Fuel Right® Applications Marine Diesel Fuel

How Fuel Right® prevents the formation of sludge, fuel system fouling and its affect on MIC and your marine fuel

system

Fuel Right is a registered trademark of Fuel Right (Canada) Limited. Copyright. © All rights reserved.

Presentation Objectives

1. Illustrate how sludge forms in marine diesel fuel systems

2. The role of sludge in the process of MIC (microbially influenced corrosion)

3. How to eliminate sludge and protect systems from corrosive elements

4. Performance Implications of cleaner fuel systems

Stage 1. Attachment

Bacteria exist in fuel, water and tank lining

Free floating planktonic bacteria seek surfaces to attach themselves to

Non-uniform development

Takes minutes to start forming

Stage 2. Biofilm Growth

Sessile bacteria are anchored to the surface of the tank wall

Exopolymers are excreted by the bacteria to create external anchor sites and to protect them from the environment (colonizing)

Produce slime – exo poly-saccharides (EPS) to colonize the surface

Stage 3. Growth

Development of a complex three dimensional structure

Influenced by its environment

Develop within hours

Thickness of biofilm can range from a very thin layer to centimetres thick

pH can range from slightly to extremely acidic values

Stage 4: Biofilm properties

Extremely resistant to attack while in biofilm colonies

Biocides – ineffective with biofilms

May kill “millions” of bacteria with treatment but ineffective with biofilms

Stage 5. Sloughing Phase

Proliferation of the colonies can be dispersed into the fuel (sludge)

These colonies re-attach and seed new sites for growth

If uncontrolled, can seriously contaminate a fuel system

Filters, pumps, injectors, fuel lines

Development of anodic sites which leads to pitting corrosion

Stage 6: re-attachment

Dispersed clusters re-attach to new sites expanding the biofilm contamination

Agitated tanks can accelerate this process

New colonies form and process is repeated

What does biofilm (sludge) look like?

Day Tank - Tug

What does biofilm (sludge) look like?

Marine Fuel Tank Sludge Filter Canister

What does sludge (biofilm) look like?

Filter Canister Fouled Racor

Biofilm can be opaque

Filters appear similar

Far left is plugged

Second is partially plugged

Third is partially plugged

Fourth is operating fine

Each filter weighs less as you go from left to right (biofilm increases weight of filter)

Results of progressive treatment of Fuel Right over 4 fuel bulk treatments – filters progressively cleaner

1 2 3 4

Filters removed from a boiler system

MIC

Microbial influenced corrosion refers to the influence of microorganisms on the kinetics of the corrosion of metals, caused by microorganisms adhering to the interfaces (usually called “biofilms”). Prerequisites for MIC are the presence of microorganisms. If corrosion is influenced by their activity, further requirements are: (I) an energy source (II) a carbon source (III) an electron donor (IV) and electron acceptor and (V) water.

MIC Process

Requires key elements

1. The existence of bacteria Naturally present in fuel

2. The presence of water / oxygen Present in fuel - typically delivered by fuel delivery company

Condensation / leaking / openings

3. A surface to attach to (biofilm) Tank walls

Tank linings (holidays)

Contaminants (oxides, salts etc.)

Types of Organisms Present in Biofilm

Variety of bacteria present Aerobic – such as slime forming bacteria

Anaerobic – produce organic acids

Fungi – produce organic acids

Some have the ability to substitute oxygen with oxidisable compounds

ie: Iron (Fe), Manganese, Sulfur

Anodic Sites – Pitting Corrosion

pH of “sludge” is acidic pH value varies across biofilm

Steel surface sacrifices electrons (becomes sacrificial anode)

Accelerated corrosion process (pitting) occurs in localized areas

Rate is dependent on biofilm colony

MIC Examples

Heating Oil Tank Diesel Underground Storage

How to STOP SLUDGE and MIC?

Eliminate bacteria?

Biocides can kill bacteria

Biofilm (sludge) and biocides?

Extremely resistant to attack, biocides are ineffective

Can not be “washed” from the surface

Only sandblasting to near white metal finish will rid of existing bacteria

Water/Oxygen

Control water but source is external

Steel

Protective Coatings

Coatings are prone to MIC

The ANSWER?

FUEL RIGHT® - stand alone technology

Proprietary formulation of filming amine technology NOT a conventional diesel fuel additive NOT a biocide

Release biofilm from steel surface and protect surface with filming amines Existing sludge is dissolved by Fuel Right Proven over 17 years of field experience

What are Filming Amines?

Form a protective coating Waterproof barrier

Inhibit corrosion

Isolative (electrical impedence)

Penetrate the biofilm Impeding the growth and displace existing biofilms

Dissolving the sludge back into a microscopic form to be dispersed safely into fuel and burned off.

Control deposits in the fuel system Fuel injectors

Intake valves

Fuel pump

Filters

How do they work? Inhibiting the Process

Fuel Right filming amines replace the conditioning film

Sludge is dissolved

Microscopic particles are safely released back into fuel

Filming Amine Water proof

Corrosion proof

Fuel Right Animation

Exo Poly-Saccharide “Glue”

Dissolved by Fuel Right

“melting ice”

Becomes part of fuel

Harmlessly burned off

Dark microscopic particles released into fuel

“Dark” Microscopic Particles

Degraded fuel

Result of bacteria converting it to food

Not from instability

Released into fuel

Sub-microscopic

Fuel Right prevents them from sticking to and fouling surfaces

Harmlessly burned off as fuel

Protected System

Fuel Right coats all surfaces

Alkaline pH

Helps to neutralize acidic components (stabilizing)

Hydroperoxides

Prevents further formation of biofilms

Before Treatment

Water present

Diesel Fuel

Biofilm able to form

Sludge growth

Acidic pH

After Treatment

Fuel Right treatment

Filming amines coat jar

Biofilm unable to form

Existing sludge dissolves

Water remains

Fuel Right and Fuel Filters

Clean Fuel = less strain on fuel filter

Filming amines also coat filter cartridge and all other fuel system surfaces (fuel lines, pumps etc.)

Extend filter life 2-3x

Eliminate filter plugging due to sludge

Fuel Right Results!

Protects Nozzle/Injectors 7 year corrosion test

Fuel Right & Your Engine

Coats complete fuel system

Protects injectors against fouling

Ensures optimal atomization

Optimal ignition

Impacts fuel economy Keeping system clean ensures optimal fuel performance

Filming amines have a natural detergency affect

Implications

Higher tier engines have strict tolerances

Fuel quality is critical – especially in emergency supply situations where fuel is stored long-term

Fuel additives modify fuel properties (lubricity, cold flow pour point, cetane boost, anti-waxing & gelling) but do not “clean” the system

Filming amine technology protects the system from biofilm attack

Smaller micron filters are more prone to biofilm clogging

Fuel Right filming amines dissolve the biofilm – clean fuel

Overall better fuel system performance

Fuel Right vs Fuel Additives

Conventional Diesel Fuel Additives

Biocides Filming Amine Technology

More than 2000 additives on the market

Highly controlled by government agencies

FUEL RIGHT INNOVATION

Toxic ingredients Extremely toxic Irritant only

Varied results Not suitable for marine applications

Not overly effective with highly developed biofilm (sludge) issues

Extremely effective method to dissolve and prevent further formation of biofilm (sludge)

High dose rates Moderate dose rates Low dose rates (1:15,000, 1:30,000)

Moderately expensive Very expensive Economical

Ingredients (May Contain)

Conventional Diesel Fuel Additives

Biocides Filming Amine Technology

Trimethyl benzene 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one

Petroleum distillates (<10%)

Hydrocarbon naphtha 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one

Neutralizing amines

Naphthalene Magnesium chloride Filming amines

Aliphatic naphta Magnesium nitrate

Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl

Water

1-Methyl-1,2-Ethanediyl

Nitrilonethylidyne

Xylene

Propylbenzene

Fuel Right vs Fuel Additives

Conventional Diesel Fuel Additives

Biocides Filming Amine Technology

Toxic (Poison) Very Toxic Irritant to eyes and skin

Contains volatile organic compounds (VOC’s)

Highly controlled by government agencies

high flash point (combustible – packing group III)

May contain marine pollutants

Slowly being forced off the market through legislative efforts

Easy to transport via ground transport

Contains marine pollutants

How do we Compare?

How do we Compare?

How do we Compare?

References

Atlantic Hemlock – Z-Drive Commissioned 1996 2 x Caterpillar (4004 BHp) Fuel Capacity: 201t

Atlantic Beaver – Z-Drive Commissioned 2008 2 x Caterpillar (2700 Hp each)

References • “I was not a believer in products like Fuel Right. I am NOW! Weeks will be re-powering 4

tugs starting in June and I am making Fuel Right part of our diet when completed.”

– Ed Hermann, Port Engineer Weeks, Marine

• “In August 2008, we began treating the Meredith with Fuel Right and about two months later we began treating the Christian. It is fair to say that we have observed significant reduction in the quantity of fuel filters used as a result of our consistently treating both vessels. In May 2010, both the Meredith and the Christian were brought in for dry dock. When we inspected the fuel tanks, we were pleasantly surprised to see that the walls and the floors were remarkably clean by comparison to what we normally see when the fuel tanks are inspected – a real savings to us both in terms of time and materials.”

– Charles Crawford, Port Engineer Reinauer Transportation Companies

References • “One of our tugs in Baltimore had a tank that must have contained a lot of sludge. I knew

that we were holding a good deal of water but we were unable to get anything out of the lower draw. Two weeks after we treated the tank with Fuel Right, we began to see a dribble and two weeks after that, we discharged 400 gallons of water from the lower draw. I don’t know how it worked, but this product helped us achieve our objective.”

– Thomas Krzycki, Port Engineer McAllister Towing

• We received a bad load of diesel and almost immediately started to see filter plugging in one of our boats. As a result of this, we were changing fuel filters every 24 hours. Shortly after treating with Fuel Right, the problem dissappeared and things were back to normal. Had we not been introduced to Fuel Right, my next step would have been to dispose of the fuel and clean the tanks. Fuel Right saved me thousands of dollars – Thanks”

– Vincent Borello, Shipyard Manager Moran Towing Company

Economic Benefits

Optimal fuel economy

Clean fuel

Clean injectors

Clean injector pumps

Improved lubricity

Optimal engine performance Horsepower

Operation

Extended filter life

Corrosion protection

Fuel tank maintenance Sludge eliminated

Questions?

Thank You!