Fut
ure
Det
ecto
rs: F
INeS
SE
� FIN
eSS
E p
hysi
cs in
the
''Sci
Bat
h'' d
etec
tor
� Det
ecto
r pr
otot
ype
and
sim
ulat
ion
� Con
stru
ctio
n an
d co
sts
� Oth
er a
pplic
atio
ns
Bon
nie
T. F
lem
ing
NuI
NT
200
4G
ran
Sas
so L
abor
ator
y
Mot
ivat
ion
for
the
FIN
eSS
E ''
scib
ath'
' det
ecto
r:Lo
w e
nerg
y ne
utrin
o sc
atte
ring
phys
ics:
bel
ow D
IS
Lots
of p
hysi
cs to
do
at th
ese
low
ene
rgie
s
�
form
fact
or m
easu
rem
ents
�
cros
s se
ctio
n m
easu
rem
ents
�
shor
t bas
elin
e os
cilla
tion
phys
ics
mea
sure
men
t of s
mot
ivat
ed th
e F
INeS
SE
dete
ctor
des
ign
Fun
dam
enta
l asp
ect o
f nuc
leon
str
uctu
re:
- W
hat c
arrie
s th
e nu
cleo
n sp
in!
vale
nce
quar
ks, s
ea q
uark
s, g
luon
s?-
Can
we
desc
ribe
the
prot
on in
term
s of
a fu
ndam
enta
l the
ory?
The
se a
re s
till o
pen
ques
tions
!
�q
q'q
q
quas
i-ela
stic
C
C s
catte
ring
q=up
and
dow
n qu
arks
onl
y
Neu
tral
cur
rent
sc
atte
ring
q=an
y qu
ark
in th
e nu
cleo
n s
tran
ge q
uark
s
WZ
valu
es o
fs
dete
rmin
ed fr
om c
harg
ed le
pton
ex
perim
ents
var
y ev
en in
sig
n! N
ot w
ell u
nder
stoo
d m
easu
rem
ent!.
Low
Q2 :
Mea
sure
G AS
(Q2 =
0)=
ss=
spin
car
ried
by th
e s
and
s se
a
s is
impo
rtan
t for
cer
tain
dar
k m
atte
r se
arch
esw
here
the
neut
ralin
o-nu
cleu
s cr
oss
sect
ion
depe
nds
on q
uark
spi
ns.
Dif
ficu
lt to
mea
sure
p
p w
ith
larg
e fl
ux u
ncer
tain
ties
:m
easu
re th
e ra
tio
p
p/n
p
Neu
trin
o-nu
cleo
n el
astic
sca
tterin
g
- N
ucle
on N
eutr
al W
eak
Cur
rent
, J
, de
pend
s m
ost
stro
ngly
on
GA
(ax
ial)
form
fact
or...
(som
ewha
t on F
1,F 2
)
- G
A (Q
2 ) =
-
zg A(Q
2 ) +
GA
s (Q2 )
-
g A k
now
n (n
ucle
ar d
ecay
)
-
GA
s (Q
2 =0)
=
s
Z
p
p
NC
cr
oss
sect
ion
at lo
w Q2
Rat
io o
f NC
ela
stic
sca
tterin
g to
CC
qua
si-e
last
ic s
catte
ring:
R(N
C/C
C)=
p, N
C)/
p, C
C)
To
mea
sure
s w
ith e
rror
0.
04,
need
R(N
C/C
C)
to ~
5% d
own
to Q2 =
0.2
GeV
2
the
right
Q2 :
Do
this
at Q
2 > 0
.2 G
eV2 ...
- m
inim
ize
nucl
ear
co
rrec
tions
(C
arbo
n)-
prot
on d
etec
tion
(T p = Q
2 /2m
p)
and
Q2 <
0.5
GeV
2 ...-
min
imiz
e w
orrie
s ab
out
Q2
evol
utio
n
-
eve
nt r
ates
hig
her
as w
ell
not t
oo lo
w...
..no
t too
hig
h....
high
inte
nsity
neu
trin
o be
am b
elow
DIS
turn
on
a de
tect
or th
at c
an r
econ
stru
ct:
�
p e
last
ic e
vent
s (s
hort
dis
tanc
e sc
ales
)
�
CC
QE
(lo
ng d
ista
nce
scal
es)
at th
ese
ener
gies
and
Q2 s
- 50
0m fr
om
targ
et:
M
iniB
ooN
E...
- 10
0m fr
om
targ
et:
op
en s
pace
...
ava
ilabl
e fo
r F
INeS
SE
One
opt
ion:
ne
ar lo
catio
n on
Boo
ster
Neu
trin
o B
eam
line
at F
NA
L
exist
ing
Oth
er p
lace
s to
do
this
phy
sics
:
�
near
det
ecto
r at
JP
AR
C?
�
neut
rino
beam
usi
ng 3
GeV
BN
L B
oost
er?
Boo
ster
100m
fl
ux
w/ 2
5m a
bsor
ber
Neu
trin
o F
lux
Boo
ster
flux
at 1
00m
:-
9.55
10
-9
�/PO
T/c
m2
- M
ean
E
� = 7
00M
eV
- R
equi
re 6
10
20 P
OT
tota
lat
the
100m
loca
tion
Exc
elle
nt
ener
gy d
istr
ibut
ion
for
the
s m
easu
rem
ent
- E
is h
igh
enou
gh...
-
larg
e el
astic
cro
ss s
ectio
n-
nucl
ear
phys
ics
unce
rtai
ntie
s sm
all
- an
d lo
w e
noug
h th
at b
ackg
roun
ds (
e.g.
pio
n pr
od.,
DIS
) sm
all
- lit
tle to
no
high
-ene
rgy
"tai
l"
- Lo
w D
uty
Fac
tor
also
=>
ver
y sm
all c
osm
ic b
ackg
roun
d
FIN
eSS
E: E
vent
Rat
es
Eve
nt R
ates
w
ith a
9 to
n(f
iduc
ial)
dete
ctor
, 6E
20 P
OT
@ 1
00m
on
Boo
ster
beam
ilne
~14
7k C
CQ
E ~
59k
NC
EL
sign
al
chan
nels
ar
e ~
60
% o
f tot
al
GE
AN
T-g
ener
ated
eve
nts
in s
cint
illat
or:
Q2 =
0.2
GeV
2 , E
� = 8
00M
eV
Tp~
100
MeV
, T
�~60
0 M
eV
pp
CC
NC
Mea
sure
men
t req
uire
men
ts:
-pro
ton
ener
gy
mea
sure
men
t d
own
to T p~
100M
eV
(R~
10cm
)
- pa
rtic
le ID
for
NC
/CC
/bac
kgro
und
sep
arat
ion
-ran
ge o
ut u
p to
1 G
eV m
uons
To
mea
sure
s
with
err
or
0.0
4, n
eed
R(N
C/C
C)
to ~
5% d
own
to Q
2 =0.
2 G
eV2
The
Muo
n R
ange
stac
k...
- to
trac
k an
d m
easu
re th
e en
ergy
of m
uons
The
Ver
tex
Det
ecto
r...
- to
pre
cise
ly tr
ack
low
-ene
rgy
prot
ons
Bar
tosz
ek E
ngin
eerin
g
Tw
o pa
rt d
etec
tor
neut
rinos
WLS
fibe
rs in
ver
tex
dete
ctor
(2.5
m)3
act
ive
liqui
d sc
intil
lato
r vo
lum
e-
1920
0 (8
0x80
x3)
1.5
mm
WLS
fibe
rs
on
3cm
spa
cing
with
3 o
rient
atio
ns
Ver
tex
Det
ecto
r si
de v
iew
:
liqui
d sc
intil
lato
r
WLS
fibe
r ar
ray
PM
Ts
+ o
n-bo
ard
elec
tron
ics
veto
reg
ion
Ver
tex
Det
ecto
r: a
larg
e, lo
w-t
hres
hold
, 3D
, tra
ckin
g de
tect
or
Con
side
red
a fe
w d
iffer
ent d
etec
tor
tech
nolo
gies
for
FIN
eSE
.....
Sci
ntill
ator
sta
ck
Sci
ntill
ator
bat
h
� optic
ally
isol
ated
sci
ntill
ator
bar
s w
ith w
ave
leng
th s
hifti
ng fi
bers
in e
ach
bar
� exis
ting
tech
nolo
gy -
- K
2K S
ciba
r de
tect
or
--
MIN
Os/
MIN
ER
vA
dete
ctor
s
� not o
ptic
ally
isol
ated
� info
rmat
ion
in 3
D
Lose
even
ts a
t hi
gh a
ngle
s/lo
w K
Ein
sci
ntill
ator
bar
type
det
ecto
rco
mpa
red
to
Sci
bath
Sci
bath
Pla
stic
sci
ntill
ator
st
ack
Rea
dout
with
Ham
mam
atsu
MA
PM
Ts
and
on b
oard
ele
ctro
nics
- si
mila
r sc
hem
e to
that
em
ploy
ed f
or S
TA
R e
ndca
p ca
lorim
eter
ST
AR
PM
T w
/fron
t-en
d el
ectr
onic
s
FIN
eSS
E D
etec
tor
Sim
ulat
ion
and
Rec
onst
ruct
ion
Ver
tex
Det
ecto
r
Muo
n R
ange
stac
k
GE
AN
T s
imul
ated
geo
met
ry
The
FIN
eSS
E d
etec
tor
has
been
si
mul
ated
usi
ng:
- N
UA
NC
E fo
r th
e ev
ent g
ener
atio
n-
GE
AN
T fo
r th
e de
tect
or s
imul
atio
n-
A H
ough
-tra
nsfo
rm-b
ased
r
econ
stru
ctio
n pa
ckag
e
FIN
eSS
E D
etec
tor
Sim
ulat
ion
and
Rec
onst
ruct
ion.
..
- E
~15
MeV
- ~
6
prot
ons
muo
ns
ener
gy
angl
e
ener
gy
angl
e
Sim
ulat
ion
and
reco
nstr
uctio
n of
50
-500
MeV
pro
tons
and
muo
ns:
FIN
eSS
E D
etec
tor
Sim
ulat
ion
and
Rec
onst
ruct
ion.
..
CC
QE
ev
ent
NC
p ev
ent
sim
ulat
ed h
its a
nd r
econ
stru
cted
trac
ks in
the
Ver
tex
Det
ecto
r
gene
rate
d
reco
nstr
ucte
d
XZ
YZ
YZ
XZ
fi
ber
hits
,(s
ize
� #
col
lect
ed)
Sim
ulat
ion
of R
(NC
/CC
) m
easu
rem
ent
NC
p an
d C
CQ
E
cuts
for
R(N
C/C
C)
mea
sure
men
t:
Res
ultin
gN
Cp
and
CC
QE
ef
ficie
ncie
sfr
om a
215
k ev
ent
sam
ple:
>>
Sim
ulat
ion
of R
(NC
/CC
) m
easu
rem
ent..
.
NC
p ev
ents
: C
CQ
E e
vent
s:
effic
ienc
yef
ficie
ncy
Q2
reso
lutio
nQ
2 re
solu
tion
= 0
.053
GeV
2 =
0.0
79 G
eV2
test
ed a
t the
Indi
ana
Uni
vers
ity
Cyc
lotr
on F
acili
ty in
sum
mer
200
3us
ing
low
inte
nsity
, 200
MeV
pro
tons
� 6x6
mm
2 bea
m p
rofil
e
� bea
m s
cann
ed v
ertic
ally
, ho
rizon
tally
, and
at a
ngle
to p
roto
type
30cm
Pro
toty
pe ''
Sci
bath
'' de
tect
or b
uilt
to te
st te
chno
logy
:
� 30cm
x 1
6 cm
x 1
6 cm
box
� fille
d w
ith s
cint
illat
or o
il
� 6x5
arra
y of
1.5
mm
mul
ti-cl
ad W
LS fi
ber
� read
out v
ia 1
6 an
ode
MA
PM
T
IUC
F 2
00 M
eV p
roto
nbe
am
Tes
t res
ults
:
posi
tion:
15
mm
FW
HM
Ang
le:
15
FW
HM
light
see
nfr
om n
ear
prot
ontr
acks
: 17
2 P
Es
m2 (eV
2)
sin2 2
FIN
eSS
E +
mB
ooN
E
n- p
even
t effi
cien
cy a
nd r
esol
utio
n(f
rom
NU
AN
CE
v3
sam
ple
of 1
00K
eve
nts)
146K
eve
nts
x 86
% a
ccep
tanc
eth
en x
85%
effi
cien
cy10
7K e
vent
s
CC
QE
NC
CC
NC
Coh
.42
0169
6819
68
1118
450
3555
711
5921
716
385
0.1
5919
36
raw
eve
nts
afte
r cu
tsef
ficie
ncy
(%)
Cut
s re
quire
:
� reco
nstr
uctio
n
� long
trac
ks� lo
w la
te li
ght
Sho
rt B
asel
ine
osci
llatio
n ph
ysic
s
Cro
ss s
ectio
n m
easu
rem
ents
:0 p
rodu
ctio
n: do
min
ant b
ackg
roun
d in
e
osci
llatio
n se
arch
es
n- p
0 : e
xist
ing
data
at
low
ene
rgy
on
ligh
t tar
gets
very
littl
e N
C
sing
le p
ion
prod
uctio
n da
ta
in
FIN
eSS
E
p p
0
in
FIN
eSS
E
Det
ecto
r co
sts:
Ver
tex
Det
ecto
r:36
tons
Sci
ntill
ator
oil
$185
Kta
nk a
nd fi
ber
grid
$209
KW
LS fi
ber
$119
K19
968
chan
nels
$434
K31
2 M
AP
MT
s $3
98K
Muo
n R
ange
stac
k:S
cint
illat
or a
nd fi
ber
$36K
34 M
AP
MT
s$4
3K21
76 c
hann
els
$45K
Iron
pla
nes
$327
K
Com
putin
g &
Inst
alla
tion
$254
K
Tot
al: 2
.8 M
illio
n (in
clud
ing
cont
inge
ncy)
Sci
bath
det
ecto
r de
sign
ed to
mea
sure
p el
astic
sca
tterin
g at
low
Q2
sim
ple,
low
cos
t det
ecto
r
Pre
sent
ly c
onsi
derin
g/te
stin
g w
ith d
iffer
ent t
arge
ts
�
scin
tilla
tor
oils
�
deut
erat
ed s
cint
illat
or
�
wat
er
