Fully ExtractiveVs.
Dilution ExtractiveCEMS
Cemtek EnvironmentalEmissions Seminar & Training Session
Santa Ana, CA
CEMTEK Environmental Inc.3041 S. Orange Ave.
a technical solution tomeet every need…
© 2009 Cemtek Environmental, Inc.
gSanta Ana, CA 92707
800-400-0200www.cemteks.com
Continuous Emission Monitoring
CEMS are required for a variety of different applications and can be found t f iliti h at facilities such as:
Turbines-Gas & Oil Fired, Boilers-Gas, Oil & Coal Fired, IC Engines-Landfill Gas, Wastewater Treatment-Sewage Sludge Incinerators & IC Engines, Sludge Incinerators & IC Engines, Refinery, Waste to Energy, Cogeneration & Process Applications
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CEMS& & Process Monitors
Ambient Dilution Full-Extractive Dry
Chemiluminescence, Fluorescence, NDIR, GFC, Zirconia,
Ambient, Dilution, Full-Extractive Dry,Hot-Wet Extractive
, , , , ,Paramagnetic, Tunable Diode Laser, Heated FID (Flame Ionization Detection) and FTIR Low NOx/NO/NO2/NH3/SO2/SO3/CO/CO2/O2/VOCs, Mercury, Opacity, Flow, Ozone, Calibrators and PM
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y, p y, , ,
CEMS TYPES
FULLY EXTRACTIVE (DRY BASIS)DILUTION EXTRACTIVE (WET BASIS)OTHERS:
•FULLY EXTRACTIVE (HOT/WET)•IN-SITU (CROSS STACK or PROBE)•EX-SITU (CLOSE COUPLED EXTRACTIVE)
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FULLY EXTRACTIVE - Dry Basis Sample Gas Dried To A Dew-point Of +2°C Excellent Performance In Low Concentrations Good Performance In High Concentrations Requires Preventative Maintenance MEASUREMENT TYPES: Chemiluminescence,
NDIR, UV Absorption, UV Fluorescence, Paramagnetic Zirconia FTIR DOAS IR-GFCParamagnetic, Zirconia, FTIR, DOAS, IR-GFC
Heated Probe Filter And Heated Sample Line Moisture Volume Needs to be Determined
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Moisture Volume Needs to be Determined –Constant or Measured
Probe
Sample Line
Probe
NOx
Pump
O2
CoolerCO
Inst Air
Cal Gas
Inst. Air
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Extractive Flow Schematic
SAMPLE CONDITIONING BAY
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SAMPLE COOLER
SAMPLE PUMPSAMPLE PUMP PERISTALTIC PUMP
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© 2009 Cemtek Environmental, Inc.
Fully Extractive Heated Probe
SYSTEM CONTROL PANEL
SAMPLE FLOWSAMPLE FLOW CONTROL PANEL
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SAMPLE PROBE WITH HEATED FILTER
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DILUTION EXTRACTIVE - Wet Basis DILUTES SAMPLE WITH CLEAN DRY AIR MINIMIZES MAINTENANCE USES HIGHLY SENSITIVE GAS ANALYZERSUSES HIGHLY SENSITIVE GAS ANALYZERS LOWER COST SAMPLE LINE – FREEZE
PROTECTED SIMPLE TO OPERATE SIMPLE TO OPERATE MEASUREMENT TYPES: Chemiluminescence
(NOx), UV Fluorescence (SO2), GFC-IR (CO), NDIR (CO2 diluent)
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© 2009 Cemtek Environmental, Inc.
Dilution Extractive Flow Schematic
Blow Back(purge)
Cal Gas
Bypass Air
Dilution Air(purge) Gas Air Air
Vacuum
Stack
Pressure Comp
Diluted Sample
O t
DILUTION PROBE SCHEMATIC (Out-Of-Stack)
Out
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Side View
Diluted Sample Out
VacuumDilution Air
Cal Gas
Pressure Comp
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DILUTION PROBE ARRANGEMENT (Out-Of-Stack)Out
Bypass
Top View
Bypass Air
Heated Filter
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DILUTION PROBE ARRANGEMENT (Out-Of-Stack)
Heated Block
Bypass Air
Blow Back Air
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DILUTION PROBE ARRANGEMENT (Out-Of-Stack)
DILUTION CONTROL PANEL
GAS ANALYZERSANALYZERS
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TRACE GAS SCRUBBERSSCRUBBERS
ACCUMULATORACCUMULATOR TANK
HEATLESS AIR DRYER
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CEMS SELECTION AND DESIGNApplication Choices – Dilution or Extractive Pollutant Concentrations Lowest constituent dictates May preclude dilution due to analyzer
limitations Mass Emissions Requirement Mass Emissions Requirement Dilution is a wet basis measurement Requires flow measurement
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APPLICATION CHOICES Dilution or Fully Extractive
Advantages Disadvantages
Dilution or Fully Extractive
Dilution Extractive
Low maintenanceMore reliableCoal fired
Low concentrations(Ratios above 100:1)
Coal firedSome oil fired
Fully Low concentrations Higher maintenanceExtractive Gas fired
Some oil firedFuel flow meter
Lower availability
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Fuel flow meter
Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems
Engineering&
Design
Gas TurbinesGas Turbines
CEMTEK Environmental Inc.3041 S. Orange Ave.
a technical solution tomeet every need…
© 2009 Cemtek Environmental, Inc.
gSanta Ana, CA 92707
800-400-0200www.cemteks.com
Gas Turbine Process Diagram
NOXCOO
Turbine Exhaust CEMS
NOX
SCR Inlet CEMS
Raw Material Dryer THC
O2NH3*
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Regulatory Compliance CEMS Process CEMS
Gas TurbineAir Quality Control Systemsy y
CO Catalyst
Natural Gas Fired Turbine
SCR NOX Control
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Conventional CEMS Ammonia Slip Measurement Techniquesq
Turbine Exhaust NOX + Converted NH3T bi E h t NO
Differential NOX/NH3 Converter Method
X 3Turbine Exhaust NOX
On Stack Converter
4 NH3 + 5 O2 = 4 NO + 6 H2O*High temperature catalyst
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NH3 slip (ppm) = NOX (ppm) (total converted) – NOX (ppm) (unconverted)
Conventional CEMS Ammonia Slip Measurement Techniquesq
T bi E h t NO
Inlet/Outlet Differential NOX Method
SCR Inlet NOX
Turbine Exhaust NOX
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NH3 slip = NH3 fed – (NOX in – NOX out)
Conventional CEMS Ammonia Slip Measurement Techniquesq
T bi E h t NH
Direct NH3 Measurement Method
Turbine Exhaust NH3
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Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems
Engineering&
Design
Coal Fired Utility BoilersCoal Fired Utility Boilers
CEMTEK Environmental Inc.3041 S. Orange Ave.
a technical solution tomeet every need…
© 2009 Cemtek Environmental, Inc.
gSanta Ana, CA 92707
800-400-0200www.cemteks.com
Coal Fired Utility Boiler Process DiagramProcess Diagram
SCR/SNCR NOX NH3 Slip
NOXSO2
Stack Exhaust CEMS
2COPMHgHCl
Flow
FGD Inlet SOX
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Flow
Regulatory Compliance CEMS Process CEMSCompliance/Process CEMS
Coal Fired Utility BoilerAir Quality Control SystemsAir Quality Control Systems
SCR/SNCRNOX Control
Activated Carbon Injection Mercury Control
Particulate/Opacity Control WFGD/DFGD
SOX Control
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SOX Control
Coal Fired Boiler FGD ScrubberGeneral CEMS Designg
Wet & Dry FGD CEMS Application CEMS Design Considerations
P b D i d A i Probe Design and Accessories Corrosion resistant materials for probe tube construction to
prevent attack from acid gases (Hastelloy, Inconel, etc.) Heated probe tube in wet stack (saturated) conditions to help Heated probe tube in wet stack (saturated) conditions to help
prevent corrosion Impingement shield on probe inlet to prevent clogging from
wet particulatep Demisters to knock down entrained water in sample prior to
entering dilution orifice Probe accessibility for maintenance and service Stack clearances for probe installation and removal Temperature effects on the density of the flue gas minimized
by the use of a heated orifice
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Coal Fired Boiler FGD ScrubberGeneral CEMS Designg
Wet & Dry FGD CEMS Application CEMS Design Considerations
S l U bili l D i Sample Umbilical Design Sample line routing and access. Keep in mind access for stack
testers and maintenance personnel.
TestPorto t
Heated umbilical for low dilution ratios (higher moisture concentrations)
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concentrations) Heated umbilical for low CO measurement applications in
conjunction with stainless steel tubing
Coal Fired Boiler FGD ScrubberGeneral CEMS Designg
Wet & Dry FGD CEMS Application CEMS Design Considerations
Dil ti Ai Cl D i Dilution Air Cleanup Design Plant air cleanup panel to condition air to instrument grade
may be required Redundant dilution air cleanup for added system availability Redundant dilution air cleanup for added system availability CO and trace gas scrubbers for removal of measured gases
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CO ScrubbersCO2 Adsorbers & Trace Gas Scrubbers