Fund. of. Electronics-ch01-Course Outline

Fundamentals Of Electronic Circuits

Chapter 1:

Course outline and Introduction toCourse outline and Introduction to Electronics

Prof. Dr. Soliman MahmoudFaculty of EngineeringFaculty of Engineering

Electrical and Electronic Departmentsolimanm@sharjah ac ae

1

[email protected]

Course Team

Instructor : Prof. Dr. Soliman Mahmoud

Office : W9 228Office : W9-228

Office Hours: 10:00 AM- 11:00AM on every day from Sunday to Thursday.y y

Associate Prof. Dr. Soliman MahmoudElectrica and l Electronics Engineering Department

Fund. Of Electronic Circuits2

Course Componentsp

Three lectures per week



Assessment Systemy

Method % distributionMethod % distribution

assignments 10% 2 x 5%

major quizzes 15% 3 x 5%

midterm exam 1 15%midterm exam-1 15%

midterm exam-2 15%

final exam 45%



Attendance PolicyAttendance Policy

While lecture notes will be provided onWhile lecture notes will be provided onthe Blackboard, they are not a substituteffor attending lecture.The attendance policy for the LectureThe attendance policy for the Lecturefollows the university rules and policies.



Course Description The course serves as a basic course for electronics and computer for electronics and computer students in Electronic devices, A l i f l t i i it d i Analysis of electronic circuits, and in Analog and Digital integrated circuits Design. This course is divided into two basic parts: two basic parts:



Course DescriptionThe first part of this course introduces semiconductor materials, PN junction, Diodes, jBJT and MOS Transistors. Also, includes the DC and AC analysis of the basic MOS and BJT amplifiersamplifiers.The second part includes the BJT and MOS logic gates. The BJT logic gates include the saturated g g gand nonsaturated logic gates . The MOS logic gates include different types of MOS Inverters (Resistive Enhancement Depletion load inverters (Resistive, Enhancement, Depletion load inverters and CMOS inverters) and the combinational logic gates..



Course Contents

■ Introduction to Electronics■ Semiconductors, PN Junction and Diodes■ Semiconductors, PN Junction and Diodes■ MOS transistors, DC and AC analysis■ BJT transistors, DC and AC analysisJ t a s sto s, C a d C a a ys s■ Digital Logic gates, BJT Logic gates■ MOS InvertersOS e e s■ MOS Combinational logic gates



Course MaterialTextbook

1. A.P. Malvino, Electronics Principles, 6/e McGraw- Hill Books

References1.Neil Storey, Electronics : A System Approach . 3/e, University of

W i k C tWarwick, Coventry.2. Gray/Meyer, Analysis and design of analog integrated circuits, 4/e,

ISBN 0-47L-32L68-0, John and Wiley & sons, Inc.3. Sedra/Smith (2004). Microelectronic Circuits 5/e, Oxford University

Press, Inc.ISBN 0–19–517267–1.

4. Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Borivoje Nikolic ,Digital Integrated CircuitSecond Edition.Second Edition.

5. T. F. Bogart (1997).Electronic devices and circuits, Prentice Hall,ISBN~0133937607.



Course Material

Course Lectures on the Blackboard



Prerequisitesq

Electrical Circuits (DC and AC analysis)Electromagnetic and PhysicsElectromagnetic and Physics



Chapter(1)I t d ti t El t iIntroduction to Electronics

Objectives and outlines:1. The field of Electronics and Electronic systems2. Electronic componentsp3. Types of Electronic circuits4 Semiconductor Devices4. Semiconductor Devices5. Integrated Circuit (IC)



1. Electronics field and Electronic SystemsSystems

The field of Electronics comprises the studyThe field of Electronics comprises the studyand use of systems that operate by controllingthe flow of electronsthe flow of electrons.Electronic systems are used to perform a widevariety of tasks The main uses of electronicvariety of tasks. The main uses of electroniccircuits are:1 Th t lli d i f i f ti1. The controlling and processing of information.2. The conversion to/from and distribution of

electric power .



1. Electronic Systems (contd.)y ( )

One way of looking at an electronicOne way of looking at an electronicsystem is to divide it into 3 parts:

(i) I t(i) Inputs: Electronic or mechanical sensors(or transducers).

These devices take signals/information from externalsources in the physical world (such as antennas) andconvert those signals/information into current/voltageconvert those signals/information into current/voltageor digital (high/low) signals within the system.



1. Electronic Systems (contd.)y ( )

(ii) Signal processors:(ii). Signal processors:These circuits serve to manipulate, interpret andtransform inputted signals in order to make them usefultransform inputted signals in order to make them usefulfor a desired application.Recently, complex signal processing has beenRecently, complex signal processing has beenaccomplished with the use of Digital Signal Processors.

(iii) Outputs: Actuators or other devices (such as(iii). Outputs: Actuators or other devices (such astransducers) that transform current/voltage signals backinto useful physical form (e.g., by accomplishing ap y ( g , y p gphysical task such as rotating an electric motor).



1. Electronic Systems (contd.)y ( )For example, a television set contains these 3 parts. Thetelvision's input transforms a broadcast signal (receivedby an antenna or fed in through a cable) into acurrent/voltage signal that can be used by the devicecurrent/voltage signal that can be used by the device.Signal processing circuits inside the television extractinformation from this signal that dictates brightness,colour and sound level.Output devices then convert this information back intophysical form A cathode ray tube transforms electronicphysical form. A cathode ray tube transforms electronicsignals into a visible image on the screen. Speakersconvert signals into audible sound.


Fund. Of Electronic CircuitsSpring 2010 16

2. Electronic component pAn electronic component is a basic electronic element

ll k d i di t f ith tusually packaged in a discrete form with two or moreconnecting leads or metallic pads. Components areintended to be connected together, usually by solderingg , y y gto a printed circuit board, to create an electronic circuitwith a particular function (for example an amplifier, radioreceiver or oscillator)receiver, or oscillator).Components may be packaged singly (resistor,capacitor, transistor, diode etc) or in more or lessp , , )complex groups as integrated circuits (operationalamplifier, resistor array, logic gate etc).



2. Electronic componentp

Hitachi j100 Adjustable frequency deriveAssociate Prof. Dr. Soliman MahmoudElectrica and l Electronics Engineering Department


Hitachi j100 Adjustable frequency derive

3. Types of circuits1. Analog circuits (or analogue circuits) refers toelectronics circuits with analog signals with anycontinuously variable signal.y g

Examples of Analog Circuits:Multipliers, Amplifiers, Filters, and Modulators



3. Types of circuits (contd.)2 Di it l i it f t l t i i it ith Di t2. Digital circuits refers to electronics circuits with Discretesignals with a number of different discrete levels.- In most cases the number of different levels of signal isost cases t e u be o d e e t e e s o s g a stwo (Binary Signal).- Logic gates, Filp-flops, Counters, Registers, Electronicclocks and programmable logic controllers (used to controlclocks, and programmable logic controllers (used to controlindustrial processes) are constructed of digital circuits.Digital Signal Processors are another example.



3. Types of circuits (contd.)

3. Mixed-signal circuits refers to integratedcircuits (ICs) which have both analogcircuits and digital circuits combined on agsingle semiconductor die or on the samecircuit boardcircuit board.

- Analog to digital converters and digital tol t th i lanalog converters are the primary examples.



Example Application of Mixed-Signal Integrated CircuitsIntegrated Circuits

ADSL transceiverADSL transceiver



4. Semiconductor Devices4. Semiconductor Devices- Semiconductor devices are electronic

t th t l it th l t i ticomponents that exploit the electronic propertiesof semiconductor materials, principally silicon,germanium and gallium arsenidegermanium, and gallium arsenide.- Semiconductor devices have replacedthermionic devices in most applications. Theypp yuse electronic conduction in the solid state asopposed to the vacuum state.

S i d t d i il bl- Semiconductor devices are available asdiscrete units or can be integrated along with alarge number devices onto a single chip calledlarge number devices onto a single chip, calledan integrated circuit (IC).



5. What is the Integrated Circuit (IC)? g ( )

Integrated circuit: Another name for agchip, an integrated circuit (IC) is a smallelectronic device made out of aelectronic device made out of asemiconductor material.Integrated circuits are used for a variety ofdevices, including microprocessors, audio, g p ,and video equipment, and automobiles.



5. What is the Integrated Circuit (IC)? (contd )(IC)? (contd.)

Integrated circuits are often classified by the number of transistors/chip :

Technology No. of Transistors/ chip

SSI (small-scale integration): Up to 100

MSI (medium-scale integration) From 100 to 3,000

LSI (l l i i ) F 3 000 100 000LSI (large-scale integration) From 3,000 to 100,000

VLSI (very large-scale integration) From 100,000 to 1,000,000

ULSI (ultra large-scale integration) More than 1 million



Integrated Circuit HistoryFirst transistorFirst transistor

19471947Picture shows a point-contact transistor structure comprising the plate of n type germaniumthe plate of n-type germanium and two line-contacts of gold supported on a plastic wedge.

Source:W. Shockley, “The path to the conception of theThe path to the conception of the junction transistor”,IEEE Tr. on Electron Devices ED-23, 597 (1976). , ( )



First monolithic integrated circuitFirst monolithic integrated circuit

1961Picture shows a flip-pflop circuit containing 6 devices, produced in l t h lplanar technology.

Source:R N Neyce “SemiconductorR. N. Neyce, Semiconductor device-and-lead structure”,U.S.Patent 2,981,877



First microprocessorp

1971Picture shows a four-bit microprocessorIntel 4004.10 t h l10 µm technology3 mm × 4 mm2300 MOS FET2300 MOS-FETs108 kHz clock frequencySource:Intel Corporation



Pentium IV processorp

2001Picture shows a ULSIchip with 32-bit processorIntel Pentium 4.0.18µm CMOS technology17.5 mm × 19 mm42 000 000 components1.6 GHz clock freuqncySource:Intel Corporation



Introduction to Electronics

END of Chapter 1END of Chapter 1



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Fund. of. Electronics-ch01-Course Outline

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