Fueling Specification for 70 MPa H2 Vehicles V14 presentation.pdf · Fueling Specification for 70...

70MPa Hydrogen Fueling Specification

Fueling Specification for 70 MPa Compressed Hydrogen Vehicles

Jesse Schneider, 4/24/07 (ARB Workshop)


Overview

Goal

History

Scope

Timing

Powertech Testing Optimization

Technical Contents of Fueling Station Specification

Further Steps…


70 MPa Fueling Station Specification

Objectives: • Provide minimum requirements common to all OEM

H2 vehicles • Provide common specification for station installers• Confirm common thinking between OEMs and

station installers• Fill the gap with existing state adopted codes: to

provide a “H2 Station Reference”• Enable consistent, efficient hydrogen fueling

infrastructure deployment


History & Status of 70MPa FuelingDifferent levels of 35 MPa fueling station specifications have existed since 1999. Organizations such as CaFCP have had numerous revisions.

70 MPa Fueling Station Development ongoing since 2002 in development sites in US & Germany

70MPa Public station in 2006 For Example: Zero Regio in Germany (see right)

8 OEMs working together to develop 70MPa fueling specification in 2006. Why? Did not exist previously.

Much of the Vehicle to Station Codes & Standards Complete, however specifications to be used in the interim to fill C&S gaps to build 70MPa hydrogen stations

Status: Sent to Energy Companies for feedback. Discuss with energy companies in February 2007 OEM/ Energy roundtable at NextEnergy


Hydrogen Stations should have similar usage & fueling capability of conventional fueling stations

For example:

Station Accessibility:

70 MPa (and 35 MPa) Fueling capability

Hours of operation

Operation - station up-time

Technical Parameters

Reasonable fueling time (5kg/ 3 minutes)

Stay within Pressure corridor (upper/ lower limits)

Precooling capability needed for fast fueling (offset high heat of compression)

Station Communications Capability

Ability to do 3 or more successive fills; suitable capacity

Interoperability (J2600 for 35MPa; J2799 for 70MPa)

Utilize established codes (NFPA 52,etc) regarding grounding, PRV setting ,etc.

Refueling Station Design Guidance


Vehicles will be in customers’ hands

Customers include government, corporate and individuals

Goal is to promote sense of normal driving/refueling experience

“Just like today” (or better)

Access to a variety of stations

Freedom to move about the “coverage” region (network & compatibility)

OEM Refueling Perspective

Refueling stations should be all-OEM-accessible and customer-friendly

UC Irvine

70MPa!

Berlin Heerstraße (ARAL)

Berlin Messedamm (Total)

Frankfurt-Höchst (Agip) –

70 MPa!

Munich - Lohnhoff

Washington, D.C.


Fuel Station Codes & Standards Timeline


Common Practice in Vehicle & Station Deployments

Fueling ProtocolOptimization

(multiple OEMs, equipment providers, energy companies)

Standardization

• SAE J2601• CSA 4.3

• 70MPa Fueling Process Specification

• SAE J2799 (vehicle/station connection hardware)

Jan 2007 Jan-Sept 2007 2008…

Fueling station requirements for

installation quotations

Compressed Hydrogen 70MPa Fueling Process Specification: ExampleOf Standardization Pathway…

Ongoing OEM/ Energy Company Roundtable discussions on documents & data

Time line will be driven by technological progress and data confirmation.


Powertech Testing Plan


Fueling Specification for 70 MPa Compressed Hydrogen VehiclesDocument covers guidelines for minimum critical parameters, Fueling Performance.

Meant to be used as guidance to build 70MPa H2 Stations in the interim when not all C&S are completed. It is a reference for Quoting & designing stations.

To be Superseded by SAE J2601/CSA 4.3) when released


Summary Technical Content of Document


• Important for sizing of compressor:The fueling station should be capable of fueling a vehicle storage system <5kg within 3 minutes for ambient temperatures <40C without exceeding storage T upper limits

Examples of specific Fueling Parameters

Operating Conditions of a 70MPa tankState of Charge 100% = 40.2g/l

0

20

40

60

80

100

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Temperature [°C]

Pres

sure

[MPa

]

56MPa @ -40°C

70MPa @ 15°C

87.5MPa @ 85°C

Full Tank = 40.2 g/l

Operating window

Overfilling


Operating Conditions of a 70MPa tankState of Charge 100% = 40.2g/l

0

20

40

60

80

100

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Temperature [°C]

Pres

sure

[MPa

]

56MPa @ -40°C

70MPa @ 15°C

87.5MPa @ 85°C


Operating window

Overfilling


MAWP


Performance Based Fueling Pressure “Corridor” Example (within CPRR +/-)

Upper Limits = Maximum DensityLower limits = Minimal Density

Pp = 87.5 MPadP = 10 MPaa = 0.5 MPa/s

t1 – t0 ≤ 2sPtarget, t2, t3 set by Station

actual pressureat nozzle

actual pressurein vehicle tank

comment 1

comment 2

Example

Final standardized Protocol (dP) to be determined by Powertech Data.


• The fueling station should have a compressor sized to be capable of fueling a vehicle storage system <5kg within 3 minutes for ambient temperatures <40C without exceeding any interior vehicle storage limits:

35 MPa 70 MPa1. Max Temp 85 C 85 C 2. Max P (125%NWP) 43.8 MPa 87.5 MPa3. Max ρ (100%SoC) 24.0 g/L 40.2 g/L

using a flow rate at all times < 60 g/s

H2 Fast Fueling Capability


Dispenser Characteristics

• Nozzle compliant with J2600 confirmation testing• J2799 nozzle geometry for 70MPa • Record of periodic leak checks by station operator• Break-away connection• Robust, customer-convenient design


Hydrogen Fuel Quality

• Hydrogen quality at point of delivery from nozzle SAE TIR J2719 / ISO 14687-2

• Recommended 5-micron filter upstream of nozzle

• Station provides periodic sampling at nozzle to assure quality

Material Compatibility

• All materials in direct contact with hydrogen to be appropriately hydrogen compatible


• Station owner to certify that the filling station is compliant with:

• Maximum electrical resistance between refueling nozzle and ground of the filing station dispenser to be < 10 Ohm

• Maximum electrical resistance between filling station floor in the vehicle refueling area and ground of the filling station dispenser to be < 106 Ohm

• Communications and non-communications fills to require no additional connection for vehicle grounding (passenger cars).

Electrostatic Discharge


• All government regulations and codes, and industry standards• Acquire and maintain all required permits for construction

and operation. • Perform required periodic inspection and maintenance.

• Default to a safe mode in the event of failure. • Backup pressure relief initiation at 110% maximum fill

pressure to be complete by 120%• Secondary (backup) flow control to < 60 g/sec.

• Audio and visual alarms in case of failure.• Easily accessible Emergency Shut-down switch • Procedure for rapid notification & recovery within 24hrs when

station is out of service • Filling station provider / owner to provide a backup system for

refueling vehicles if the station is out of service more than 24hours.

• Station availability should be higher than 98%.

Station Reliability


Accessibility

• No special clothing or other personal protective equipment to be required during refueling.

• Station owner to provide:• Emergency Response Procedure • Training on refueling procedure

• Station needs:• detect hydrogen fires and alert the station operator• detect major leaks and alert operator• have convenient location and dispenser access • be well lit, clean and clearly labeled.• be open 6am through 10 pm • have convenient refueling process and equipment• provide a convenient reminder of refueling process steps.• have capability to provide 3 or more successive fills.• have a convenient procedure to identify a qualified user


• The refueling station to calculate the target vehicle pressure (pressure at which fueling stops) based on: • target hydrogen density• station measurements of vehicle pressure• ambient temperature• fueling flow rate • uncertainties and measurement tolerances

(different tolerances are assumed for communication and non-communication fills)

The Station is to be capable of fueling with and without communication (SAE J2799) from the

vehicle.


SAE TIR J2799

70 MPa Fueling Hardware “Technical Information Report”:

•70MPa Receptacle Geometry•Optional Vehicle-to-Station Communications•Communication basic protocol

Timing:

•SAE Release 5 / 2007


• For communication: The station to be equipped at a minimum as per SAE J2799 & other as specified between OEM & Fuel provider

• The station to be capable of receiving data according to the SAE J2799 data transmission format

• The station to be capable of verifying the information (pressure/temperature/volume) transmitted by the vehicle and using the information to optimize refueling SoC when the communications link is active

Fueling with Communication


Station Cooling of Hydrogen Fuel before Nozzle

• Fueling stations to have the capability to deliver cooled fuel to the vehicle

• The temperature of the pre-cooled hydrogen at the nozzle outlet to never be lower than –40 °C

• The station’s pre-cooling equipment should be installed downstream of the smallest flow restriction in the complete refueling path.


What’s Next?

Release Specification Document for assisting in building of the 70MPa Infrastructure to be posted on NextEnergy website. http://www.nextenergy.org/industryservices/

Revision Release as needed

Powertech Testing Data to be used as guidance for standardization of performance targets of SAE J2601


Backup Slides


• Protocol Identifier • Software Version Number • Tank Volume• Receptacle Type / Pressure Level • Fill Command ( “Fill”, “Halt”, or “Abort”)• Measured Gas Pressure in Vehicle Fuel Containers • Measured Gas Temperature in Vehicle Fuel Containers • Optional Data (to be specified by SAE J2601)

Transmitted Data -- SAE J2799 Format (10Hz)


SAE J2760: PRV Set Points & Comparison of ASME/ SAE/ CSA Terminology

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