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Fundamentals of Flowmeters
John McCutcheon January 2014
What are Flowmeters? Instruments to
measure Linear Nonlinear Mass or
Volumetric flow rates of liquid or gas.
Why is flow measurement vital?
Industrial sectors Water supply Oil extraction Gas distribution Pharmaceutical industry
Types of Flow Measurement
Mass flow rate
Volume flow rate
Flow Fluid MeasurementsVolumetric Flow Rate
Q = VTQ = volume x time
Q = V x A Flow = velocity x area V = Q * TVolume = flow x time
Fluid Flow Measurements
Reynolds Number
(Re) = p x D * v/u
p = densityD = internal pipe diameterV = velocityU = dynamic viscosity
Types of Flow
Laminar Transition Turbulent
Laminar Flow
Transition Flows
Turbulent Flow
Flow of Fluid
Factors affecting flow of fluid:
Velocity – speed fluid moves Viscosity – ease of flow of fluid Density – weight per unit volume
Flow Meter Types
Flow Meter Types
Flow Meter Types
Flow Meter Types
Flow Meter Investigation(Variable Area Flow Meter)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Mass Flow Meter Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Coriolis Flowmeter Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Differential Pressure Meters Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Turbine Meter Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Flow Meter Selection Reasons What is the fluid being
measured by the flowmeter or flowmeters (air, water, etc.)?
If it is not water, what viscosity is the liquid?Is the fluid clean?
If this is a process application, what is the size of the pipe?
What is the minimum and maximum process pressure?
What is the minimum and maximum process temperature?
Is the fluid chemically compatible with the flowmeter wetted parts?
Calibration Must be done
conditions of actual operation.
Performed by a certified company.
Types Of Calibration
Wet calibration
Standing start and finish method
Reasons For Calibration Deposit on
internal surfaces Contamination Chemical attack Abuse Aging
Electrical changes Mechanical
changes Fluid property
differences Improper
instilation External
influences
Calibration Time scale When should
these be calibrated?
Does time play a factor?
Do they require to be calibrated?
Summary Of Investigation
Any questions?