Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking 2
A portfolio of
clean,
efficient and
competitive
solutions
based on fuel
cells and
hydrogen
technologies
in energy and
transport
European Union represented by the
European Commission
Industry GroupingHydrogen Europe
Research Grouping (former N.ERGHY)
Hydrogen enables seasonal storage avoiding massive curtailment
RESproduction Load
Source:EC2050scenario,McKinseyanalysis
Jan Feb MarApr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
H2
LoaddemandinwinterishigherwhileRESproductionislower
Curtailedperiodsofoversupply
Periodsofdeficits200
150
100
50
0
Source:IEAEnergyTechnologyRoadmapHydrogenandFuelCells,JRC ScientificandPolicyReport2013
1IEAdataupdatedduetorecentdevelopmentsinbuildingnumerous1MWhydrogenstoragetanks
Hydrogen for long-term carbon-free energy storage
DischargedurationMinute Hour Day Week Season
Batte
ry
Hydrogenstorage1Compressedair
Fly-wheel
PumpedHydroStorage
Supercapacitor
Geographicalcapacityconstraints100MW
10MW
1MW
1GW
10kW
1kW
100kW
10GW
Hydrogen storage bridges gaps in supply and demandEXHIBIT 20
The imbalances across seasons can be resolved using hydrogen
ILLUSTRATIVE
Batteries and power balancing1: Short-term storage to balance within hour/day
Hydrogen used for▪ Long-term storage to balance across
weeks and seasons▪ Transfer of renewable energy to other
sectors▪ Transfer to other regions where
electricity transmission not sufficient/ not cost efficient
DemandGeneration
Curtailment of extreme peaks
Time
Means of balancing
1 Demand-side load balancing, etc.
Batterycapacity
H2 storagecapacity
SOURCE: McKinsey
Electricity supply and demand, TWh
Hydrogen storage increases exponentiallywith the variable energy shareEXHIBIT 22
Studies estimate that excess electricity and the potential for hydrogen increases exponentially with the VRE-shareOverview of study results
SOURCE: Fraunhofer , BMW, RWTH Aachen, Sterner und Stadler (2014): Energiespeicher - Bedarf, Technologien, Integration, McKinsey
1 Simulation of Germany Energy Systems; most-efficient/least-cost modeling to achieve 2 degree scenario in Germany in 2050 based on hour-based simulation of electricity generation and demand; no regional distribution issues assumed (would rather increase need for storage), no increases/ decreases in energy imports and exports
2 Simulation of storage requirements for 100% European RES; considers only storage for power sector, could be considered a lower bound for total hydrogen pathway
3 Converted to shares based on projections of total power demand until 2050
Germany
SpainSweden
Fraunhofer (storage & sector coupling)
Sterner & Stadler3
(mean)
RWTH Aachen(power only)
McKinsey12
24
40
4
20 1107060 80 90 100500
30 12010
16
28
8
20
Hydrogen demand, percent of electricity production
Variable renewable energy, percent of electricity demand
Europe
Shapes
Colors
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Fahrzeuge
Excess RE production could feed FCEVs German Example
1 TWh Überschussproduktion istäquivalent zu (2015: 4,7TWh in D):
≈ 20.000 t H2
≈ 2 Mrd km H2-Mobilität ( @ 1kg/100 km)
≈ 150.000 Brennstoffzellenfahrzeuge( @ 14.000 km/y) (705.000 FCEVs in 2015)
Ener
gieü
bers
chus
s [
TWh/
year
]
• Aussagen zur Überschussproduktion durch Erneuerbare Energien differieren deutlich. Die Spannweite reicht von 0 (DENA, BCG) bis >40 TWh für 2030.
Bei Eintreten DENA Maximalszenario (40TWh) wäre theoretisch die Versorgung von bis zu 6 Mio. FCEV in 2030 möglich
30
25
20
15
10
5
02020
27,7
2015
1,9
2010
0,13
Quelle: EnBW (Münch), BMU Strategie-Workshop, 05.09.12
Prognose für Bestand von FCEV Fahrzeugen
Hydrogen plays a critical role in low-carbon tech portofolio
EXHIBIT 4
Hydrogen has significant potential across all applications
SOURCE: Hydrogen Council
1 Percent of total annual growth in hydrogen and variable renewable power demand2 For aviation and freight ships3 Percent of total methanol, olefin, BTX production using olefins and captured carbon
Hydrogen technology ready for deploymentEXHIBIT 7
Hydrogen technology exists and is ready to be deployed
SOURCE: Hydrogen Council
Global Energy demand supplied with hydrogen, Exajoule (EJ)
1 Mass market acceptability defined as sales >1% within segment in priority markets2 Market share refers to the amount of production that uses hydrogen and captured carbon to replace feedstock3 DRI with green H2, iron reduction in blast furnaces and other low-carbon steel making processes using H24 Market share refers to the amount of feedstock that is produced from low-carbon sources
Start of commercialization Mass market acceptability1
Today 2020 25 30 35 40 2045
Power generation
1 In renewables-constrained countriesIn other countries
Trans-portation
4 Forklifts Mid-sized and large cars
City busesVans
CoachesTrucks
Small carsMinibuses
Trams and railways
Passenger ships
Synfuel for freightships and airplanes
Industry energy
5 Medium-/low industry heatHigh-grade industry heat
Building heatingand power
6 Blended hydgrogen heatingPure hydrogen heating
Industry feedstock
7 Production of methanol, olefins and BTX using H2 and captured carbon2RefiningAmmonia, methanol
Decarbonization of feedstock4
Steel3
Hydrogen vision for 2050EXHIBIT 0
Hydrogen benefits energy systems, environment and business
SOURCE: Hydrogen Council, IEA ETP Hydrogen and Fuel Cells CBS, National Energy Outlook 2016”
19%of final energy
demand
7Gtannual CO2abatement
$4tnannual sales
(hydrogen and applications)
2050 hydrogen vision (annual figures for 2050)
45million jobs
created
It is happening ! It can be done !
Reality check: “Power to gas“ projects
• Uptake of hydrogen in industry and power production at large requires hydrogen to be cost-competitive with current processes and fuels.
• A reform of the energy market in terms of feed-in tariffs, curtailment management, seasonal balancing remuneration and carbon pricing can accelerate the competitiveness.
• Similar arrangements to digressive feed-in tariffs could go a long way in promoting clean hydrogen production and use.
• Clear national (EU) action plans for the development of hydrogen within and across sectors can kick-start the roadmap. (🔜 Sectoral integration)
Summary: How to kick-off the hydrogen economy?
EU Commission more and more believes in hydrogen
