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Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller International Audio Laboratories Erlangen www.music-processing.de
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Page 1: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Fundamentals of Music Processing

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Meinard Müller International Audio Laboratories Erlangen

www.music-processing.de

Page 2: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 2

Book: Fundamentals of Music Processing

Meinard Müller Fundamentals of Music Processing Audio, Analysis, Algorithms, Applications 483 p., 249 illus., 30 illus. in color, hardcover ISBN: 978-3-319-21944-8 Springer, 2015

Accompanying website: www.music-processing.de

Page 3: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 3

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony 5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition 5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition 5.4 Further Notes

In Chapter 5, we consider the problem of analyzing harmonic properties of a piece of music by determining a descriptive progression of chords from a given audio recording. We take this opportunity to first discuss some basic theory of harmony including concepts such as intervals, chords, and scales. Then, motivated by the automated chord recognition scenario, we introduce template-based matching procedures and hidden Markov models—a concept of central importance for the analysis of temporal patterns in time-dependent data streams including speech, gestures, and music.

Page 4: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 4

5 Chord Recognition Teaser

Page 5: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 5

5 Chord Recognition Fig. 5.1

Page 6: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 6

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.2

Page 7: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 7

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.3

Page 8: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 8

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.4

Page 9: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 9

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.4

Page 10: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 10

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.5

Page 11: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 11

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.6

Page 12: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 12

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.6

Page 13: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 13

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.7

Page 14: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 14

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.8

Page 15: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 15

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.9

Page 16: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 16

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.10

Page 17: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 17

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.11

Page 18: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 18

5.1 Basic Theory of Harmony Fig. 5.12

Page 19: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 19

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.13

Page 20: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 20

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.14

Page 21: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 21

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.15

Page 22: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 22

Cho

rd

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.15

Time (seconds)

Chr

oma

Page 23: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 23

Cho

rd

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.15

Time (seconds)

Chr

oma

Page 24: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 24

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.16

Page 25: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 25

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.17

Page 26: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 26

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.18

Page 27: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 27

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.19

Page 28: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 28

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.20

Page 29: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 29

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.20

Time (seconds)

Page 30: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 30

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.20

Time (seconds)

Page 31: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 31

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.21

Page 32: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 32

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.21

Time (seconds)

Page 33: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 33

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.21

Time (seconds)

Page 34: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 34

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.21

Time (seconds)

Page 35: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 35

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.21

Time (seconds)

Page 36: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 36

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.21

Time (seconds)

Page 37: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 37

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.22

Page 38: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 38

5.2 Template-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.23

Page 39: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 39

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.24

Page 40: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 40

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.25

Page 41: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 41

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.25

Page 42: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 42

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.26

Page 43: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 43

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Table 5.1

Page 44: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 44

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.27

Page 45: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 45

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Table 5.2

Page 46: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 46

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.28

Page 47: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 47

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.28

Page 48: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 48

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.29

Page 49: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 49

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.30

Page 50: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 50

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.31

Page 51: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 51

5.3 HMM-Based Chord Recognition Fig. 5.32

Page 52: Fundamentals of Music Processing - AudioLabs - Home · Fundamentals of Music Processing Chapter 5: Chord Recognition Meinard Müller . International Audio Laboratories Erlangen .

Meinard Müller: Fundamentals of Music Processing

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015

Chapter 5: Chord Recognition

Slide 52

5.4 Further Notes Fig. 5.33


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