Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials

NanoCelluloseFuture Trends in Packaging Materials NanoCellulose OpportunitiesOpportunities

Art Ragauskasg ragauskas@hotmail.com

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials

Wh N ll l iFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Why Nanocellulosics

• Improve the biopolymer properties:Improve the biopolymer properties: ‐ Mechanical (strength, modulus and strain) ‐ Thermal stability‐ Thermal stability ‐ Toughness

Barrier‐ Barrier ‐ Biodegradability

Optics‐ Optics • Use renewable raw materials

New applications• New applications • Packaging, medical, transport, electronics etc.

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials Cellulose WhiskersFuture Trends in Packaging Materials

Surface Area E-Glass Fibers approx.1 Paper Fibers 4 Graphite 25 - 300 Fumed Silica 100 - 400 Fully Exfoliated Clay approx. 500 Nanocellulose Whiskers 400 - 700 C b N t b 100

• Size: width ~5 - 30 nm, length ~ 150-500 nm G

Carbon Nanotubes approx. 100

• Estimated Modulus ~150 GPa

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials NanoCellulose Future Trends in Packaging Materials

Commonly Prepared From A Variety of Cellulosic FibFibers

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials Nanocellulose Whiskers

P ti mFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Preparation

μm mm

10 nm

O O

HO OH

O O

HO OH

OH

OH

O

HO OH

O O

HO OH

O-Cellulose

OH

OH

O

O O

HO OH

O O

HO OH

OH

OH

O

HO OH

O O

HO OH

O-Cellulose

OH

OH

O

10 nm

1 nm

Tensile Carbon Fibers > Cellulose Nanocrystals > > S-Glass > Aramid

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials

Cellulose Nano Balls vs. Whiskers Future Trends in Packaging Materials 140 160 180 Applications

• CompositesCellulose Balls

40 60 80

100 120

Si ze

(n m

)

p • Drug Delivery • Cosmetics

0 20

0 1 2 3 4 5

Time (hour)

5% Cellulose Whiskers Latex Film

5% Cellulose Balls Latex Film Latex Film

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials

MicroFibrillated CelluloseFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Preparation:

Web Like: Diameter: 5 40 nm Length > 1000 nm

Mechanical treatments

Web-Like: Diameter: 5 – 40 nm, Length > 1000 nm

‐ Homogenization ‐ Microfluidizer ‐ Grinding, supermasscolloider ‐ Cyrocrushing

Sonification‐ Sonification

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials

Nano Cellulose WhiskersFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Nano Cellulose Whiskers Composites

• Rubber Resole-type phenolic resinsRubber, Resole type phenolic resins • Poly(vinyl alcohol), Poly(oxyethylene), Poly(lactic acid) • Poly(styrene-co-hexylacrylate) copolymer • Poly(vinyl chloride), polyurethane • Polyproprolyene, polystyrene

•Whiskers act as efficient reinforcement due to high aspectWhiskers act as efficient reinforcement due to high aspect ratios, surface areas and high modulus.

• Common benefits observed in tensile strength, elongation rate, elevated thermal decomposition

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials

Nano Cellulose WhiskersFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Nano Cellulose Whiskers Films

• Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose • Xylan, Starch, Chitosan, Glucomannan • Styrene Butyly acrylate latex

General Benefits Due to Whiskers • Enhanced moisture and oxygen barrier properties • Tensile strength, TEA, Young's modulus

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials

Microfibrillated CelluloseFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Microfibrillated Cellulose Composites

• Paper board • Improvement in tensile index

• Polypropylene, poly(ε-caprolactone) • Improved tensile and flexural strength

• Polysodium acrylate superabsorbents (SAPs)• Polysodium acrylate superabsorbents (SAPs) • Improvements in shear modulus

General Benefits Due to Whiskers • Enhanced moisture and oxyegn barrier properties • Tensile strength, TEA, Young's modulus

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials

Microfibrillated CelluloseFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Microfibrillated Cellulose Films

MFC• MFC • MFC/Layered Clay

•Enhanced oxygen barrier properties•Enhanced oxygen barrier properties •Paper board, Galactoglucomannans • Improvement in physical and barrier propertiesp p y p p

• Polypropylene, • Improved tensile and flexural strength

General Benefits Due to Microfibrillated Cellulose • Enhanced moisture oil and oxygen barrier propertiesEnhanced moisture, oil and oxygen barrier properties • Tensile strength, TEA, Young's modulus, transparent

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials

Nanocellulose ApplicationsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Nanocellulose Applications

• Polymer Composites & bioplastics • Films, foams, and gells • Cosmetics• Cosmetics • Dimensionally stable thickener and emulsion • Implant material, biodegradable tissue scaffoldImplant material, biodegradable tissue scaffold • Suture, drug delivery vehicle, • Filter paper, speaker membrane • Battery membrane • Concrete • Drilling muds & enhanced oil recovery• Drilling muds & enhanced oil recovery • Water treatment

Future Trends in Packaging Materials Future Trends in Packaging Materials

Nanocellulose ApplicationsFuture Trends in Packaging Materials Nanocellulose Applications

• Electronics - flexible circuits• Electronics - flexible circuits • Flexible solar panels • Paints pigments and inks • Screens and coatingsScreens and coatings