Functional Groups

Functional Groups

• Groups of atoms attached to a carbon chain that determine the chemistry of the molecule

• Usually combinations of C and H

• Identify and name compounds by the functional groups

• 7 main functional groups

• Alkanes– Single bonded Carbons

• Alkenes– Double bonded Carbons

• Alkynes– Triple bonded Carbons

• Aldehydes– Contains carbonyl group

• Ketones– Contains carbonyl group

• Ethers– Oxygen in the middle

• Carboxylic Acids– Contain a carboxyl group

• Alcohols– Contains an OH group

• Esters– Combination of Acid and Alcohol

• Amines - – Contain Nitrogen in functional group

Alcohols

• Alcohols end in –ol

• Need to number the position of the alcohol group

– Except in one or two carbon chains

• Name the following

• Name the following

• Name the following

Aldehydes

• Aldehydes end in –al

• Give the name of the longest carbon chain

• Functional group must be at the end of the chain

• Name the following

• Name the following

Ketones

• Ketones end in –one

• Must number the position of the functional group

• Cannot be at the 1 position– Those are aldehydes

• Common names have the alkyl groups on either side of the functional groups and end in ketone

• Name the following

• Name the following

Ethers

• Ethers end in ether

• Name the left and right alkyl groups then put an ether after it.

• Separate with a space and alphabetize

• Can also be oxy- groups

• -O-CH3 is is methoxy group

• Name the following

• Name the following

Carboxylic Acids

• End in –oic Acid

• Name longest carbon chain

• Name the following

• Name the following

Esters

• Esters end in –oate (I don’t know why)

• Name group off single bonded O then the rest of the carbon chain. Put a space between

• Name the following

• Name the following

Amines

• Three ways

• Common Names end in amine

• IUPAC Amine group is named as an amino substituent

• Chemical Abstracts (CA) named as alkan-amines

• Give an acceptable name for the following

• Give an acceptable name for the following

Homework

• p. 205 7.1ab 7.2a

• p. 232 8.1ac 8.2a

• p. 251 9.1ac 9.2 acd

• p. 285 10.1a 10.2bd 10.4a

• p. 295 10.13 10.14

• p. 322 11.3a 11.4a

• Name the following