/?t=225

Why should you care about FTTP?

FTTP networks transmission speeds of up to 100 megabits per second downstream – and almost as much upstream.As of March 2007, 1.34 million U.S. homes have direct fiber optic connections. The number of fiber-to-the-premises subscribers has doubled over each of the last two years.

Broadband Access Technologies

Passive splitter

622 Mb/s down

BPON OLT

ATM

xDSL DSLAM

155Mb/s up

Copper – up to 18 000 feet

32 subs/PONFiber – up to 60 000 feet

Fiber

ATM

Passive splitter

2.4 Gbp/s down

GPON OLT1.2 Gbp/s up

32 subs/PONFiber – up to 60 000 feet

Fiber

Ethernet

Active RT

FTTC OLT Fiber

Copper – up to 500 feet

Active RT

OLT Fiber

Copper – up to 5000 feet

FTTN

~ 40 Mbps total

~ 25 Mbps total

100+ Mbps and Video

30+ Mbps and Video

~ 7 Mbps

FTTP Architecture

PON- Passive Optical Network

A passive optical network (PON) is a point-to-multipoint, fiber to the premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises, typically 32.

A PON consists of an Optical Line Termination (OLT) at the service provider's central office and a number of Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) near end users.

PON Technologies

Current technology used is BPON (Broadband PON) Speed: 622 (Mbit/s) down/ 155 Mbit/s up

Next technology to be used is GPON (Gigabit PON) supports enhanced security, and choice of Layer 2 protocol (GEM, Ethernet). Speed: 2,488 (Mbit/s) down/ 1,244 Mbit/s up

Passive Optical Network (PON) Details – ITU G.983

OLT(Optical

LineTerminal)

ONT(Optical Network

Terminal)Upstream1310 nm

Video(/RF)

Data(AAL5)

POTS(AAL2)

Voice & Data Voice/Data & Video

OpticalSplitter

EDFA(Erbium DopedFiber Amplifier)

1x32

OpticalCouplers(WDM)

Video“Optical DSLAM”

“Optical Modem”

DownstreamUpstream

Voice and Data

@ 622 Mbps

Video

Digital TVAnalog TV HD/VOD

550 MHz 860 MHz42 MHz

Voice and Data@ 155 to 622

Mbps

Bandwidths & Services

Questions on FTTP?

Why should you care about VoIP?

VoIP Saves Big Money

You Can be the Mack Daddy/Mommy of Cool by setting up your own “skype like” phone system with your friends

History of the PSTN

The PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) is made up of switches.

1. Human Operator (1880 American Bell Founded) (Think Andy Griffith Show)

2. Automatic exchanges called steppers (early 1900’s)

3. Digital Switch which used Stored Program Control exchange (1971)

4. Soft switches- Software switches

Erna Schneider Hoover

Patented the first programmed switch at Bell Laboratories.Prioritized processes within stored program control switching systems.The patent on the system is one of the first software patents ever issued (1971) and the principles of the system are still in use today.

PSTN Basics

SS7 Signaling is the protocol used to communicate with the Class 5 Switch.A Class 5 Switch receives the call, looks up the number in the Local Exchange Routing Guide (LERG).The Class 5 Switch then sets up the voice “bearer” traffic circuit.TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) transports the voice voice “bearer” traffic over high speed connections called trunks.

Circuit Switching

Network resources are “static.”

When data needs to be sent, a circuit is established and used till the end of the transmission .

Packet Routing

The Internet brought new ways of routing data: TCP/IP.

Every router can send a packet which ever way it sees is best.

Routers use a dynamic routing table which is constantly updated with the status of network traffic.

Shift to Packet routing

VoIP is actually just voice data broken into IP packets and sent over the a network.

But it still needs to use the same concepts as the PSTN had:SignalingBearer

Media Routing vs Signal Routing

New Signaling Protocols

The ITU-T created h.323 in 1995

The IETF created SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) in 1996

Bearer or Voice Traffic Protocol

Both h.323 and SIP can work Real Time Protocol (RTP)

Packet Routing

SIP vs h.323

H.323 was designed with a good understanding of the requirements for multimedia communication over IP networks, including audio, video, and data conferencing. It defines an entire, unified system for performing these functions, leveraging the strengths of the IETF and ITU-T protocols.

SIP

SIP was designed to setup a "session" between two points and to be a modular, flexible component of the Internet architecture.It has a loose concept of a call (that being a "session" with media streams), has no support for multimedia conferencing, and the integration of sometimes disparate standards is largely left up to each vendor.

Simple SIP Network

Set up your own VoIP Network with Asterisk

Asterisk is a PBX (Private Branch Exchange)Manages the voice calls and the connectivity between different telephone networks and protocols (PSTN, VoIP, etc...) and giving the functionalities of a PBX like automatic answer, autoreply, menus, etc.Runs on Linux, MacOSX, OpenBSD, FreeBSDWorks with SIP or h.323 for signaling and RTP for bearer traffic

Asterisk Network

Asterisk Demo

Sources

Please see bettworld.com/ACM2007 for links to sources