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e ca ystems
sers u e
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Table of Contents
SECTION IGeneral CR Information
. Technical Tips for CR Readers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. rasure o Imag ng P ates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. maging Plate and Cassette Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Stat onary Gr s or CR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
5. CR System Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. n ormat on on “S” Num ers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
7. Acceptable Exposure Range for CR Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13
ST P ate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
HR P ate
. Un erstan ng EDR- Auto Mo e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
9. Un erstan ng EDR- Sem Mo e 15
0. Un erstan ng EDR- Sem -X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1. Un erstan ng EDR- F xe Mo e 17
2. Us ng Stan ar Imag ng Process ng Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3. Us ng Dynam c Range Contro an Tomograp c Art act Suppress on 19
4. CR Image Nomenc ature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-22
De n t ons o A p anumer cs 21-22
5. mage Ana ys s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6. Trou es oot ng Gu e 24-29
7. Routine Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8. C ean ng So ut on or IP’s 31
9. P and Cassette Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
20. nv ronmenta Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-34
21. mage Review Log Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
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Technical Tips for FCR Readers
. Se ect t e proper menu or t e exam e ng one, an remem er to c ec t e next page
or a t ona menu’s.
2. Pe atr c pat ents are cons ere to e t ose t ree 3) years o an un er. Over t e age ot ree, process as an a u t.
. Use t e sma est Imag ng P ate IP) ava a e or t e exam.
4. The green stripe refers to the hanging protocol of the image and is generally oriented to
t e top cep a c) or to t e pat ent’s r g t s e.
• For 8 X 10 on y, t e green str pe or green ots s ou e cep a c or to
t e pat ent’s r g t s e.
5. I a cassette as not een use n 48 ours, you s ou erase t us ng t e Secon ary
Erasure. Use Pr mary Erase or rect x-ray exposures exposure errors) on t e IP.
. W en a o y part t c ness s greater t an 10cm a gr s recommen e , .e., s ou ers,
nee, an c-sp nes.
7. Approx mate Vp or Porta e c est non-gr ) s ou e 70-85 Vp. Do not use a ove
90 Vp w t out a gr . Porta e c ests w t a gr , t e Vp s ou never e g er
than 110.
. Approx mate Vp or Porta e A omens w t Gr s ou e 65-85 Vp.
. Center ng an pos t on ng are very mportant! Keep t e pat ent we -centere on t e
casse e.
0. When doing extremity work you can do two or more views on one cassette. Keep the views
c ose toget er an use ea str ps to mas t e v ews. Ta e caut on not to over ap exposure
areas.
1. Co mate to t e proper e s ze: avo av ng extra anatomy n t e mage.
2. The Fuji CR reader is able to compensate in density for over- and under-exposure:
• Un erexposure s ev ent y a no sy or mott e appearance on t e mage,an a g “S” num er >500.
• Overexposure is evident only by a very low “S” number <75.
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rasure of Imaging Plates
T e mag ng p ate s use to capture t e pat ent mage ur ng an x-ray exam nat on. Imag ng
P ates IP’s) are g y sens t ve to ra at on nc u ng natura ac groun ra at on. T s
ambient radiation can increase mottle within the image, lower contrast and affect “S” number
rea ng. T ere ore, t s recommen e t at any IP t at as not e use w t n 48 ours eerase us ng t e Secon ary Erase Mo e pr or to c n ca use.
Use t e Pr mary Erase Mo e or IP’s w t rect x-ray exposures exposure errors) t at nee to
e erase rom an IP.
Erase Mo e Proce ures: T e erase utton must e presse or eac IP an pr or to nsert on o
t e cassette.
. FCR 5000 series readers on the status monitor of the FCR 5000 reader, press the
rea ng mo e con, t en se ect t e erasure mo e nee e . Insert cassette to e erase .
Upon comp et on o t e erasure cyc e, t e rea er reverts ac to rout ne process ng
mode.
2. FCR5501 Chest Reader - se ect Erase IP at t e IIP. T s erases one IP. Repeat
proceedure if the second IP needs to be erased.
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Imaging Plate and Cassette Selection
mages pro uce us ng Compute Ra ograp y are rst capture on t e Imag ng P ate IP)
nside the cassette. There are several factors involved in selecting the proper cassette and IP for
an exam. T e most mportant actors n se ect ng a cassette an mag ng p ate or an exam are
t e an SIZE Frequency o use s anot er actor t at a so must e cons ere .
ypes of Imaging Plates: ST -Standard & HR- High ResolutionT e rst port on o t e arco e on eac mag ng p ate w n cate t e type. T e arco e s
v s e t roug t e ID w n ow on t e ac o t e cassette. It s recommen e t at t ese cas-
settes e mar e on t e outs e to note HR p ates w en app ca e. HR p ates are ava a e n
imited sizes only and can be used for extremities, mammography and other exams to attain
g er mage s arpness t an t e ST p ates. It s ou e note t at t e HR p ates, e eta
m screen com nat ons, requ re erent exposure actors.
Imaging Plate SizeD g ta mages pro uce n Compute Ra ograp y are sp aye n a matr x o p xe s. P xe
s ze s a actor n eterm n ng t e reso ut on o t e sp aye mage. S nce t e requency w t
w c t e stan ar CR rea er scans t e p ate s re at ve y constant 2K x 2K), us ng t e
smallest imaging plate possible for the exam will result in the highest sampling rate. For the
FCR 5000 ser es an a ot er Fu HQ rea ers t e samp ng rate s 10 p xe s mm. For a ot er
Fu CR systems see st e ow.
SIZE OF IMAGING PLATE SAMPLING RATE
4 x 17 or 14 x 14 5 p xe s mm
0 x 12 or 24cm x 30cm .7 pixels/mm
x 10 or 18cm x 24cm 0 p xe s mm
n addition to pixel size, image size on hardcopy and softcopy is affected by cassette selection.
Re uct on o mages one w t a 14 x 14 or 14 x 17 IP s not a ways avora e. Us ng t e
sma est mag ng p ate or t e exam e m nates scatter outs e t e n t a co mat on an w
help create a more representative histogram during the reading. It also prevents the reader from
nc u ng anatomy not n t e pr mary reg on o nterest n t e stogram.
Frequency of UseT e Imag ng P ates use n Compute Ra ograp y are sens t ve to a types o ra at on, an
when used infrequently can store enough naturally occurring radiation to adversely effect anmage. It s recommen e t at an Erasure, us ng t e Secon ary Erasure Mo e, or an IP c ange,
us ng t e C ange IP unct on, e comp ete on any p ate t at as not een use n any g ven 48
hour period. Erasure or Change should also be performed on any imaging plate discovered in
an area w ere t may ave een expose to scatter ra at on.
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tationary Grids for Computed Radiography
D g ta mages suc as t ose pro uce n Compute Ra ograp y are sp aye n a pattern o
t ny rows o p xe s. Gr nes pro ecte on t e mag ng p ate rom t e use o a stat onary gr
can generate a form of interference with the image, producing a wavy artifact known as a
mo ré” pattern. Typ ca mov ng gr s or uc y’s ur t e gr nes, e m nat ng nter erencew t t e g ta matr x. In or er to re uce t e nter erence cause y stat onary gr s, attent on
should be paid to their proper selection. The important factors in the selection of a grid are
requency, rat o, ocus, an s ze.
Stationary Grid Recommendation for CR
Size of Imaging Plate Grid Frequency
4x17 or 14x14 40 LP cm 103 LP nc or g er
0x12 60 LP cm/150 LP or higher
x10 60 LP cm 150 LP or g er
Note: As opposed to the AC-1 series, models of CR readers such as the CR 9000, 9501 and
AC-3 ave a spec a ter es gn to suppress t e occurrence o t e mo ré art act on pr nte
mages, an t e use o 103LP gr s may e accepta e n t e 14 x 17 s ze. However, t ese are
not suitable for HQ images or 5000 series readers. If existing 103 line grids are currently being
use n t ese accounts, goo pos t on ng s s e p to re uce gr art act cause y angu at on
or an o -center eam. T e v ew ng o CR mages on a mon tor may s ow t e mo ré pattern
because the process of sub-sampling reduces the original CR matrix size to a number suitable
or CRT sp ay. I t s occurs, or n t e case o HQ 4K x 4K) mag ng or t e use o an FCR
5000 ser es rea er, t e emp oyment o gr s o no ess t an 150 nes nc s recommen e or
all sizes.
. Gr requency
Grid frequency is expressed as lines per centimeter or lines per inch. The higher the frequency,
t e more nes per nc ), t e t nner an ess o trus ve t e gr nes appear n t e mage.
Most gr s are etween 80 an 152 nes per nc .
I. Gr rat o
Grid ratio is the relationship between the height of the lead strips and the space between the
ea str ps. T e g er t e gr rat o, t e etter t e a sorpt on o scatter ra at on. T e owert e gr rat o t e more org v ng t e gr ecomes to pos t on ng error. A 6:1 rat o wou e a
good choice for portable exams allowing superior ease of use with adequate cleanup. A 10:1 or
2:1 rat o wou e a goo c o ce n t e ra o ogy epartment w ere a mu t tu e o exams may
e per orme un er a more xe geometry an at a g er eve o Vp.
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. ocus
T e most popu ar gr c o ces are para e an ocuse . Para e gr s comprom se mage
qua ty at t e outer e ges o t e mage an s ou not e use at stances ess t an 48 nc es but are less critical to beam centering. In the focused grid design, the lead strips are angled to
co nc e w t t e geometry o t e X-ray eam an must e use w t n stances spec e y
t e r oca range us ng a we -centere eam.
V. S ze
S ze re ers to t e p ys ca emonstrat ons o t e gr , owever t s mportant to recogn ze t at
typ ca y, sma er cassettes are rea at g er samp ng rates. Because o t s, t s mportant to
se ect a gr o g requency w en emp oy ng 10 x 12 nc or sma er cassettes. Consu t t e
recommen at on c art n t e se ect on o t e most appropr ate gr s or your use.
V. Obtaining grids and grid holders
Gr s w t o ers are ava a e or sa e t roug our customer serv ce epartment. A gr s
are 152 nes per nc w t 40”-72” oca stance. A so ava a e are two types o gr o ers,
which offer additional protection for the grid and support for the cassette. Contact our customer
serv ce epartment at 1-800-431-1850 or pr ce an purc ase n ormat on.
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CR System Speed
As oppose to convent ona screen m F xe spee ) systems, CR s ou e cons ere a
mu t -spee system. T e mage capture ev ce IP) use n CR emp oys a near capture o
exposure far exceeding the capabilities of any conventional film/screen system. For all imaging
mo es except F xe mo e), t e system centers t e exposure ata or process ng, an opt m zesens ty an contrast or sp ay. T ere ore, as exposure s ncrease or ecrease , ens ty an
contrast will remain consistent as opposed to conventional film/screen systems.
As ose ecreases n an e ectron c mag ng system, no se rom t e amp e ower s gna
ncreases. It is the responsibility of each facility to establish exposure ranges that employ the
owest ose ase on t e mage qua ty es re per exam nat on. For examp e, many ac t es
emp oy mu t p e m screen systems to opt m ze spec c exams:
00 Speed high contrast extremity film and screens
00 Spee opt m ze ow contrast c est system
00 Spee genera contrast system or rout ne exams
CR promotes exposure ranges capa e o opt m z ng mage qua ty or a exams, typ ca y
emp oy ng t e same mag ng p ate an cassette. CR o ers a too to e p u ge t e exposure
used on each exam. This tool is called the “S” number. For a thorough explanation of how to
use t s va ue to opt m ze mage qua ty at t e owest ose, see pages 9-11.
Automatic Exposure Controls (AEC) are used in the same manner as with screen/film systems.
Exper ence CR users requent y ut ze t e AEC’s + ens ty sett ng contro s or
opt m z ng mage qua ty.
Note: Even w en a p otot mer s use , resu te mAs may c ange epen ng on t e type o
cassette an etector most y ue to ac scatter c aracter st cs rom t e cassette etector). I
t e p otot mer was opt m ze or convent ona screen m, t s ou e c ec e an a uste
when starting to use CR systems.
he following procedure can be used to set up the AEC with CR:
. Use a m n mum o 10 nc es o water or 6 nc es o P ex g as as an a sor er.
2. Process t e CR mages un er t e Sens t v ty Menu, w c s oun n t e TEST Reg on.
. Make exposures, processing under sensitivity menu, until you get “S” numbers of 200-300.
4. T en o a trac ng run. Dens ty w a ways stay t e same, owever t e “S” num erw c ange. Use t e “S” num er to u ge trac ng o t e p otot mer.
5. With a double exposure, the “S” number will be approximately 2 the original value
“S” num er s nverse y proport ona ).
. Cut t e exposure y an t e “S” num er w approx mate y ou e.
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nformation on “S” Numbers
T e “S” num er s an n cator o t e p otost mu a e um nescence PSL) g ven o y t e
maging plate (IP) while being scanned by the laser. The range of the “S” number is zero to
20,045. T e va ues are nverse y proport ona to t e amount o ra at on t at str es t e IP.
The calibration of the “S” number is based on a 1mR exposure at 80 kVp and a SID of 72”.
W t t s exposure, t e “S” num er range s ou e a out 200.
“S” numbers under 75 should be considered overexposed, even though they may look normal
n appearance see pages 11-13). I t e “S” num er goes below 25 an t e “L” va ue s
typ ca y greater t an 2.0 mage qua ty may e comprom se . T ese gross y overexpose
mages cou appear w te un erexpose oo ng) ue to overcorrect on o t e EDR.
Un erexposure s ex te y a g “S” num er, genera y greater t an 500. An un erexpose
mage w ave a greater amount o quantum mott e no se) n t e mage. T e amount o
mottle/noise on the image will be proportional to a high (>500) “S” number.
Exposure s not t e on y actor t at a ects t e “S” num er va ues. “S” num er va ues can a so
be affected during patient examination. Other factors contributing to the “S” number are:
• Scatter more scatter- g er “S” num er)
• Distance - SID and OFD (dose and scatter)
• Co mat on goo co mat on re uces scatter)
• Exam nat on se ecte at t e IIP ue to stogram ana ys s)
• Delay in processing from time of exposure
Because o Exposure Data Recogn t on EDR) auto mo e see page 14 or more n ormat on),
t e “S” num ers can vary s gn cant y even un er t e same su ect an exposure con t ons.
T e o ow ng “S” num er ranges s ou prove as an accepta e gu e w en access ng
exposure recommen at ons.
Skull: 00-400 Chest, General: 200-600
A omen: 00-400 C est, Porta e: 00-400
Sp ne: 00-400 C est, Pe atr c: 200-700
GI: 00-300 Abdomen, Pediatric: 200-700
xtrem t es: 75-200
In ormation on “S” num ers continue ....
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Many t mes t s not es ra e to nc u e a t e anatomy t at can e p ys ca y covere y an
P. For examp e, a typ ca c est x-ray on a sma er pat ent may nc u e a arge sect on o t e
abdomen in the non-collimated beam. Inclusion of this extra tissue increases scatter radiation
as we as n uenc ng t e s ape o t e stogram, w c urt er re uces mage qua ty on t efinished radiograph.
Examp e A emonstrates a we -co mate an expose c est mage. From t s mage a typ ca
histogram appearance occurs. The width of the usable histogram is measured in decades of
ose. Examp e A emonstrates a stogram w t an “L” va ue o 2.0.
Example B, the non-collimated view, contains additional abdomen image information. The
nc us on o t s unnecessary n ormat on pro uces a w er stogram o 2.5 eca es o ose.
T s w er stogram re uces mage qua ty an a ters t e “S” num er. “S” num er s t e
center of the usable histogram. Even though the same exposure factors were used on both
mages, t e nc us on o t e a om na reg on on Examp e B ncrease t e “L” va ue an
su sequent y ncrease t e “S” num er.
L” values are as important as “S” numbers when critiquing images. On most studies “L”
va ues typ ca y range etween 1.7 to 2.3. A norma “L” va ues w create a norma “S”
num ers. Images s ou not e re ecte or repeate ecause o “S” num er a one. Image
quality should be judged on the hardcopy or diagnostic workstation. If you have questions
a out gross un er-exposure or over-exposure, see Accepta e Exposure Range or CR P ates.
Ot er actors t at s ou e cons ere w en cr t qu ng CR mages are co mat on, Vp, mAs,
positioning and the processing menu selected.
Example A Example B
Proper y co mate Non-co mate eam
Norma H stogram W er H stogram
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cceptable Exposure Range for Fuji CR Imaging Plates
A t oug t e ynam c range o Fu Compute Ra ograp y s extreme y w e, t s poss e to
acquire the image with so little or so much exposure as to exceed the recommended range.
Exposures a ng outs e t s range may comprom se mage qua ty - un erexpos ng t e
mag ng p ate m g t pro uce excess no se mott e), w e gross overexposure may resu t n t eoss of image data (this will be most noticeable as a loss of contrast in less dense body
structures).
Unlike standard screen/film systems which indicate over or underexposure by obviously dark or
g t ra ograp s, ens ty compensat on a unct on ng o EDR) ma es exposure errors ess
o v ous. As a resu t, mage qua ty can e severe y re uce w t out t e o v ous “re ag” o
g t or ar ms.
T e “S” an “L” va ues pr nte on a compute ra ograp can e use u n eterm n ng
exposure con t ons ave cause a oss n mage qua ty. Re at ve to t e anatomy e ng
maged, “S” serves as an indicator of average exposure level, and “L” represents the exposure’s
at tu e. T e o ow ng ta e n cates t e accepta e an unaccepta e “S” & “L” com na-
t ons. Com nat ons outs e t e accepta e range s ou e rev ewe an t e exposure
repeated if a lack of contrast or excessive mottle is apparent.
P ease post t e o ow ng two c arts near your CR Rea er s) or tec no og st re erence.
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F C R ( A C - 1 o r l a t e r )
S t a n
d a r d R e a d i n g R a n g e
S T
I m a g i n g P l a t e
- 5 0 0 0
5 0 0
1 , 0
0 0
1 , 5
0 0
2 , 0
0 0
2 , 5
0 0
3 , 0
0 0
3 , 5
0 0
4 , 0
0 0
4 , 5
0 0
5 , 0
0 0
1 .
3
1
. 4
1 .
5
1 .
6
1 .
7
1 .
8
1 .
9
2
2 .
1
2 .
2
2 .
3
2 .
4
2
. 5
2 .
6
2 .
7
L - v a l u e
S - v a l u e
S m a x
S m i n
p o s s i b l e u n d e r e x p o s u r e
r e c o m m e n d e d e x p o s u r e r a n g e
p o s s i b l e o v e r e x p o s u r e
S = 4 , 4 7 7
S = 3 , 9 9 1
S = 3 , 5 5 7
S = 3 , 1 7 0
S = 2 , 8 2 5
S = 2 , 5 1 8
S = 2 , 2 4 4
S = 2 , 0 0 0
S = 1 , 7 8 3
S = 1 , 5 8 9
S = 1 , 4 1 6
S = 1 , 2 6 2
S = 1 , 1 2 5
S = 1 , 0 0 2
S = 8 9 3
S = 9
S = 1 0
S = 1 1
S = 1 3
S = 1 4
S = 1 6
S = 1 8
S = 2 0
S = 2 2
S = 2 5
S = 2 8
S = 3 2
S = 3 6
S = 4 0
S = 4 5
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F C R ( A C - 1 o r l a t e r )
S t a n d a r d R e a d i n g R a n g e
H
R I m a g i n g P l a t e
- 5 0 0 0
5 0 0
1 , 0
0 0
1 , 5
0 0
2 , 0
0 0
2 , 5
0 0
3 , 0
0 0
3 , 5
0 0
4 , 0
0 0
4 , 5
0 0
5 , 0
0 0
1 . 3
1
. 4
1 . 5
1 . 6
1 . 7
1 . 8
1 . 9
2
2 . 1
2 . 2
2 . 3
2 . 4
2 . 5
2 . 6
2 . 7
L - v a l u e
S - v a l u e
S
m a x
S
m i n
p o s s
i b l e u n d e r e x p o s u r e
r e c o m m e
n d e d e x p o s u r e r a n g e
p o s s
i b l e o v e r e x p o s u r e
S = 2 , 6 8 6
S = 2 , 3 9 4
S = 2 , 1 3 4
S = 1 , 9 0 2
S = 1 , 6 9 5
S = 1 , 5 1 1
S = 1 , 3 4 6
S = 1 , 2 0 0
S = 1 , 0 7 0
S = 9 5 3
S = 8 5 0
S = 7 5 7
S = 6 7 5
S = 6 0 1
S = 5 3 6
S = 5
S = 6
S = 7
S = 8
S = 9
S = 1 0
S = 1 1
S = 1 2
S = 1 3
S = 1 5
S = 1 7
S = 1 9
S = 2 1
S = 2 4
S = 2 7
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Understanding EDR- Auto Mode
T e Auto process ng mo e w a ust ot t e ens ty an t e contrast. Auto process ng mo e
s use or t e ma or ty o exam nat ons n CR.
Auto mo e process ng a ows or mage ata on t e IP to e samp e an uses t e ExposureData Recogn zer EDR) to eterm ne opt ma rea ng con t ons. A stogram s create us ng
the raw image data. The histogram data will be processed in a manor consistent with the ana-
tom ca menu c o ce. For t s reason, t s mportant t at t e menu se ecte on t e IIP corre-
spon s w t t e pat ent exam nat on. I t e ens ty an contrast appear to e ncorrect or t e
particular examination, verify that the IP was processed under the proper anatomical menu.
More t an one v ew can e expose on a s ng e IP. In Auto process ng mo e, co mate
or ers are etecte w t a unct on nown as sp t exposure recogn t on process ng. For t e
best results, the collimated borders should be sharp and well defined. This ensures that
unnecessary n ormat on, suc as scatter, outs e t e co mate e ges w e e m nate rom
t e stogram ana ys s. T s process s o ten re erre to as PRIEF Pattern Recogn zer or
rradiated Exposure Field).
Accepta e Patterns o Exposure Recogn t ons are:
n cu t c rcumstances, w ere proper co mat on an goo pos t on ng seem mposs e to
o ta n, Sem , Sem -X, or F xe mo es m g t e a etter EDR c o ce.
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T e Sem process ng mo e s ou on y e use w en center ng an pos t on ng can e assure .
The Semi processing mode will make the proper density adjustments with a fixed latitude,
n epen ent o co mat on. T e Sem mo e o ers an a vantage over t e Automat c mo e, n
t at an EDR over-correct on, ue to co mat on recogn t on can e comp ete y avo e . T smode can be useful for: Odontoid, L5/S1 spot, sinuses, or any other tightly collimated exam
w ere scatter w reac t e p ate outs e t e area o nterest.
Green Stripe
T e s ze o t e center rea ng area var es w t menu se ect on. However, t s a ways ase on
the physical center of the imaging plate. If the primary area of interest is not positioned to the
center o t e cassette, mproper ens t es may e sp aye . T e Sem mo e s not recommen e
w en a g a sorpt on o ect, suc as meta prost es s, s ocate n t e center reg on o t e
cassette. These situations are better handled in the Auto or Fixed modes.
nderstanding EDR- Semi Mode
x7 cm
5x5cm
10x10 cm
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Understanding EDR- Semi-X
T e Sem -X mo e, e t e Sem mo e, w ma e t e proper ens ty a ustments w t a xe
at tu e va ue, n epen ent o co mat on. T e Sem -X mo e o ers an a vantage over Sem
mode in that the area of interest does not have to be positioned in the center of the cassette.
T s mo e can e use u w en o ng cross-ta e wor suc as ps or atera c-sp nes, w ere pos t on ng to t e center o t e cassette can e cu t.
t s mportant to a ways remem er t e or entat on o t e cassette. Was t e green str pe up
during the exam? This is most important for specifying the area of interest. Semi-X mode is
se ecte at t e IIP, un er t e EDR mo e. T s g ves you a p cture o t e raw ng on t e top
r g t. Se ect t e sector you want to use as t e centra ocat on or correct ng t e output ens ty
o t e anatom ca pos t on. T s usua y correspon s to t e t c est port on o t e anatom -
ca v ew. Use t e ey oar to enter t e va ue. To c ange t e output average ens ty, press
t e DENSITY ey an nput t e ens ty va ue 0.3-2.64). In most cases t e e au t o 1.2 w
wor we .
If you make DENSITY too high, the result may be a noisy and dark image.
Strive for the best density without darkening the whole image.
Green Str pe
4 6
3
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nderstanding EDR- Fixed Mode
T e F xe mo e w g ve t e mage a g t or ar appearance ase on t e amount o
exposure that is used. This is similar to a screen/film system when a manual technique is used.
How o you correct or a g t or ar mage n t e xe mo e? By a ust ng your tec n queand/or reprocessing the image at the Fuji workstation.
When to use the Fixed Mode
T e xe mo e s est use or t e pro em mage, or examp e:
X-Ta e H ps
C7-T1 Latera s
Any Bo y Part w t a ot o Meta Har ware
Any Image you Cannot Center Properly
ow to use the Fixed Mode
F xe Mo e s oun un er t e EDR Exposure Data Recogn t on) unct on. T e EDR s nor-
mally in the AUTO mode. To enter the Fixed Mode, press the button next to Fixed. Over time,
ac t es w eve op typ ca “S” num er ranges or eac exam type. Input a va ue represent-
ng t e “S” num er t at you w s to emu ate. Enter a xe “S” num er
relative to the procedure performed. Press <enter>. Process the IP. Adjust the radiographic
exposure as necessary or reprocess t e mage at your wor stat on.
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Using Standard Imaging Processing Parameters
T e o ow ng seven parameters represent t e stan ar mag ng process ng parameters t at
contro contrast, ens ty an spat a reso ut on. A seven o t ese actors nteract. T e most
common image quality modifications are; contrast-GA, density-GS, and enhancement-RE.
Contrast Resolution
GA Rotation Amount: a ust mage contrast. Su t e contrast c ange at GC.
Range from 0.6-1.4, with increments of 0.1.
GT Contrast Type: o ers near an non- near gra at on curves to vary t e toe an
s ou er port ons o t e curve. Curve se ect ons rom A-P.
GC Rotation Center: use w en contrast s to e var e an ens ty rema ns t e
same. Defines density point of GA. Range o 0.3-2.6, w t ncrements o 0.1.
GS Density Shift: to opt m ze ens ty
= More overa ens ty
= Less ens ty g ter or so t t ssue mage)
Range o -1.44 to +1.44 w t ncrements o 0.1.
Spatial Frequency Resolution:
RN Frequency Ran : set to su t t e anatom ca structure s ze e ng v sua ze en ance ). Low = arge organs; g er = one tra ecu ae.
Range of 0-9, with increments of 1.0.
RT Frequency Type: contro s t e egree o en ancement or eac ens ty
to re uce mage gra n ness. Curves se ect on rom F, P-V.
Frequency En ancement Degree: var es ow to g
0.0 = no edge enhancement at all, much like screen/film
6.0 = max mum amount ava a e
Range rom 0.0 to 9.9, w t ncrements o 0.1.Range from 10-16, with increments of 1.0.
Note: Care must e ta en w en ma ng a ustments to process ng parameters. It s poss e to
degrade image information if the algorithms are improperly applied. Contact your local
mag ng spec a st or more n ormat on on t ese a ustments.
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sing Dynamic Range Control (DRC)
T e use o DRC w a ow t e v sua zat on o e t er g or ow- ens ty reg ons or spec c
radiographic exams. This type of processing is controlled by three processing parameters that
are escr e e ow.
DRN Rank of Dynamic Range Control (0-9). This parameter defines the unsharp mask,
an s ou e ept at a re at ve y arge erne s ze w t regar s to t e erne RN)
e ng use y t e regu ar process ng parameters. T s num er s nverse y
proportional. “0” being the most unsharp and “9” being the sharpest.
DRT Type o Dynam c Range Contro A-H). For v sua z ng t e necessary ens ty range.
T s type s to trans orm t e smoot e s gna . Curves “A” t roug “D” represent
g ens ty, ra opaque areas. Curves “E” t roug “H” represent a ow ens ty,
ra o ucent area. T e range s A<B<C<D g ens ty, E<F<G<H ow ens ty.
DRE Enhancement of Dynamic Range Control (0.0-2.0). For controlling visualized
ens ty. T s parameter e nes t e we g t a ect) w t w c t e uns arp mas
s app e to t e or g na mage.
Using Tomographic Artifact Suppression (TAS)
TAS s a one- mens ona uns arp mas use to suppress t e art act, w c occurs rom near
tomograp y. T s process ng s contro e y t ree erent process ng parameters escr e
below.
Ran o Tomograp c Art act Suppress on 0-9). T s s use or sett ng spat a
frequency. This parameter defines the one-dimensional unsharp mask. This number
s ou e ept re at ve y arge so t w ave more a ect on t e art act an w not
ncrease t e gra n or mott e o t e mage.
ORT D rect on o Tomograp c Art act Suppress on 0-1). T s num er s or sett ng t e
rect on o t e cassette. Zero “0” or t e cassette n t e vert ca pos t on an one
“1” for the cassette in the horizontal position.
ORE En ancement o one mens on spat a requency 0.0-9.9, 10-16). T s parameter
e nes t e we g t ng actors o w c t e TAS s app e to t e or g na mage.
W en us ng t e TAS t e e ge en ancement RE) o t e or g na mage s ou e set re at ve y
ow to ecrease t e mott e or gra n o t e mage.
Note: Care must e ta en w en ma ng a ustments to process ng parameters. It s poss e to
egra e mage n ormat on t e a gor t ms are mproper y app e . Contact your oca
maging specialist for more information on these adjustments.
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rinted CR Film from a Fuji Laser
Process ng Parameters Pat ent ID F m Mar
xam ame Req. Num er Pat ent Name Sex Date o B rt
L# / S# / Contrast and Density Shift Date / Time of IP processing Image Size - Routine
GENERAL HOSPITAL
FUJI COMPUTED
RADIOGRAPHYIMAGE
G 1.2 O #1.6 -0.25 . COMMENT
CHEST, GENERAL 098551316
L . S C *1.0, *1.0 SMITH, JAMES [M] AUG. 25, 1960 B EXP.JAN.3.1996 [08:33] SCALE: 100% RT-01
Name of Institutionmage a e
enu o e mage
EDR Mode CR Device
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enitions of Alphanumerics
Name of Institution: A user e ne twenty-c aracter e o a p anumer cs an sym o s.
Image Plate Number: T s s t e arco e num er o t e p ate use to capture t e sp aye
mage.
Exposure Mode: T s s ng e etter represents t e EDR mo e se ecte at t e IIP
A = Automat c M = Manua
S = Semi or Semi-X F = Fixed
Menu Code (MPM): T s s a our- g t co e t at correspon s to t e exam name c osen at t e
.
CR Device: A user e ne s ng e etter t at ent es t e CR ev ce rom w c t e mage was
pro uce . Typ ca y t e etter A s c osen or t e rst rea er an B or t e secon , etc.
Image Number: T s num er s a Fu CR access on num er. T e num er starts at 001 an
runs cont nuous y rom 12:00:01 A.M. to 12:00:00 P.M. creat ng a a y og.
rocessing Parameter: T s st o etters, num ers an sym o s represent t e e au t
process ng parameters. NOTE: I t e parameters are o owe y t e star sym o ), t s s an
ndication that the parameters have been changed from the default values.
xam ame: T s name correspon s to t e Menu Co e at t e top o t e m. T e name or
each exam is user defined.
L Number: T s num er represents t e at tu e o t e mage sp aye on m.
S Number: T s num er represents t e p otost mu a e um nescence sens t v ty) g ven o
y t e mag ng p ate w e e ng scanne n t e rea er.
Contrast and Density Shift: Following the letter C on this line of information are two
num ers separate y a comma. Prece ng eac o t ese num ers s e t er a ) w c
represents pos t ve va ues, or a ) w c n cates negat ve va ues. T e e au ts are set at
*1.0, *1.0 and represent no change in contrast or density from default values.
Requisition Number: An E g t-c aracter user e ne e . Input or t s e s one at t eIP.
Information on definitions continued...
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atient Identification Number: A Ten-c aracter user e ne e . Input or t s e s one
at t e IIP.
atient Name: A twenty-c aracter user e ne e . Input or t s e s one at t e IIP.
Date and Time of Processing: This represents the time the Imaging Plate was processed and
not t e exposure t me.
ilm Mark: Input for this field is done at the IIP using the MARK function. This field allows
or custom annotat on. NOTE: T s e cannot e use to rep ace anatom ca L R mar ers.
Sex and Date of Birth: Input or t ese e s s one at t e IIP. T e e or pat ent sex s a
single letter field for M or F, it can also be left blank. The format for date of birth is user
e ne , or t e pat ents age can e su st tute n t s e .
Image Size: This scale represents the image size reduction if applicable.
rocessing Mode- Routine: Batc process ng n ormat on w e sp aye .
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Image Analysis
W at to C ec F rst-
. Was t e correct anatom ca menu se ecte ?
2. Was the body part well centered? Was the correct amount of collimation used?
3. Was scattere ra at on contro e ?
• Use gr t e o y part s over 10 cm. T s nc u es arge porta e c ests).
For gr recommen at ons see pages 6 an 7.
• Lea e str ps s ou e use w en o ng more t an one exposure on a
cassette.
4. Was t e correct Vp range use or t e o y part?
• Do not use a ove 90 Vp w t out a gr .
• Do not use ess t an 55 Vp or any genera ra ograp y exam.
5. Was t e correct IP use ? See page 5.
6. Was the “S” number within the acceptable range for this exam? See pages 9 and 10.
. Was t e “L” va ue w t n t e accepta e range or t e “S” num er? See pages 10-13.
. Has t e IP een use w t n t e ast 24 ours? Was t e IP expose to scatter ra at on pr or to use?
Neonata Spec c-
. Was t e correct menu se ecte ? Neonata exams are erent t an pe atr c.
2. Was t e Vp at east 55? Was t e mAs at east 1?
3. Was t e sma est cassette use ?
4. Was t e o y part pos t one n t e m e o t e IP? 5. Are t e “S” num ers an “L” va ues n t e correct range? See pages 9-13.
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Troubleshooting Guide
Image contrast and density
Contrast
ro em ossible Cause Solutions
Image contrast consistently Contrast parameter ncrease t e GA. A 10%
too ow. set too ow c ange n contrast equa s .10
change in the GA.
C ange t e GT gra ent
type). This change effects
ot er parameters suc as GA,
GS, an GC.
Image contrast consistently Contrast parameter Decrease t e GA. A 10%
too high. set too g c ange n contrast equa s .10
change in the GA.
C ange t e GT gra ent type).
T s c ange e ects ot er
parameters such as GA, GS,
an GC.
Image contrast inconsistently Grid Cut-off mproper alignment of grid.
too low in contrast
Contrast and Densit
roblem ossible Cause Solutions
Image contrast and density are mproper se ect on o C ec to see t at t e mage
too high or too low. anatomical menu was processed under the correct
menu name.
Image contrast and/or density ilm processing Check the density calibration
increase or decrease day to day. on t e aser pr nter, a ust
nee e .
C ec t e c em ca s or at gue.
Rep en s or rep ace as nee e .
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Density
roblem ossible Cause Solutions
Image is inconsistently dark mproper exposure Over ap o exposure w en
and flat ec n que or EDR o ng two on one exposures.
Scatter ra at on on t e gap
etween sp t exposures.
B urre co mat on e ge.
mproper split image pattern.
See page 14
Image is white or unexposed Gross overexposure Reduce the radiographic
exposure. I t e “S” num er
goes e ow <25 an t e “L”
value is greater than 2.0
mage qua ty may e
comprom se .
See page 9-13 or more
nformation.
Ima e ualit
Sharpness appearance of unsharpness)
roblem ossible Cause Solutions
Image looks unsharp in certain mage contrast an or A g er contrast or g er
areas of interest. ens ty set too ow ens ty may mprove t e
mpress on on s arpness. Try
a s g t ncrease n t e GA or
GS.
E too ow ncreas ng t e RE, ncreases
sharpness. Note: Increasing
t e RE w ncrease t e no se.
S arpness continue ...
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roblem ossible Cause Solutions
N too low Higher frequency
en ancement. Too mucrequency en ancement w
ncrease the graininess or
art acts.
T not adequate for The following RT’s (U, T, P,
s menu an F) may ncrease t e
s arpness, espec a y n t e
ow- ens ty r g t) reg ons.
RT of F will be the sharpest.
raininess
roblem ossible Cause Solutions
Overa mage gra n ness E set too g RE s ou e 0.0 to 1.0 or
for images in the same an enhanced image (too
anatom ca menu ow o RE can seem e an
uns arp mage).
N set too high Enhancement on a lower
requency.
T not a equate or RT’s o Q, R, S may ecrease
s menu gra n ness espec a y n t e
ow-density (bright) region.
Contrast too g Lower t e GA to ecrease t e
contrast. The impression of
gra n ness may mprove w t
ower contrast. A s g t
ncrease n t e GS m g t e
necessary.
Graininess continued...
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ro em Possible Cause Solutions
2K mage ata es T s occurs ue to g eve s
“ own” up to e s ze o no se n uce y t eimages on larger magnification process used to
cassette s ze stu es en arge an mage capture n a
2K x 2K ormat. An ncrease
n exposure, compared to the
or g na manu acturer’s
ntent ons may e requ re .
Fu HQ 4K x 4K) mage
capture s ava a e to s tes
w o requ re u reso ut on on
a cassette s zes w t no
ncrease in exposure
necessary.
Inconsistent Grainy Images X-ray exposures too low ncrease X-ray exposure. As
ose ecreases X-ray no se
quantum no se ncreases).
S” numbers greater than
500-ex t un erexposure.
ote: Even w en a p ototimer is
sed, resulted mAs may change
depending on the type of cassette an etector (most y
ue to ac scatter c aracteristics
from the cassette/detector). If the
p ototimer was optimize or
conventiona screen i m, it s ou
e checked and adjusted when
starting to use CR system.
Wrong anatomical menu Use the proper anatomical menu
or t e o y part.
Excessive Scatter on Image mproper collimation. Only area
o nterest s ou e expose ,
avo nc u ng extra anatomy.
Use a grid on thickness over 10cm.
Gr Cut-o mproper a gnment o gr .
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Artifacts
ro em ossible Cause Solutions
Artifacts appear on the border E set too g Strong en ancement may
igh-contrast anatomies and causes mage process ng
aterials, such as bone and artifact around high
etal contrast e ges.
White, irregular artifact ec an ca amage to C ec t e sur ace o t e IP,
appear on the image. e p osp or see t ere mec an ca
amage o t e same s ape.
White, grain-like artifacts hosphor damage or dust Check the surface of the IPappear on the image. an see any ust as
a ere to t. I so, w pe t
away using the proper
c ean ng tec n que.
See pages 30 an 31.
I t ere s no o v ous ust,
c ec t e co or t e IP
surface. If the IP has a slight
ye ow s co or, t means t at
mo sture as amage t e protect ve ayer an p osp or
itself.
Note: I iqui was e t on t e
sur ace o t e IP or a perio
of time, it might penetrate the
p osp or. T is usua y
appens i somet ing ot er
than anhydrous ethanol was
use to c ean t e IP or i IP
was put into t e cassettebefore is was completely dried.
Arti acts Continue ...
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roblem ossible Cause Solutions
Appearance of double exposed ouble Exposed The auto density adjustment of
images CR mages w pro uce a
ra ograp w t norma
appearing density and contrast
a prev ous y use IP s
acc enta y re-expose .
rasure systems Contact t e tec n ca support
a unct on ot ne.
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Routine Maintenance
Daily: C ec ens ty on t e pr nter processor.
Weekly: C ean a r nta es on t e CR rea er.
Monthly: Inspect Imaging Plates and clean as needed. Inspect cassettes for any
p ys ca amage.
Semi-annually: Do Preventive Maintenance (PM) as per Service Manual.
onthly Procedures
IP Cleaning: W e wear ng nt ree cotton g oves, nspect t e IP’s v sua y; remove any rt,
a r, or nt. Use e t er a nt ree c ot p otograp c ens c ot ) gent y ru ng t e sur ace o
t e IP, or rus t e IP w t a came a r rus . I art acts rema n, use t e recommen e
cleaning solution, always following the guidelines (MSDS) recommended by the distributor of
t e c ean ng so ut on.
Anhydrous ethanol is the only solution used for cleaning IP’s ST-V/HR-V generation or
g er. Do not use water, screen c eaner or sopropy a co o to c ean IP’s). Put a sma
amount o t e so ut on on t e nt ree c ot an w pe t e sur ace o t e IP n a z gzag pattern to
remove the artifacts. If an artifact cannot be removed by these methods or if physical damage
s note , t e p ate s ou e remove rom serv ce.
Cassette Inspection: Inspect cassettes for physical damage. (Insertion of a broken cassette
nto a CR rea er can resu t n mec an ca a ure an system s ut own). C ec cassette nges,nge r vets an c asps. Inspect ea ac ng or pee ng or ot er p ys ca amage.
Cassette Cleaning: CR cassettes can e c eane w t any o t e c ean ng so ut ons typ ca y
use or t e c ean ng o screen m ra ograp c cassettes. A ways remove t e IP e ore
c ean ng. DO NOT mmerse t e cassette w en c ean ng.
A protect ve p ast c) ag s ou e use w t t e presence o oo or ot er o y u s. DO
NOT nsert a mo st cassette nto t e CR rea er. I necessary, remove t e IP rom wet cassette
and insert (make sure the IP is dry) into a dry cassette. Blood or other body fluids should be
c eane w t t e appropr ate germ c a agent. A ways wear appropr ate protect ve c ot ng
w en an ng any so ut on.
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Cleaning Solution for Imaging Plates
T-V/HR-V Generation and Higher
mag ng P ates t at are generat on ST-V HR-V or g er s ou use an y rous et ano or
routine cleaning. Anhydrous ethanol is a water free liquid unlike isopropyl alcohol. This
so vent s a e era y contro e HAZMAT. FMSU cannot nventory, se , or prov e t sso ut on to t e en user.
Hosp ta a orator es or p armac es usua y ave t s so ut on n stoc or ot er uses, so we are
recommen ng t e ra o ogy Q.C. epartment s mp y o ta n t e r nee e supp y rom t e r
a oratory. In t e event t s s not t e case, sma quant t es 5 ga ons or ess per year) can e
purchased from:
armco Pro ucts, Inc.
58 Vales Road
roo e , CT 06804
Contact: Nancy Sm t 203) 740-3471 ext.116 Specify: Denatured Alcohol SDA3A 200 Proof
sopropy a co o can on y e use or c ean ng IP’s STIII generat on an o er.
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2 FUJIFILM Me ica Systems USA, Inc. Copyrig t © 2004
CR Imaging Plate and Cassette Warranty Policy*
Fu Compute Ra ograp y Imag ng P ate
FUJIFILM Me ca Systems USA warrants Fu CR Imag ng P ates to e ree rom
manu actur ng e ects or 1,000 exposures or one year rom ate o nsta at on or sa enstallation is not documented), whichever comes first. This warranty is voided if the IP is not
an e , expose , c eane or processe n t e manner escr e n t e FCR Rea er Serv ce
an or Operat ons Manua or t e IP s use n anyt ng ot er t an a Fu -manu acture CR
reader.
Fu Compute Ra ograp y Cassette
FUJIFILM Me ca Systems USA warrants Fu CR cassettes or a per o o one year rom ate
o nsta at on or sa e nsta at on s not ocument).
The following terms apply to the warranty for both CR Imaging Plates and cassettes.
. T e pro uct must ave een purc ase rom FUJIFILM Me ca Systems USA, or an
authorized reseller.
2. Pro ucts onore un er warranty, y FUJIFILM Me ca Systems USA, ecome Fu ’s
property.
3. Pro ucts amage t roug a use, neg ect, mproper an ng, unaut or ze
modification, or accident will not be replaced under warranty.
T s warranty po cy s m te to Imag ng P ates purc ase rect y rom FUJIFILM Me ca
Systems USA.
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3 FUJIFILM Me ica Systems USA, Inc. Copyrig t © 2004
Fuji Cares About the Environment*
FUJIFILM an ts su s ar es ave t re ess y an stea y cont nue ts e orts an act v t es n
t e rea m o env ronment preservat on. Fu m s e cate to “preserv ng a green Eart an
ts environment, preserving health, and preserving safety.” As part of this effort, FUJIFILM
Me ca Systems USA s prov ng t e o ow ng n ormat on on Fu Compute Ra ograp yFCR) Imag ng P ate sposa .
uji Imaging Plate Disposal
Many products used on a regular basis at healthcare facilities such as oil, fluorescent light
u s, s arps, sposa e surg ca supp es, an test spec mens must e spose o n a
spec a ze manner. Your FCR Imag ng P ates IP’s) conta n a sma amount o ar um w c
must e scar e n accor ance w t t e aws o you state an t e U.S. Env ronmenta
Protection Agency (EPA). The disposal of used IP’s must be handled by a licensed transport
an sposa company an must not e spose o mproper y.
uji Medical Will Help
FUJIFILM Me ca Systems USA as prov e t s s mp e gu e to ass st you n t e proper
disposal of your IP’s, which should make compliance easier. Please call your local Fuji CR
Spec a st or ca 800) 431-1850 an as or t e Env ronmenta Regu atory A a rs Department.
Your Responsibilities
Your ac ty may a rea y ave an EPA ent cat on num er. I you o not, you may nee to
apply for an EPA ID number from your state. Contact your state environmental protectionagency or t e appropr ate orms. T e use IP’s must e remove y an aut or ze transporter
an sposa organ zat on. P ease remem er t at you are u t mate y respons e or ow t e
use IP’s are spose .
T s n ormat on perta ns to customers w t n t e U.S.A. For customers outs e t e U.S.A.,
contact your appropr ate env ronmenta agency.
In ormation on Disposa o Fuji Imaging P ate continue ...
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4 FUJIFILM Me ica Systems USA, Inc. Copyrig t © 2004
Step by Step Instructions:
. App y or an EPA ent cat on , necessary.
. ave the used IP’s removed by an authorized organization (your state environmental
protect on agency can e p you ocate an aut or ze an reputa e sposa organ zat on).
. rior to removal of the used IP’s, ensure that the transporter has an accurate manifest.
. nsure t at a copy o t e man est s orwar e to you w t n 35 ays o t e ay t e use
P’s were accepte y t e transporter.
5. Assure t at you or your transporter prov es cop e o t e man est to ot t e or g n an
rec p ent states.
. T e paperwor must e ma nta ne y your organ zat on or a m n mum o t ree years.
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5 FUJIFILM Me ica Systems USA, Inc. Copyrig t © 2004
Image Review Log Sheet
Date T’S Name or Comments
.D. Number
Note: Any mages t at nee to e rev ew y an mag ng spec a st s ou e p ace on t s og. Inc u e any
a t ona n ormat on suc as tec n que, gr or pos t on ng s sues. A copy o t s og s ou e p ace n a areas
where images are reviewed.
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6 FUJIFILM Me ica Systems USA, Inc. Copyrig t © 2004
Notes
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