Future PV Roundtable...Future PV Roundtable at Solar Power International 2018 PV evolution at every...

Future PV Roundtableat Solar Power International 2018

PV evolution at every level, from cells and modules tothe grid

1

Initiative partner

September 2018 – Future PV Roundtable at SPI

Gold sponsors Silver sponsor: Partner:


Introduction by Dr. Weiming Zhang, Heraeus

Presentation by Dr. Ilka Luck, Heraeus and Christian Prischmann, Ulbrich

Presentation by Dr. Hongbin Fang, LONGi Solar

Panel 1: Emerging directions in cell and moduletechnologies

Fireside chat with Tristan Erion-Lorico, DNV GL

Panel 2: Grid integration of high levels ofrenewable energy

Agenda

Introduction by Dr. Weiming Zhang, Heraeus


Presentation by Dr. Ilka Luck, Heraeus and Christian Prischmann, Ulbrich


EMERGING DIRECTIONS AND TRENDS IN CELL AND MODULE DESIGNS

Solar Power International

Dr. Ilka Luck / Heraeus

Christian Prischmann / Ulbrich Solar Technologies

September 2018

› Solar cell busbar designs

➢4 / 5 / 6 traditional solar cell bus bar layouts

➢Multiple busbar

› High efficiency solar cells (HJT, PERC) and half-cut-cell modules

› Alternative bonding technologies

➢Conductive adhesive solutions

➢Low temperature soldering applications

➢Lead-free

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL6

EMERGING DIRECTIONS IN CELL AND MODULE DESIGNS

September 2018

DIVERSIFIED PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

AND SERVICE OFFERING

HERAEUS CELL INTERCONNECTION MATERIALS

Heraeus cell interconnection materials | Dr. Ilka Luck| HPT-BD8

SCR™

Selectively coated cell connector

HECARO™

Electrically conductive adhesive

For up to 6 BB cells For high-efficiency module concepts (shingling, HJT,

BC)

2 Watt module power gain due to reduced shading 5 W module power gain (shingling) due to better use of

laminated module area and less ohmic losses

Plug & play (no additional process, no additional

equipment)

Reliable production equipment available

Proven device reliability Proven device reliability

September 2018

›Silver coated grooved copper flat wire

› Internal reflection to increase module power output by app. 2%

→ statistically proven!

›Emerging cell/module technologies

› High efficiency solar cells HJT

› Conductive adhesive bonding solution

› Lead-free solution

›Module reliability proven!

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Christian Prischmann9

LIGHT CAPTURING RIBBON LCRTM

September 2018

›Concentrically perfect solder coated round wire

›Silver cost reduction → busbar-less solar cells

›Module power increase because of internal light reflection

›Emerging cell/module technologies

› High efficiency solar cells HJT / half-cut-cell

› Multiple busbar design → 10 to 20 wires per solar cell

› Lead-free solution, low temperature

›Module reliability proven!

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Christian Prischmann10

MULTI TABBING WIRE MTW

September 2018

Smart Wire Connection Technology

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL11

Thank you!

Please visit us at booth # 1358

September 2018

Presentation by Dr. HongbinFang, LONGi Solar


Bifacial PERCBetter LCOE Solution

Hongbin Fang

Director of Product Marketing

September 26, 2018

Mono PERC and Bifacial PERC

ARC SiNx

Electrode

N+ emitter

Rear passivation

Al fingers

ARC SiNx

Electrode

N+ emitter

Rear passivation

Rear AIBSFPERC

Bifacial PERC

P-type Si

Product Feature

Application⚫ Utility

⚫ Commercial rooftop and carport

Performance and cost⚫ Front side efficiency equivalent to conventional PERC

⚫ Manufacturing cost comparable to conventional PERC

⚫ Bifacial light harvesting, 8%-25% power gain from rear side

Optimize System Design toImprove Bifacial Energy Yield

System Design with Bifacial Module

Backside Energy Yield: Albedo

Bifacial gain improves with increasing ground Albedo

Backside Energy Yield: Albedo and Height

⚫ Bifacial module backside energy

yield improves with increasing

Albedo (background reflectivity).

Selecting site with more reflective

background can improve overall

system energy yield

⚫ Increasing module height

improves backside energy yield,

as well as backside irradiance

uniformity

⚫ Module height (clearance from

ground) of 1m and above is

recommendedIrradiance at backside - Clearance 8 cm Irradiance at backside - Clearance 108 cm

Bifacial PERC Module

Field Monitoring Data

⚫ Bifacial PERC Capacity 2.8kw, multi capacity 2.7kw, project located in Taizhou test site (N32.5°/ E119.9°), China

⚫ Fixed tilt configuration

⚫ With same background condition, increasing backside energy yield with increasing racking height

Data from Taizhou test site (N32.5°/ E119.9°)

13.5%

20.10%

23.70%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

2

3

4

5

Multi Bifacial/TPO/1m Bifacial/TPO/1.5m Bifacial/TPO/2m

Dail

y e

nerg

y y

ield

(kW

h/k

W)

Daily energy yield (kWh/kW) Energy yield gain

⚫ Bifacial PERC Capacity 18.9kw, std. mono capacity 18.25kw, project located in Pucheng, Shaanxi (N34.97°/E109.59°), China

⚫ Fixed tilt configuration (15 degree), distance to ground 1.6m

⚫ Three month monitoring data showed 11.27% energy yield from backside



0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Energ

y y

ield（

kW

h/W

p）

Bifacial PERC Std Mono Gain (%)

+11.27%

⚫ Bifacial PERC project (336kw on single axis tracker) in Kubuchi, Inner Mongolia (N45.36°/E118.36°), China

⚫ 1Yr energy yield by Bifacial module + tracker is 26.7% higher than Multi module/fixed tilt and 15.9% higher than Multi/tracker



Kubuqi Bifacial Field Data

+15.9%

PERC Efficiency Improvement Potential

23.60％Dec. 2017

333.7W / 20.41％Jan. 2018

22.41％82.15％

( Bifaciality )

22.71％

23.68％Dec. 2017

360.3W(Half-cut) Apr. 2018

Bifacial PERC CellPERC Cell PERC Module

2017.10 2017.11 2017.12 2018.01 2018.04

Cell Efficiency Cell Efficiency Module Power

Technology Strength Through Consistent R&D Investment

$379M2012-2017 accumulated

R&D spending

5-7%(of revenue)

260 patents awarded

460 staff member

12.924

39.1 46

86.6

176

4.90%

6.80% 6.90%

5% 4.90%

6.77%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

R&D investment per year

R&D ($M) % of revenue

Largest Mono Wafer and Module Manufacturer

MonoWafer

Global market share by LONGi

MonoModule

35% 16%

Thank You

for Your Attention

Panel I:Emerging directions in cell and module designs


Panel I: Emerging directions in cell and moduledesigns

Tristan Erion-LoricoHead of PV Module Business,

Laboratory Services

Hongbin FangDirector of Product Marketing

Ilka LuckGlobal Head, New Product

Development & Technology

Christian PrischmannDirector of Technology

Fireside chat with Tristan Erion-Lorico, DNV GL


DNV GL’s 2018 Product Qualification ProgramTest Sequences

DNV GL © 2018

Panel II:Grid integration ofhigh levels of renewable energy


Panel II: Grid integration of high levels of renewableenergy

Marc Perez Senior Researcher Clean

Power Research

Michael O’BoyleElectricity Policy Manager

Energy Innovation

Mahesh Morjaria


Marc PerezClean Power Research

Grid integration of high levels of renewable energySupply-Side Interventions

This study is based upon work supported by:National Science Foundation GRF Grant No. DGE 1144155

DoE Sunshot Grant No. DE-EE0007669Columbia University Center for Life Cycle Analysis

Clean Power Research

Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed

020

04

00

600

80

01

000

allMISO$datetime[1:(24 * 5)]

min

ne

_d

at.tp

i$G

lobal[1

:(2

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5)]

W/m

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1 day


0200

400600

8001000


minne_dat.

tpi$Global[

1:(24 * 5)]

Stochastic sub-daily variability

1 day, hourly/15 min interval

0:00 12:006:00 18:00 00:00Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed

02

00

400

60

080

01

00

0


min

ne

_d

at.

tpi$

Glo

ba

l[1

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2

Deterministic diurnal variability

1 week, hourly intervalJan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan

24

68

dd$dates

dd

$tim

eseri

es

Stochastic Intra-day variability

kWh

/m2

1 year, daily interval

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan

80

10

01

20

140

16

01

80

200

allMISO$datetime

pre

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t(lo

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seq(1

, 1

2, le

ngth

.ou

t =

leng

th(a

llMIS

O$da

tetim

e))

)kW

h/m

2

Deterministic seasonal variability

1 year, monthly interval

What is required to achieve high penetration Renewables?

Variability on multiple timescales needs to be addressed.


01

02

03

04

05

060


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n.t

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[1:(

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Shortfall: discharge☾

Surplus: charge☀Energy Storage

Supply-Shapingvia Curtailment


05

010

0150

200

2.9 x oversizing

allMISO$datetime[date_seq]


020

00

400

060

00

800

010

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120

00

97.1 % reduction in storage

allMISO$datetime

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)]/1

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Curtailed excessTo storage

From storage

Geographic Dispersion

Single pointDistributed

…Renders supply more predictable

What is required to achieve high penetration Renewables?

Corresponding Supply/Demand Imbalances must be corrected

Synergy with Wind


80

10

01

20

140

16

01

80

200

allMISO$datetime

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seq(1

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length

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t =

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)

1 year

wind

solar

…leverages resourceanticorrelation

Existing FlexibleGen Capacity


01

02

03

04

050

60


pro

du

ctio

n.t

arg

et.

TS

[1:(

24

* 5

)]/1

00

0

Surplus: to storage or curtail

Shortfall: Dispatch existing gen

$Resiliency

Connection to Grid

Just how far can we push high penetration at reasonable supply costs?

0 20 40 60 80 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

p: hourly w: 62 g: 5 s: long.term_high_utility.led dr: 3

Curtailment %

Jun 30 Jul 02 Jul 04 Jul 06

05

000

10

00

015

00

0

Hourly Production Target (zoom)

date

MN Load

Production Target

Normalized Hybrid RE production

0 20 40 60 80 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

p: hourly w: 62 g: 0 s: long.term_high_utility.led dr: 3

Curtailment %

LC

OE

($

/kW

h)

3.6 c/kWh LCOE

MW

h

LCO

E ($

/kW

h)

Oversizing factor

1x 1.2x 1.7x 2.5x 5x 100x

Optimal Wind/PV + Storage Meeting 95% Hourly Load in MN, 5% met by gas Utility-scale-led, High Technological Development in 2050, WACC of 3%

wind

PV

MN Load

Sample results from MN Solar Pathways Study using CPR Integration model

Oversizing Effect on Aggregate LCOE

oversizing factorLC

OE

(c/kW

h)

1 x 1.2 x 1.7 x 2.5 x 5 x 100 x

01

23

45

67

Marc PerezClean Power Research

Grid integration of high levels of renewable energySupply-Side Interventions

This study is based upon work supported by:National Science Foundation GRF Grant No. DGE 1144155

DoE Sunshot Grant No. DE-EE0007669Columbia University Center for Life Cycle Analysis

Clean Power Research

38

FLEXIBILITY: SOLUTIONS TO INTEGRATE

VARIABLE RENEWABLES

MIKE O’BOYLEFUTURE PV ROUNDTABLES E PT E M B E R 2 6 , 2 0 1 8

39

FLEXIBILITY INCLUDES A SUITE OF OPTIONS

40

IMPROVED OPERATIONS

▪ Expand the Energy Imbalance Market

▪ Additional regions

▪ Additional products

▪ Flexible imports

▪ RE providing reliability services

41

DEMAND RESPONSE

Two kinds of demand response:

▪ Dispatchable

▪ Price-responsive

Potential for 6 GW in CA by 2025 (CPUC April 2016)

42

GRID INFRASTRUCTURE

Transmission enables regional optimization (e.g. EIM, market expansion) & geographic diversity

43

GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY

Managing predictable

variations:

• Linking negatively

correlated renewable

energy reduces need for

more expensive sources

of flexibility, e.g. natural

gas & storage

Source: J. Naughton, Wind Diversity Enhancement

of Wyoming, California Wind Energy Projects: Phase

2, Univ. of Wyoming, Wind Energy Research

Center, July 2015

Grid-Flexible Solar: Enabling Clean Energy Grid ofthe Future

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45

Sources: “How solar power saved $6.7 million on a Tuesday”, by John Weaver, Sept 4, 2018, PV Magazine, https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2018/09/04/how-solar-power-saved-6-7-million-on-a-tuesday/; “The duck curve comes to New England”, by Christian Roselund, May 8,2018, PV Magazine, https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2018/05/08/the-duck-curve-comes-to-new-england/

Tale of Two Days in Life of Solar … (in New England)

Goal: Integrate higher levels of solar… to increase system value … while dealing with intermittency challenges on the grid …power system flexibility is critical

~25GW

Solar 7% ofpeak demand

July 3, 2018

~13GW

Solar ~1/3 of peak demand

April 21, 2018

• Saves 14% Electricity Cost Over a Week • Electricity price -$2.65/MWh at 3 PM.

https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2018/09/04/how-solar-power-saved-6-7-million-on-a-tuesday/

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46

“Grid Flexible” Solar Reduces Curtailment – An Illustration

• Dispatchable (Grid Flexible) solar contributes to regulation & balancing requirements, and

reduces solar curtailment

• Needs less thermal generation for regulation & balancing, which in turn results in lowered

midday thermal generation

Non-Dispatchable Solar Grid Flexible Solar

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47

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

RELATIVE TIME (sec)

Available MW Min allowed MW Commanded MW Measured MW

• 30MW headroom

• 4-sec AGC signal provided to Plant Controller

• Tests were conducted for

— Sunrise

— Middle of the day

— Sunset

AGC (Automated Generation Control) Tests – 300 MW Utility-Scale PV PlantP

OW

ER

(MW

)

MORNING

30MW Headroom

Available MW

MinimumAllowed MW

Measured MW

Commanded MW

SteamTurbine

PumpTurbine

Hydro CombinedCycle

LimitedEnergyStorage

GasTurbine

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Solar PV(Middle ofthe Day)

Solar PV(Sunset)

Solar PV(Sunrise

Regulation accuracy by PV Plant is about 24-30% points better than fast gas turbines

40%

63%

87-93%

Blue bars taken from the ISO’s informational submittal to FERC on the performance ofresources providing regulation services between January 1, 2015 and March 31, 2016

Source: http://www.caiso.com/Documents/TestsShowRenewablePlantsCanBalanceLow-CarbonGrid.pdf

http://www.caiso.com/Documents/TestsShowRenewablePlantsCanBalanceLow-CarbonGrid.pdfSource

http://www.caiso.com/Documents/TestsShowRenewablePlantsCanBalanceLow-CarbonGrid.pdfSource

48

Flexible & Dispatchable Solar … Key to Market Expansion & Value Retention

Better Integration And Scale Through Flexibility

Solar Energy

• Solar is part of mid-day load

offsets peak or near-peak

demand

• Energy-Only Value

Grid Flexible Solar

• Adds Grid Reliability Services

& Flexibility Value

Fully Dispatchable

Solar

• Storage (hours, not days) time-

shifts solar – fully dispatchable

• Adds Firm Generation Capacity

Value

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49

Key Messages – Grid Flexibility from Utility-Scale PV Plants

• Higher penetration of VRE (Variable Renewable

Energy) need Increased System Flexibility to manage

in variability and uncertainty on the grid and VRE

curtailment

• “VREs with the right operating characteristics are

necessary to decarbonize the grid” … CAISO

• Utility-scale PV Plants Can Provide Grid Flexibility &

Essential Reliability Services

Source: Using Renewables to Operate A Low-Carbon Grid, CAISO, NREL, First Solar Report. http://www.caiso.com/Documents/TestsShowRenewablePlantsCanBalanceLow-CarbonGrid.pdf

http://www.caiso.com/Documents/TestsShowRenewablePlantsCanBalanceLow-CarbonGrid.pdf

Future PV Roundtableat Solar Power International 2018

PV evolution at every level, from cells and modules tothe grid

1

Initiative partner


Gold sponsors Silver sponsor: Partner:

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