Funzionalit e applicazioni di droni in campo navale

Ing. Laura Occhiodoro

Il quadro normativo per la certificazione di Remotely Operated

Vessels

Rules for the Certification of Remotely Piloted Vessels

rev. 1 Implementation of the Code

RINA Services has published in 2015 the first issue of Rules for thecertification of Remotely Piloted Vessels

RINA Services during year 2016 has amended the Rules for the certification ofRemotely Piloted Vessels

RINA Services has certified the Unmanned Surface Vessel intended to beoperated by ARPA Umbria in the Trasimeno Lake for environmental monitoring.

RINA Services is in touch with some Manufacturers of Remotely Piloted Vesselsfor the certification of new prototypes

Rules for the Certification of Remotely Piloted Vessels apply to remotely piloted

vessels intended for research activities, specialized operations or experimental

activities. In the new rev.1 have been extended the typologies of activities such as:

surveillance of land or installations, environmental monitoring, agricultural use,

photogrammetric activities, bathymetric surveys, water chemic/physic/bio data

acquisition, sampling collection, current/stream flow measuremen, equipment

positioning etc

Pilot always present and responsible for navigation control

Some operations may be set to be done automatically. It is still under discussion

the implementation of the requirement for the automatic operation of the

Remotely Operated Vessels

Purpose of the Rules

Up to 10 meters length (Loa). In rev.1 has been added

a new categorization of the RPV These Rules contains

different requirements for remotely piloted vessels up

to 2,5m or 45 kg (man portable) and for remotely

piloted vessels of more than 2,5m and 45 kg (light and

heavy weight).

Operating on lakes and similar inland waters or in sea

only in sheltered areas. In the rev.1 has been added a

new categorization of the waters of operation of RPV

These Rules contains different requirements for

remotely piloted vessels operating in navigable or

swimming waters and remotely piloted vessels

operating in waters not accessible except by properly

trained personnel (such as water basin).

Fields of application

Speed up to 4 knots

Propulsion: batteries and traditional in water

propeller. In rev. 1 has been added the possibility to

have other type of propellers The use of air

propellers may be taken into consideration. The

propeller (in air and in water) have to be provided

with protective grid. Also other type of energy

source Other type of propulsion (i.e. hybrid

propulsion) will be evaluated individually taking into

consideration what required for this type of

propulsion in RINA Rules for Ships as far as practicable

and applicable for this type of vessels and their use

and area of operation.

Fields of application

Specific limitations may be given to the vessel

The possibility to carry cargo will be evaluated

The operations close to ports or other congested

areas are to be conducted in VLOS-Visual Line OfSight

Limitations

First issue

Rev.1

The Certificate of Compliance is to be intended as valid

for a single unit and the reference identifying the vessel

is to be indicated in the Certificate.

The Certificate of Compliance is to be intended as a

Type Approval valid for the model. If no significant

modifications are carried out on the model the Type

Approval has validity a of 5 years. If significant

modifications are carried out after the relevant

verifications a new Type Approval is to be issued. The

procedure of the renewal of the Type Approval has to be

agreed with RINA.

Type of Certification

Certification ofEquipment

Pollution prevention

The equipment fitted on remotely piloted vessels is

to be type approved by RINA or provided with a

certificate in accordance with other national or

international standards recognized by RINA

The vessel is to comply with the environmental rules

applicable to vessels operating in its area of

operations

Certification of equipment and pollution prevention

Surveys are to be carried out according to the RINA Rules

The equipment dedicated to the remote operation is yearly subject to:

visual inspection

electric and electronic verifications

Surveys for the issue and maintenance of the certificate of compliance

Hull

Stability

The hull strength is to be verified in accordance with ISO 12215 or

the RINA Rules for the Classification of ships made in composite

material, aluminium or wood, as applicable

Equipment for the service of the RPV: located above the deck in

the part of the vessel not included in the stability buoyancy or in

the WT hull

Hull is to be fully watertight with no openings

The operative apparatus: located inside the

deckhouse/superstructure as high as possible above the

deck/platform or inside the WT hull

The stability may be assessed using:

ISO 12217-1 for motor vessels over 6 meters in length

ISO 12217-3 for motor vessels of less than 6 meters Satisfy the ultimate survivability principle

The minimum stability and freeboard are to take into

consideration the presence of one person (rev.1 only for RPV >

2,5m or 45 kg)

Electric propulsion supplied by batteries (or hybrid)

The propulsion engines systems:

at least two

fully independent

An emergency shut off of the engines and all the equipment is to be foreseen on board

The emergency source for electrical power is to supply essential equipment (e.g

navigation lights)

The capacity of batteries is to be suitable for a typical mission and way back to the

harbor/land

The status of the batteries and the residual capacity of the remotely piloted vessel is

to be shown in the GCS-Ground Control Station

An alarm of the approaching discharge of batteries is to be given to the pilot

Propulsion

The navigability and maneuverability are to be tested by means of navigation tests

The test is to be carried out where the remotely piloted vessel is intended to sail (see new

operative areas) or in a similar environment

Turning test: into the current the anchor may be used, in the other tests the anchorcannot be used

Stopping capacity: the vessel is to be able to stop facing downstream in good timewhile remaining adequately maneuverable

The vessel is to be able to:

sail astern against the current

take evasive action in reasonable time

turn in a reasonable time

Maneuverability

Steering is to permit maneuverability required by the Rules

Powered steering system are to be so designed that the mechanism intended for steering

cant change position unintentionally

Avoid the spread of water-pollution lubricants

Power operated steering apparatus is to be duplicated

The steering systems: hydraulic or electric

Where steering and propulsion are integrated in the same system, a single failure is not to

put one of the two services out of order

Steering

Redundancy of controls is to be provided

A failure of the remote control is not to make the remotely piloted vessel exit the

SFZ-Sail Fence Zone

If the remotely piloted vessel goes out of the SFZ it will perform the following task:

1. The system sends a warning message to the GCS-Ground ControlStation

2. The system goes into Safe Condition

The pilot is to have the possibility to disable the function in case of special

procedures.

Requirements for remote control - 1

Controls of propulsion engine, systems for stopping and systems necessary to carry out the service of the vessel

The system for stopping navigation is to be independent of other control system

A failure of the stopping system is not to create the loss of the main control and command

system

In case of manually operated remotely piloted vessels, possible failures are:

1. Failure of Ground Control Station

2. Failure of the data link

3. Failure of the autopilot system

In case of failure, the remotely piloted vessel is to gradually stop in safety inside the SFZ

Failure in the remote control: system is to automatically switch to the Safe Condition

Automatic or manual device to arrest the navigation

Requirements for remote control - 2

Controls of propulsion engine, systems for stopping and systems necessary to carry out the service of the vessel

The data link is to ensure the execution of the functions of Command and Control

with the necessary continuity and reliability

The data link has to permit:

1. Command and Control of the remotely piloted vessel

2. Activation of the system to stop the remotely piloted vessel manually

The functioning of the data link is to be demonstrated in the electromagnetic

environment where its expected to work and together with the possible radio link

Radio link between the remotely piloted vessel and the ground station

Requirements for remote control - 3

Data link

The remotely piloted vessel is to have at least two links

In case of failure of both the main links, the remotely piloted vessel is to:

1. Stop operations and shut off the propulsion

2. If, after 60 seconds or less, the radio signal is not restored, the remotely

piloted vessel is to set itself automatically in the safe condition dropping

anchor when possible, otherwise keeping the position using the dynamic

positioning system

Requirements for remote control - 4

Data link

Structural fire protection: Attention is paid on the type of fire divisions to be ofcertified type depending on the vessel characteristics.

Systems: In the enclosed spaces, according to the fire risk and vessel dimensions, afixed fire-extinguishing system, may be fitted.

Fixed-systems to be remotely operated. For RPV of more than 2,5m and 45 kg a

portable fire extinguisher is to be fitted.

Fire protection

Safety systems

Safety system, visibility and indication, navigation lights and equipment

Electronic system capable of detecting static or moving

obstacles ( rev. 1 for RPV operating in navigable or swimming

waters that are not innocuous). When this system detects an

obstacle it is to:

1. Activate an acoustic alarm

2. Shut off the propulsion system

3. Reduce the headway

In case of failure of the system to detect the obstacle:

1. set automatically in the Safe Condition

The hull appendices are to be reduced

The remotely piloted vessel is to be efficiently lighted

Visibility and indication

Navigation lights, sound and equipment

Adequatly unobstructed view in all directions from

the remote position with the aid of the video camera

One submergible system is to be fitted to give

visibility under water

Rev.1 relaxations for RPV of less than 2,5 m or 45 kg

Navigation lights and sound are to be in accordance

with applicable Rules.

Rev.1 relaxations for RPV of less than 2,5 m or 45 kg

Safety system, visibility and indication, navigation lights and equipment

Operating Manual

Maintenance

All remotely piloted vessels are to be provided with

an Operating Manual or equivalent document

The remotely piloted vessel operator is to estabilish a

proper maintenance program

Only the manufacturer or other organizatiod

recognized by the the manufacturer are autorized to

carry out maintenace of their remotely piloted vessels

Industry and Regulatory framework

Rules are at the service of the industry

New technologies require and stimulate the upgrading of the regulatory framework

Cooperation between regulatory bodies and industry has the goal to enhance

performance, reliability and safety of certified products

Forthcoming upgrading of RINA Rules

Forthcoming upgrading of RINA Rules:

From floating remotely piloted vessels to submergible remotely piloted

vessels ( autonomous undewater vehicles )

New requirements for automatic operation will be implemented

New requirements for rescue purposes

Industry and Regulatory framework

FUNZIONALIT E APPLICAZIONI DI DRONI IN CAMPO NAVALE

Il quadro normativo per la certificazione di Remotely OperatedVessels

VESSELCLASS

>10 m> 4 kts

> 2.5 m> 45 kg

ENVIRONMENTRISK LEVEL

waters not accessible except by properly trained

personnel

navigable or swimming

waters

POSSIBLERELAXATION OF

SOME REQUIREMENTS

OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE

RiversCreeks

Canals

QuerryLakes

Dam Basins

Alpin Lakes

Large Lakes

Very Large Rivers

Sea in Summer

A tailored rule ....

TechnologyQualification (TQ)

Innovation is the catalyst for growth

A novel technology is fit for purpose when it meets the specified

requirements for its intended service

in terms not only of safety, but also of functionality, reliability,

availability, performance and maintainability

Novel technologies are not adequately covered by established codes,

procedures and practices

Fill the gap: verify and certify fitness for purpose through Technology

Qualification

Why do we need Technology Qualification?

Mainly to satisfy banks and insurances

In the current credit crunch a novel technology is seen by investors as a

high risk

Technology Qualification: independent third party certification to reduce

this risk

Not only for banks and insurances

Novel Technology

No documented track record for a defined application

Application of both a proven technology in a new environment and an

unproven technology in a known environment

Classification from 1 to 4 according to the degree of novelty, which implies

growing uncertainties and complexity and need of deeper analyses and tests

TQ process [1]

Qualification basisCriteria to be fulfilled by the novel technology, in terms of:

Operational conditions and limitations

Functional requirements

Safety, reliability, availability and maintainability

WHEN THESE CRITERIA ARE ACHIEVED WITHIN A REASONABLE LEVEL OF RISK, THE NOVEL TECHNOLOGY IS FIT FOR PURPOSE

Technology assessment Division of the technology into subsystems and components

Assessment of the level of novelty

Identification of challenges and uncertainties

TQ process [2]

Risk analysis: to evaluate the level of risk Hazard Identification

Risk assessment and ranking (tolerable, reasonable, unacceptable)

Risk control options (engineering) Review of the design

Detection

Control

Mitigation of consequences

Escape, evacuation and rescue

Functionality Assessment

Technology Qualification Certificate

TQ certificate covers:

Safety

Fitness for service

Functionality

Verification of compliance with Client-defined targets

Present: Case by case basis

Future goals

Navigation authorization

Operation only in confined areas

Local Coast Guard authorization

Skills and licence of Operator, Remote Pilot and Remote

Observer

National regulatory framework for operation in national

marine sheltered areas

National Regulatory framework for the issue and

maintenance of operators licence and skills

Authorization as an additional ships equipment to be

used in emergency operations in national or international

waters

In Italy and abroad ....

Local Authorities normally ask the compliance to a technical rule for RPV or

proceed directly with the tecnical approval of the vessel.

RINA Rules for Remotely Piloted Vessels is applicable worldwide by all the

offices in Italy and abroad if authorized by the Local Authority of the waters

where the RPV is supposed to sail.

Other IACS classification society started the development of rules for

remotely piloted vessels (for now only air craft)

FUNZIONALIT E APPLICAZIONI DI DRONI IN CAMPO NAVALE

Il quadro normativo per la certificazione di Remotely OperatedVessels

Thank youfor your attention