Date post: | 08-Sep-2014 |
Category: |
Education |
Upload: | mariyah-ayoniv |
View: | 1,566 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Fundamental Concepts of Strategic Planning
DEM 734 - Seminar in Strategic Planning and Institutional Effectiveness
Presented by:
Maria leonora e.vinoya
Strategic planning > is an organization's process
of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy.
Generally, strategic planning deals with at least one of three key questions:
"What do we do?" "For whom do we do it?" "How do we excel?“
The managerial process of developing and maintaining a viable link between the organization’s objectives and resources and its environmental opportunities.
1.1 Definition of Plan, Planning, and Educational Planning1.2 Educational Development1.3 Nature and Scope of Planning1.4 Long Term, Medium Term and
Short Term Planning
1.5 Rolling Plan and Single Purpose Plan1.6 Physical and Economic Planning 1.7 Allocative and Innovative
Planning1.8 Different Approaches to Educational Planning
- a detailed proposal for doing or achieving something.
- decide on or arrange in advance.
is the formal process of making decisions for the future of individuals and organizations.
Dealing on aims and objectives Selecting to correct strategies and
program Determining and allocating the resources
required Ensuring that plans are communicated to
all concerned.
It does this by helping you to:
Decide how and where to set priorities
Decide how to accomplish not only your short-range goals, but also your medium and long-range goals.
Cont….
Build on the strong and successful parts of the program, as well as to identify and improve the weak parts.
Reach agreement in the school community about what to do and how to do it.
WHAT A GOOD PLANNING PROCESS IS WHAT A GOOD PLANNING PROCESS IS
NOT
It is organized thinking It is the setting of
priorities in the use of resources
It is trying to anticipate the future
It is involving those affected by the results of planning and opening communication channels
It is not merely writing a plan or filling out forms
It is not using steps or processes that don’t work
It is not involving people without considering their ideas
It is not deciding what to do without figuring out how it will happen
WHAT A GOOD PLANNING PROCESS IS
WHAT A GOOD PLANNING PROCESS IS NOT
It is adapting and modifying steps or processes until they work for you.
It is using leadership to motivate people and to coordinate their ideas.
It is reflecting on what has been planned already and how it is working.
It includes the periodic recording of planning decisions for future reference.
It is not letting the program guide and coordinate utself.
OPERATIONAL PLANNINGINTERMEDIATE PLANNINGCONTINGENCY PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNING
What is OPERATIONAL Planning ? short-range planning that deals with day-
to-day maintenance activities
Performed at a unit or departmental level
Done as part of the overall strategic planning
What is INTERMEDIATE Planning ? a planning that is usually done in the middle of the fiscal year
process: mid-year appraisal followed by affirming ongoing plans and setting forth new plans for the rest of the year
What is CONTINGENCY Plan?
managing the problems that interfere with
getting work done
could be reactive or proactive
What is STRATEGIC Planning? is defining and prioritizing long-term plans
that includes examining an organization’s purpose, mission, philosophy and goals in the light of its external environment
it is proactive and future-oriented, focuses on a
3-5 year operation of the organization
it generally aims at creating an image of the desired future and design ways to make
plans a reality
Identification and examination of future opportunities, threats,
and consequences
The process of analyzing the environment and
developing compatible objectives along with the
appropriate strategies with policies capable of
achieving those objectives
Integration of the various elements of
planning into an overall structure of plans so that each unit of the
organization knows in advance what must be
done when and by whom
Strategic
planning
Scope of strategic planning (from: ANN MARRINER TOMEY)
• External assessment• Internal assessment• Priority issues and programs• Vision, mission, values, philosophy
• Goals: >strategic – organization>operational – division, unit• Objectives• Strategies >timelines >plans• Policies and procedures• Implementation• Evaluation
(Source: MARQUIS & HUSTON, KELLY-HEIDENTHAL, & TOMEY)
1.Analyze the organization’s internal and external environment (SWOT analysis)
2.Conduct a stakeholder assessment3.Define the purpose of the organization4.Clarify values important to the organization5.Set the goals and objectives
6.Communicate the goals and objectives to the constituents
7.Identify strategies – set time lines and tasks
8.Estimate and allocate resources
9.Develop and communicate a marketing or business plan
10.Establish a system for the implementation and monitoring of policies, procedures, and rules
11.Establish a system for exchanging information and building consensus
12. Provide a mechanism for evaluation
The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the training, instructions or study that leads to the acquisition of skills or knowledge, or the development of reasoning or judgment.
Clarification of Educational Objectives Diagnosis of present conditions and
recent trends Assessment of alternatives Translation of plans into action Evaluation and Adjustment
o Pre-planning Stageo Planning Stageo Diagnosiso Formulation of Policyo Assessment of Future Needso Costing of Needs
o Target Settingo Feasibility Testingo Plan Formulationo Plan Elaborationo Plan Implementationo Plan Evaluation, Revision and Re-
planning
o Pre-planning Stage Precedes the actual planning exercise.
o Planning Stage The preparatory step A systematic activity which determines
when, how and who is going to perform a specific job.
o Diagnosis Constitutes an unavoidable part of the plan
execution process.
o Formulation of Policy The development of effective and
acceptable courses of action for addressing what has been placed in the agenda.
o Assessment of Future Needs Policy-makers need also to address the
issues of which implies the improving the knowledge about the expectations and behaviors of workers.
o Costing of Needs Provides guidance and practical advice on
preparing costing information and is based on a consistent approach.
o Target Setting Involves establishing SMART goals. Provides a sense of direction and purpose
o Feasibility Testing Brings in a series of practical constraints Helps to integrate ethical considerations
with other aspects of decision
o Plan Formulation Is a repetitive The process of identifying alternative plans
that achieve a set of planning objectives.
o Plan Elaboration Involves the execution of plan
o Plan Implementation Decide on how they are going to
implement a project, which is the strategy.
o Plan Evaluation, Revision and Re-planning Sort of cyclical process
1. Planning is purposeful Is a means towards the accomplishment of
objectives Planning has no meaning unless it
contributes to the achievement of desired goals.
2. Planning is a primary function Is the basis of management process. Without planning there is nothing to
organize, no one to actuate and no need to control.
1. Planning is an intellectual process.
Is a mental process involving imagination, foresight, and sound judgment.
2. Planning is a continuous process Is an ongoing and dynamic exercise.
1. Planning is forward looking. Involves looking ahead and preparing
for the future.
2. Planning involves choices. Involves a careful evaluation of
various alternatives to select the most appropriate alternative.
1. Planning is an integrated process
Is a structured process and different plans constitute a hierarchy.
Plan of 10-20 years or even 25 years.
Plans of 4-7 years, prepared against the back drop of a long term perspective plan, have operationally proved to be the most efficient.
Plan of 1-3 years This needs to be adopted only as an
inevitable alternative to medium term planning and that , too, on an emergency basis.
That ends my report. Thank you
for listening attentively.
Good Day!!!Happy Listening.