Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB Latest Wireless ... · 1. 3rd Generation Mobile Communication...

Ryuji Kohno's Properties, Confidential

1

Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University


1

Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005

Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB Latest Wireless Technologies: Latest Wireless Technologies:

Software Defined Radio(Software Defined Radio(SDRSDR) and Ultra ) and Ultra Wideband(Wideband(UWBUWB) Wireless Communications) Wireless Communications

Ryuji KohnoRyuji KohnoProfessor, Professor,

Division of Physics, Electrical & ComputerDivision of Physics, Electrical & Computer EingeeringEingeering,,Yokohama National University

DirectorDirectorUWB Technology Institute,UWB Technology Institute,

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ((NiCTNiCT))ChairmanChairman

IEICE SDR Technical Committee, JapanIEICE SDR Technical Committee, Japan

Colloquium Colloquium InstitutInstitut EURECOMEURECOM

SophiaSophia--AntipolisAntipolis, France, June 23, 2005 , France, June 23, 2005


2



Future Wireless Based on UWB and SDR Future Wireless Based on UWB and SDR AgendaAgenda

1. Trends of Wireless Communications2. State of Arts for SDR(Software Defined Radio)

and Anticipation of SDR Evolutionand Anticipation of SDR Evolution3. State of Arts for UWB(Ultra Wideband) Radio

and Anticipation of UWB Evolution


3



VTRTV AUDIO GAME

PC

Home Link

ホームネットワーク

オフィス内ネットワーク（無線LAN・無線ATM）

機器（機械）間通信

車車間通信

路車間通信

携帯電話

高度道路交通網システム

PRINTER

Current Wireless Communication Networks

Home Networks.

Office Networks(Wireless LAN etc).

Machine Networks.

ITS ( Intelligent Transport Systems).

MobileNetworks.

Vehicle-to-Roadside.

Inter-VehicleCommunication


4



1. 1. 33rd Generation Mobile Communication Systemrd Generation Mobile Communication System 3G((IMTIMT--20002000: : UMTS, WUMTS, W--CDMACDMA, , EDGE, GPRSEDGE, GPRS))

2. 2. Multimedia Mobile Access Control SystemsMultimedia Mobile Access Control Systems: : 4G(B3G)4G(B3G) ((MMAC, MMAC, BRAN, UBRAN, U--NII, E2RNII, E2R))

3. 3. Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting SystemDigital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting System ((DAB, DVB, DMBDAB, DVB, DMB))4. 4. Intelligent Transport SystemIntelligent Transport System ((ITS: ETC,DSRC, Car LANITS: ETC,DSRC, Car LAN))5.5. Wireless Local LoopWireless Local Loop:: （（WLLWLL））

6. 6. Wireless LANWireless LAN::（（WiFiWiFi, , WiMaxWiMax,, BluetoothBluetooth, IEEE802.11a,b,g,n,p, IEEE802.11a,b,g,n,p))7. 7. Home NetworkHome Network ::(ADSL, FTTH, (ADSL, FTTH, Wireless 1394, Wireless USB)Wireless 1394, Wireless USB)8.8. Wireless PANWireless PAN:: (WPAN over UWB: IEEE802.15.3a, 3c(WPAN over UWB: IEEE802.15.3a, 3c))9. 9. Sensor NetworkSensor Network :(:(RFIDTagRFIDTag, , ZigbeeZigbee, IEEE802.15.4a, IEEE802.15.4a) )

Wireless Infrastructure and Ad-Hoc Communication Networks


5



Core Physical Layer Techniques for Wireless Communication Systems

1. 1. Spread SpectrumSpread Spectrum ((CDMA, RadarCDMA, Radar))2. Adaptive Array Antenna (2. Adaptive Array Antenna (Smart Antenna, MIMOSmart Antenna, MIMO))3. Multi3. Multi--Carrier Modulation(Carrier Modulation(OFDMOFDM))4. Channel Coding(Turbo Coding and Decoding4. Channel Coding(Turbo Coding and Decoding,,SpaceSpace--Time Coding, Time Coding, Network CodingNetwork Coding))5. Wireless Protocol(Wireless ATM, 5. Wireless Protocol(Wireless ATM, Wireless IPWireless IP,,

Wireless 1394, Wireless USB)Wireless 1394, Wireless USB)

6. 6. Software Radio ((SDRSDR: Software Defined Radio: Software Defined Radio) )

7. 7. Ultra Wide BandUltra Wide Band((UWBUWB) by ) by Impulse Radio and Impulse Radio and othersothers


6



Core PHY Technologies Satisfying Multiple Demands in Wireless Communications

(1) Countermeasure against Fading: Equalization, Diversity, EC Code, Antenna, etc.

(1) Countermeasure against Fading: Equalization, Diversity, EC Code, Antenna, etc.

(2) Ranging and Positioning : Radar, Navigation, Roaming

(2) Ranging and Positioning : Radar, Navigation, Roaming

(3) Recognition and Control of an Object: Environment and Circumstance Observation, 　Sensor, 　Adaptive Control

(3) Recognition and Control of an Object: Environment and Circumstance Observation, 　Sensor, 　Adaptive Control

(4) Information Security & Authentication: Information of Charge, Protection of Privacy, Countermeasure against Terrorism

(4) Information Security & Authentication: Information of Charge, Protection of Privacy, Countermeasure against Terrorism

(5) Human Interface Driving Assist (handicapped) and Better QoS

(5) Human Interface Driving Assist (handicapped) and Better QoS

(6) Interference Suppress & Diversity Gain : Improving S/I+N and User Capacity

(6) Interference Suppress & Diversity Gain : Improving S/I+N and User Capacity

Spread Spectrum& UWB techniqueSpread Spectrum& UWBUWB technique

Array Antenna& MIMO technique

Array Antenna& MIMO technique

Software Defined Radio(SDR)technique

Software Defined Radio(SDRSDR)technique

(7) Adaptability and Reconfigurability: Adapting Environment and Multimode Service

(7) Adaptability and Reconfigurability: Adapting Environment and Multimode Service


7



Future Wireless Based on UWB and SDR Future Wireless Based on UWB and SDR AgendaAgenda





8



Balance between Integration and Balance between Integration and Personalization of NetworksPersonalization of Networks

SatelliteSatelliteBroadbandBroadbandSS--UMTSUMTSDVBDVB--SS

DVBDVB--TTDABDAB

EDGEEDGEGPRSGPRS

GSMGSM

UMTS++UMTS++

UMTSUMTS MBS 60MBS 60

MBS 40MBS 40

BroadbandBroadbandWFAWFA

MWSMWS

xMDSxMDS

Body LANsBody LANsPersonalPersonal

Area NetworksArea Networks

BroadbandBroadbandWW--LANLAN

BluetoothBluetooth IRIR

WLLWLL

xDSLxDSL

Power LinePower LineCommunicationCommunication

ISDNISDN

DSRCDSRCIVCIVC

IPV4IPV4

ITSITS

HDRHDR

CDMA2000CDMA2000

ISIS--9595

BRANBRAN

MMACMMACIEEE 802.11a/bIEEE 802.11a/b

IPV6IPV6 MobileIPMobileIP

VIPVIP

EGPRSEGPRSCDPDCDPD

FF--PACHPACH

Local Area NetworksLocal Area Networks

Wireless Local LoopWireless Local LoopQuasiQuasi--CellularCellular

CellularCellular

BroadcastingBroadcasting

Satellite/HAPSSatellite/HAPS

FWAFWA

IPIP--base Networkbase Network

IP-base


9



Balance between Integration and Balance between Integration and Personalization of NetworkPersonalization of Network

SatelliteSatelliteBroadbandBroadbandSS--UMTSUMTSDVBDVB--SS

DVBDVB--TTDABDAB

EDGEEDGEGPRSGPRS

GSMGSM

UMTS++UMTS++

UMTSUMTS MBS 60MBS 60

MBS 40MBS 40

BroadbandBroadbandWFAWFA

MWSMWS

xMDSxMDS

Body LANsBody LANsPersonalPersonal

Area NetworksArea Networks

BroadbandBroadbandWW--LANLAN

BluetoothBluetooth IRIR

WLLWLL

xDSLxDSL

Power LinePower LineCommunicationCommunication

ISDNISDN

DSRCDSRCIVCIVC

IPV4IPV4

ITSITS

HDRHDR

CDMA2000CDMA2000

ISIS--9595

BRANBRAN

MMACMMACIEEE 802.11a/bIEEE 802.11a/b

IPV6IPV6 MobileIPMobileIP

VIPVIP

EGPRSEGPRSCDPDCDPD

FF--PACHPACH

Local Area NetworksLocal Area Networks

Wireless Local LoopWireless Local LoopQuasiQuasi--CellularCellular

CellularCellular

BroadcastingBroadcasting

Satellite/HAPSSatellite/HAPS

FWAFWA

IPIP--base Networkbase Network

IP-baseSoftwareSoftware

RadioRadio

＜Personalization of Network＞

・Software Reconfigurable Radio

＜＜Integration of NetworksIntegration of Networks＞＞

・・IPIP--base base (Voice over IP, Internet TV, Mobile IP(Voice over IP, Internet TV, Mobile IP……..））


10



Software Defined Radio(SDR)

SDR SDR is a broad concept that is a broad concept that all functions of wireless communicationslike bands, modulation and coding scheme, protocol like bands, modulation and coding scheme, protocol can bereconfigured with software including allincluding all--digital transceivers and digital transceivers and softwaresoftware--based based adaptability for multi-purposes and multi-applications in multi-environments..

【【Necessary PropertiesNecessary Properties】】

1. 1. Broadband & MultiBroadband & Multi--band for Multiband for Multi--mode Servicemode Service2. 2. ReRe--configurability configurability of System Hardwareof System Hardware3. 3. DownloadabilityDownloadability　　of System Configuration Softwareof System Configuration Software4. 4. Adaptability Adaptability for Environment for Environment


11



Software Defined Radio as Countermeasure to Software Defined Radio as Countermeasure to Combat with Current Problems in Wireless Comm.Combat with Current Problems in Wireless Comm.

Huge Demands for Broadband Huge Demands for Broadband Wireless CommunicationsWireless Communications Low Power Low Power

ConsumptionConsumption

InterInter--SystemSystemInterferenceInterference

CoCo--exit of Various exit of Various Wireless SystemsWireless Systems

Demand for Demand for MultiMulti--ModeMode

①①

②②

③③

Software AntennaSoftware AntennaSpace Division(Space Division(SDMASDMA))Based on Based on BeamformingBeamformingOmit of IF CircuitsOmit of IF Circuits((Direct ConversionDirect Conversion))Software Software ReconfigurabilityReconfigurability((ReRe--ConfigurationConfiguration))

Software Software Defined Defined

Radio(SDR)Radio(SDR)

①①

②②

③③


12



MultiMulti--modemode ReconfigurableReconfigurable Radio SystemRadio System

STB

Device is reconfigured as a TV receiver

BS

STB

BS

Device is reconfigured as a car navigation system

Device is reconfigured as a cellular phone

STB

BS

STB

Device is reconfigured as a wireless LAN terminal

BS

Download of system software to change system configuration


13



Device is reconfigured as a cellular phone

Device is reconfigured as a wireless LAN terminal

Device is reconfigured as a TV receiver

MultiMulti--mode mode ReconfigurableReconfigurable Radio SystemRadio System

Device is reconfigured as a car navigation system


14



Software Software ReconfigurableReconfigurable TV Broadcasting TV Broadcasting TerminalTerminal (Using MPEG(Using MPEG--2 standard)2 standard)

BS tuner(channel

selectionpart)

CS tuner(channel

selectionpart)

Terrestrialtuner

(channelselectionpart)

CATV

digitaldemodulation 1

(BPSK)(QPSK)(8PSK)

digitaldemodulation 2

(OFDM)

digital demodulation 3

(64QAM)

FEC(trellis)(viterbi)

Inner Codecorrecting

System CPU(64bitRISC)

modem

ECC(RS)

OuterCode

correcting

DEMUX

TSdecoder

MPEGdecoderimagespeech

datadecode

&OSD

memoryFirm wareFirm ware

CAdescrambler

BS/CS compatible antenna

UHF antenna

image

speech

data

About 10MB

約200KG 約1MGAbout 100KGAbout 100KG

About 200KG

約500KG

About 100KGCompatible element


15



TV VICS

FM　Radio

Cellurar phoneterminal

TV receiver VICS receiver

FM radio receiver

TV broadcaststation

Cellular phoneBase Station FM broadcast

station

90～700MHz bandTV broadcast

2.5GHzband 76～90MHz band

FM radio

VICSbeaconantenna

800MHz band1.5GHz band

FM radiocar-mounted

antenna

beaconcar-mounted

antennaTV car-mounted

antenna

Cellular phonecar-mounted

antenna

Software Software ReconfigurableReconfigurable ITS TerminalITS Terminal


16



Table 2 Examples of Multimode Terminals

PDC+PHS

PDC+GPS

PDC+3G

3G+4G

3G+WLAN11b

4G+WLAN11a

3G+4G+WLAN+WPAN

Commonality Frequency rangeDemandSystems

×

800M/1.5G/1.9G

800M/1.5G

800M/1.5G/2G

2G/3-10G

2G/2.4G

４Ｇ/５.2G

2G/5.2G/3-10G

TDMA/SS

TDMA/CDMA

CDMA/?

CDMA/SS

OFDMA/OFDM

CDMA/OFDM/?

FDD/TDDAlreadyExists

AlreadyExists

Both covernationwide

Comple-mentary

Seamlesscoverage

Seamlesscoverage

Seamlesscoverage

×

×

?

?

?

?

DSRC+WLAN11a

5.8G/5.2GQPSK/OFDM

Seamlesscoverage


17



Demands for SDR in Beyond 3G Demands for SDR in Beyond 3G

Software radio is one of key technology to Software radio is one of key technology to realize next generation (beyond 3G) mobile realize next generation (beyond 3G) mobile communication systems from the viewpoint of communication systems from the viewpoint of ……..–– Remote Maintenance without recallRemote Maintenance without recall ( Bug fix )( Bug fix )–– Reduction of industrial wasteReduction of industrial waste–– Frequency reFrequency re--allocation ( viewpoint of regulation)allocation ( viewpoint of regulation)–– Coexistence between old and new systemsCoexistence between old and new systems

•• Communication systems on demandCommunication systems on demand


18



ITS(Intelligent Transport

Systems)

Applications of Software Defined RadioApplications of Software Defined Radio

Broadcasting(BS,CS,Terrestrial, CATV)

Wireless LAN

(BluetoothIEEE802.11a,b

Positio

ning.

Rangin

g.

(GPS

・Roa

ming)

FWN

(Fixed Wireless Network)

PDCGSMIS-95

IMT-2000PHS

DECTGPRSUTLAPager

Mobile C

omm

unications

Satellite and Space

Communications

LEOMEOGEO

KuKaLS

ETCVICSIVC

Detecting Illegal radioMedical Servises

(ICU,)

Tele-metering,

Tele-control


19



SDR ForumSDR Forumhttp://www.http://www.sdrforumsdrforum.org/.org/

NonNon--profit organization in the USA to promote SDRprofit organization in the USA to promote SDRProposing a CORBAProposing a CORBA--based SDR system architecturebased SDR system architectureStarting members were involved in the Speakeasy project in Starting members were involved in the Speakeasy project in USAUSA

<Major Purposes><Major Purposes>1. 1. Standard ofStandard of APIAPI(Application Program Interface) for (Application Program Interface) for

common interfacing among various modules of SDR common interfacing among various modules of SDR terminal.terminal.

2. 2. Standard ofStandard of download proceduredownload procedure for SDR services for SDR services


20



IEICEIEICESoftware Radio Technical CommitteeSoftware Radio Technical Committee

((http://www.http://www.ieiceieice.or..or.jpjp//cscs//srsr//jpnjpn//indexindex--ee.html.html))

Society:Society: IEICE Communication SocietyIEICE Communication SocietyEstablished:Established: December, 1998December, 1998Discussion Topics:Discussion Topics:

•• Theory Theory on SDRon SDR•• Software and hardware technologySoftware and hardware technology for SDRfor SDR•• ApplicationsApplications of SDRof SDR•• Research on APIsResearch on APIs (Application Programmable Interface)(Application Programmable Interface)•• Standardization for SDRStandardization for SDR•• Collaboration and cooperation Collaboration and cooperation with active organizations in with active organizations in

other countriesother countries such as such as SDRSDR--ForumForum


21



Members of the IEICE Software Radio Technical Members of the IEICE Software Radio Technical CommitteeCommittee

Chair:Chair: Ryuji Kohno Ryuji Kohno Yokohama Nat. Univ.Yokohama Nat. Univ.ViceVice--Chairs:Chairs: Kazuhiro Kazuhiro Uehara Uehara NTTNTT•• Masaaki Katayama Masaaki Katayama Nagoya Univ.Nagoya Univ.Secretaries:Secretaries: Hiroshi Harada Hiroshi Harada NICTNICT•• Yokitoshi Sanada Yokitoshi Sanada Keio Univ.Keio Univ.

Hiroshi Tsurumi Hiroshi Tsurumi ToshibaToshiba•• Junichi Takada Junichi Takada Tokyo Inst.Tech.Tokyo Inst.Tech.•• Atsuya Atsuya Yokoi Yokoi SunsongSunsongMembers:Members:•• Yoshi Akaiwa Yoshi Akaiwa Kyushu UnivKyushu Univ..•• Osamu Osamu Atsumi Atsumi SangikyoSangikyo•• NobukazuNobukazu Doi Doi HitachiHitachi•• KiyomichiKiyomichi Araki Araki Tokyo Inst. Tech.Tokyo Inst. Tech.•• Tetsushi Tetsushi Ikegami Ikegami Meiji Univ.Meiji Univ.•• Hiroyuki Ishii Hiroyuki Ishii NECNEC•• Teruo Teruo Ohnishi Ohnishi EricsonEricson JapanJapan•• Yoshitaka Ogawa Yoshitaka Ogawa Hokkaido Univ.Hokkaido Univ.•• Yoshio Yoshio Karasawa Karasawa Univ. Univ. ElectroElectro--CommComm..•• Takashi Takashi OhiraOhira ATR LabATR Lab

•• Kei Kei Sakaguchi Sakaguchi Tokyo Inst. Tech.Tokyo Inst. Tech.•• keiki Fujii keiki Fujii Tokyo Tokyo Noukou Noukou Univ.Univ.•• Tatu Koljonen Tatu Koljonen Nokia JapanNokia Japan•• Mamoru Mamoru Sawahashi Sawahashi NTTNTT DoCoMoDoCoMo•• Shintaro Taira Shintaro Taira National DefenseNational Defense

AgencyAgency•• Ysuhiko Ysuhiko Asano Asano Fujitsu Labs.Fujitsu Labs.•• Masao Nakagawa Masao Nakagawa Keio Univ.Keio Univ.•• Yoshio Nakamura Yoshio Nakamura Tohoku Univ.Tohoku Univ.•• Tatsuaki Tatsuaki Sakai Sakai KDDIKDDI•• MasachikaMasachika Harada Harada TI JapanTI Japan•• Takuzo Fujii Takuzo Fujii Hitachi Kokusai Hitachi Kokusai •• Toshiharu Kojima Toshiharu Kojima MitsubishiMitsubishi•• Kouichi Honma Kouichi Honma PanasonicPanasonic•• Masakazu Masakazu Sampei Sampei Osaka Univ.Osaka Univ.•• Eiichi Murata Eiichi Murata Kyoto Univ.Kyoto Univ.•• Hiroyuki Hiroyuki Morikawa Morikawa Univ. TokyoUniv. Tokyo•• Daisaku Yamane Daisaku Yamane JRCJRCConsults:Consults:•• Joe Joe MitolaMitola III III MITREMITRE•• Mark Cummings Mark Cummings enViaenVia, Inc., Inc.


22



Activities of IEICE Software Radio Activities of IEICE Software Radio Technical Committee inTechnical Committee in 19991999

January 27: The first technical committee meeting (Tokyo) March 11: The first technical conference : Joint Workshop(Yokusuka Research Park: YRP) together with the SDR Forum (March 9-11). June 30: 2nd technical conference （Osaka)September: Panel session was held in the PIMRC‘99 conference (10th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications)(Osaka) November 17: 3rd technical conference (Nagoya)


23



Activities of IEICE Software RadioActivities of IEICE Software RadioTechnical Committee inTechnical Committee in 20002000

April 11-13: SDR Workshop (Seoul, Korea)April 17: 4th technical conference : Joint Workshop (YokosukaResearch Park:YRP) together with the SDR Forum.May 16: Panel session at VTC spring (Vehicular Technology Conference) 2000 (Meridian Pacific Hotel Shinagawa, Tokyo)June: Publication of the special Issue on SDR in IEICE Trans. on Communications(English Volume)July 21: 5th technical conference (Keio Univ., Yokohama)September 13-15: Tyrrhenian Workshop on SDR(Italy)September 30: Panel session in IEICE Annual Conference (Nagoya Inst. Tech., Nagoya)October 20: 6th technical conference and Technical Exhibition (NTT Musashino, Tokyo)


24



Research Trend in 1Research Trend in 1thth StageStageBefore 2001 Before 2001 (from Activities of IEICE SR(from Activities of IEICE SR--TC)TC)–– Introduce software radio, Search research items, and applicationIntroduce software radio, Search research items, and applicationss–– Developed key technologiesDeveloped key technologies

•• Broadband and multipurpose receiversBroadband and multipurpose receivers•• Direct conversionDirect conversion、、Low IFLow IF

•• Software processing (adaptive) antennaSoftware processing (adaptive) antenna•• Broadband and multipurpose analogBroadband and multipurpose analog--toto--digital converterdigital converter

•• Effect of resolution of AD converter to Digital signal processioEffect of resolution of AD converter to Digital signal procession hardwaren hardware•• Adaptive multiAdaptive multi--sampling methodsampling method

•• Configuration of softwareConfiguration of software•• Software architectureSoftware architecture•• Flexible synchronization method, adaptive coding and decoding teFlexible synchronization method, adaptive coding and decoding techniquechnique

•• Software download methodSoftware download method•• Download protocolDownload protocol•• Software architecture to reduce the volume of softwareSoftware architecture to reduce the volume of software

•• AutoAuto--recognition of modulation schemerecognition of modulation scheme–– Development of prototype systemsDevelopment of prototype systems


25



Prototypes 1Prototypes 1

Changing parameters of Changing parameters of modulation, coding, and modulation, coding, and

filter filter

Wireless downloading,Wireless downloading,Adaptive modulationAdaptive modulation

Simultaneous processing, Simultaneous processing, Parameter control circuitParameter control circuit

MUSIC,DCMP MUSIC,DCMP algorithm includedalgorithm included

CharacteristicsCharacteristics16001600MIPSMIPS1600*4 1600*4 MIPSMIPS1600*4 1600*4 MIPSMIPS1600*4 1600*4 MIPSMIPSDSP powerDSP power

4040Msps(10bit)/64Msps(12Msps(10bit)/64Msps(12bit)bit)

104104MspsMsps(10bit)/52Msps(1(10bit)/52Msps(12bit)2bit)

50 50 MspsMsps(14bit)/60 (14bit)/60 MspsMsps(10bit)(10bit)

None / 5 None / 5 MspsMsps (12bit)(12bit)DAC/ADCDAC/ADC

TX:pi/4QPSK,nTX:pi/4QPSK,n--PSK(n=2PSK(n=2--8)8)RX:RX:nn--PSKPSK,,　　

pi/4QPSK,GMSK,MSKpi/4QPSK,GMSK,MSK

Pi/4QPSK(PHS),BPSK,QPi/4QPSK(PHS),BPSK,QPSK,PSK,

pi/4QPSK,16QAMpi/4QPSK,16QAM

Pi/4QPSK(PHS).BPSK+SS(Pi/4QPSK(PHS).BPSK+SS(GPS),ASK(ETC),QPSK,GGPS),ASK(ETC),QPSK,G

MSK,MSK,pi/4QPSK,pi/4QPSK,

BPSK,QPSK,pi/4QPSK,BPSK,QPSK,pi/4QPSK,GMSK,FM,AMGMSK,FM,AM

Modulation Modulation schemescheme

384384kbps(PHS),270.833kbkbps(PHS),270.833kbps(GSM),42kbpsps(GSM),42kbps（（PDCPDC））

384384kbps(PHS),96kbpskbps(PHS),96kbps（（quasi cellular quasi cellular

communicationcommunication））

384384kbps(PHS),1023Mcps(Gkbps(PHS),1023Mcps(GPS),1024kbps(ETC),384,PS),1024kbps(ETC),384,

270.833kbps(User)270.833kbps(User)

8,6,32 8,6,32 kbpskbpsTransmission Transmission speedspeed

2525～～192192kHzkHz300300KHz(PHS),75kHzKHz(PHS),75kHz20482048kHzkHz（（MAXMAX））32 32 kHzkHzChannel Channel bandwidthbandwidth

NoneNone25,3925,39MHzMHz1010MHz(PHS),40MHz(ETC)MHz(PHS),40MHz(ETC)IF frequencyIF frequency

4545MHz(TX), 10MHz(RX)MHz(TX), 10MHz(RX)1313MHzMHz20482048kHzkHz32 32 kHzkHzProcessing Processing frequencyfrequency

1.51.5～～22GHzGHz2.452.45GHzGHz1900,1500,52001900,1500,5200MHzMHz帯帯27,900,500,2000 27,900,500,2000 MHzMHzCoverageCoverage

PHS,GSM,PDCPHS,GSM,PDC（（Layer 1Layer 1））

PHS, quasi cellular PHS, quasi cellular communicationcommunication

PHS,GPS,ETC (full) ,GSMPHS,GPS,ETC (full) ,GSM（（ Layer 1Layer 1））,User,User

Surveillance to Detect Surveillance to Detect Illegal RadioIllegal Radio

ApplicationApplication

BasebandBaseband overover--samplingsamplingIF under samplingIF under samplingIF underIF under--samplingsamplingBaseband Baseband overover--samplingsampling

SamplingSampling

Antenna part, Direct Antenna part, Direct conversion receiver part, conversion receiver part,

transmission part, transmission part, ADC/DAC part, DDC ADC/DAC part, DDC

part, DSP partpart, DSP part

RF/IF part, ADC/DAC RF/IF part, ADC/DAC part, pre/post processor part, pre/post processor

part,part,DSP part, IF part, CPU DSP part, IF part, CPU

partpart

RF part (PHS,GPS,ETC), RF part (PHS,GPS,ETC), IF/ADC/DAC part, IF/ADC/DAC part, FPGA/DSP part, FPGA/DSP part,

Control partControl part

Antenna part, Sampling Antenna part, Sampling partpart（（RF,IF,ADC), RF,IF,ADC),

signal processing part signal processing part (DSP), CPU part, (DSP), CPU part,

monitormonitor

ConfigurationConfiguration

Software Radio Software Radio Prototype by Prototype by Direct Direct

ConversionConversion

Software Radio Base Software Radio Base Station and TerminalStation and Terminalfor Cellular & Adfor Cellular & Ad--hoc hoc

networksnetworks

Software Radio Software Radio ITS ITS Multimode TerminalMultimode Terminal

Software Radio Software Radio ReceiverReceiver

NameNameToshiba(1999)Toshiba(1999)NTT(1999)NTT(1999)NICT(1999) *CRL NICT(1999) *CRL ARIB(1998)ARIB(1998)AffiliationAffiliation


26



Examples of the Prototype Software Radio Examples of the Prototype Software Radio Hardware Developed in JapanHardware Developed in Japan

Fig. 1 Block Diagram of prototype SDR receiver for ARIB.

Antennaswitcher

RFamplifier

Frequencyconversion Detector

A/Dconversion

unit

signal processing1(demodulation

processing)

signal processing2(direction of arrival

measurementprocessing)

CPUunit

Controller(Personal computer)

Divider

Frequencysynthesizer Oscillator

Divider

Antenna Section Sampling Section Signal Processing Section


27




CharacteristicsCharacteristics

DSP powerDSP power

DAC/ADCDAC/ADC

Modulation schemeModulation scheme

Transmission speedTransmission speed

Channel bandwidthChannel bandwidth

IF frequencyIF frequency

Processing frequencyProcessing frequency

CoverageCoverage

ApplicationApplication

SamplingSampling


NameName

AffiliationAffiliation

Identification algorithm of Identification algorithm of modulation schemesmodulation schemes

12001200MFLOPSMFLOPS3200 3200 MIPS/moduleMIPS/module320 320 MFLOPS/boardMFLOPS/board

None/40None/40MspsMsps(12bit)(12bit)125 125 MspsMsps(14bit)/65 (14bit)/65 MspsMsps(12bit)(12bit)　　MAXMAX

4040 MspsMsps(12bit)/ 40 (12bit)/ 40 MspsMsps(12bit)(12bit)

BPSK,QPSK,pi/4QPSK.8PSK,BPSK,QPSK,pi/4QPSK.8PSK,6QAM,,FSK,MSK,GMSK,AM,6QAM,,FSK,MSK,GMSK,AM,

FMFM

FSK,BPSK,QPSK,6QAM,AM,FM,FSK,BPSK,QPSK,6QAM,AM,FM,SSBSSB

pi/4QPSK,FMpi/4QPSK,FM

384384kbps(PHS)kbps(PHS)5050bpsbps--64kbps64kbps

TXTX：：1.25MHz, RX 650kHz1.25MHz, RX 650kHz

21.421.4MHzMHz455455kHzkHz--100MHz100MHzTXTX：：1010--20MHz, RX:6520MHz, RX:65--75MHz75MHz

1010MHzMHz

2525MHzMHz--3GHz3GHz370370--380 380 MHzMHz

PHSPHS（（Layer 1Layer 1））

IF under samplingIF under samplingIF under samplingIF under sampling

RF part, signal processing RF part, signal processing part,(ADC+DSP+CPU), part,(ADC+DSP+CPU),

control partcontrol part

ADC/DAC/FPGA part, DSP part, ADC/DAC/FPGA part, DSP part, I/F part, control partI/F part, control part

RF part, ADC/DAC part, DSP RF part, ADC/DAC part, DSP part, ADC/DAC part, DSP part, ADC/DAC part, DSP part, I/F part, CPU part, part, I/F part, CPU part,

monitormonitor

Software ReceiverSoftware ReceiverSoftware Radio prototypeSoftware Radio prototypeIntelligent Base StationIntelligent Base Station

NEC(1997)NEC(1997)HitachiHitachi--kokusaikokusaielectronics (1999)electronics (1999)

Toyo communication Toyo communication Equipment and Tohoku Equipment and Tohoku

electronics power electronics power companycompany (1999)(1999)


28




Feb.6: Publication of Two Years Activities Report of SR-TG IEICE in Communication Society Steering Committee MeetingMarch 26-29: (1)Panel session on Applications of SDR

(2)Symposium on Latest Technologies of SDRin IEICE Annual Conference (Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu)

April 26: 7th technical conference : Joint Workshop (IEICE Headquater, Kikaishiko-Kanikan,Tokyo) together with the SDR Forum(April24-26)July: Publication of the special Issue on SDR in IEICE Trans. on Communications(Japanese Volume)September 18-21: (1)Panel session on SDR (2)Technical Session on Latest Technologies of SDR in IEICE Joint Societies Conference (Univ. Electro-Communications, Tokyo)October 17: FCC-MPHPT SDR Workshop(MPHPT headquater, Tokyo)October 18: 8th technical conference (CRL, Tokyo)December 14: 9th technical conference (Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka)


29




CharacteristicsCharacteristicsDSP powerDSP powerDAC/ADCDAC/ADC

Modulation schemeModulation scheme

Transmission speedTransmission speedIF frequencyIF frequency

CoverageCoverage

ApplicationApplicationSamplingSampling


NameName

AffiliationAffiliation

Broadband Direct Conversion Broadband Direct Conversion Based on MultiBased on Multi--Port Junction Port Junction

MMIC ( Zero IF)MMIC ( Zero IF)(500MHz(500MHz--9GHz)9GHz)

Flexible Rate Pre/Post ProcessorFlexible Rate Pre/Post ProcessorSimultaneous processingSimultaneous processing(MAX 5 systems),(MAX 5 systems),

Parameter controlled circuit,Parameter controlled circuit,Small size, 12VSmall size, 12V--2A2A

1600*4 1600*4 MIPSMIPSOnly Only FPGAsFPGAs8888MspsMsps(14bit)/88Msps(12bit)(14bit)/88Msps(12bit)2020 MspsMsps(14bit)/20 (14bit)/20 MspsMsps(10bit)(10bit)

BPSK,QPSK,.8PSK,16QAM,6BPSK,QPSK,.8PSK,16QAM,64QAM4QAM

Pi/4QPSK(PHS),CCKPi/4QPSK(PHS),CCK--SS(IEEE802.11bSS(IEEE802.11b））

ASK(ETC),BPSK+SS(GPS),QASK(ETC),BPSK+SS(GPS),QPSK,GMSK, Pi/4QPSK, PSK,GMSK, Pi/4QPSK,

BPSKBPSK

Signals with its bandwidth of Signals with its bandwidth of 15 MHz15 MHz

384384kbps(PHS),96kbpskbps(PHS),96kbps（（IEEE802.11bIEEE802.11b））10231023Mcps(GPS),1024kbps(ETMcps(GPS),1024kbps(ETC),384kbps(PHS), C),384kbps(PHS),

270.833kbps(GSM)270.833kbps(GSM)

NoneNone66 66 MHzMHz7070kHzkHz--5MHz5MHz

2.452.45GHz,5.25GHzGHz,5.25GHz1.51.9,2.451.51.9,2.45GHzGHz5.85.8GHz,1.5GHz,GHz,1.5GHz,7676--00MHz, 0.500MHz, 0.5--.6MHz.6MHz

Triple Mode WLANTriple Mode WLANPHS,IEEE802.b Wireless LANPHS,IEEE802.b Wireless LAN(Fully installed)(Fully installed)

ETC,VICS,AM/FM radio,FM ETC,VICS,AM/FM radio,FM Multiple Service GPS( Fully Multiple Service GPS( Fully installed), PHS,GSM (Layer installed), PHS,GSM (Layer

1), User1), User

BB Over SamplingBB Over SamplingIF underIF under--samplingsamplingIF underIF under--samplingsampling

RF part, signal processing part, RF part, signal processing part, control partcontrol part

RF/IF part, ADC/DAC part, RF/IF part, ADC/DAC part, pre/post processor part,pre/post processor part,

DSP part, IF part, CPU partDSP part, IF part, CPU part

RF part (PHS,GPS,ETC), RF part (PHS,GPS,ETC), IF/ADC/DAC part, FPGA IF/ADC/DAC part, FPGA

part,part,Control partControl part

Software Radio Universal Software Radio Universal PlatformPlatform ((SOPRANOSOPRANO))

Software Radio Base Station Software Radio Base Station and Terminaland Terminal

Software Radio Prototype Software Radio Prototype for for ITSITS

SONYSONY--CSL(2000)CSL(2000)NTT(2001)NTT(2001)NICT (2001) *CRLNICT (2001) *CRL


30



First Prototype of Software Radio Receiver in SONY CSL/ATLFirst Prototype of Software Radio Receiver in SONY CSL/ATL

SOPRANO 1.1SOPRANO 1.11.1. Hardware PlatformHardware Platform ：： SDR Platform which demodulates received signal of SDR Platform which demodulates received signal of

dual band in dual band in 2.45GHz and 5.25GH2.45GHz and 5.25GHｚｚ and was operated byand was operated by 5port Junction Direct 5port Junction Direct

Converter with broadband (500MHzConverter with broadband (500MHz--9GHz) and low power consumption.9GHz) and low power consumption.

2.2. Software PlatformSoftware Platform：： Software design framework ofSoftware design framework of basebandbaseband circuit circuit through through

system highsystem high--level language (C++, System C) to circuit implementation.level language (C++, System C) to circuit implementation.

A/D

A/D

A/D

RF Circuit Digital Circuit

Preselect Filter 1

Preselect Filter 2

Local Filter

Five-port

MMIC

Non-linearity Compensation

for Power Detection

I-Q

Calculation

Block

Local SignalGain Control

I

Q

Wireless Protocol

Data

5port Direct Convertert


31



NICTNICT’’ss Development of SDR prototype for new Development of SDR prototype for new generation mobile communication systemsgeneration mobile communication systems

Consists of generalConsists of general--purpose purpose FPGA, CPU, and RF boardsFPGA, CPU, and RF boardsSoftware modules for Software modules for WW--CDMA and IEEE802.11aCDMA and IEEE802.11a is is preparedpreparedLayer 1,2,and 3 for both Layer 1,2,and 3 for both systems are completely systems are completely implemented implemented SDR can communicate with SDR can communicate with WW--CDMA BTS and access CDMA BTS and access point for wireless LANpoint for wireless LANCommunication systems can Communication systems can be changed manually or be changed manually or automaticallyautomatically

Developed by Dr.Hiroshi Harada, Leader of Wireless Access Group,Yokosuka Radio Communications Research Center National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)


32



FPGA board, CPU board, and RF boardFPGA board, CPU board, and RF board

FPGA board CPU board RF board


33



Requirement of FPGA, CPU, and RF boardsRequirement of FPGA, CPU, and RF boardsItem Requirement

FPGA board

ADC 2ch/170 Msps/12bit/0dBm input

DAC 2ch/500 Msps/12bit/0dBm output

FPGA Xilinx XC2V4000,6000,8000 (selectable)

IF to RF board Analog in (2ch)/Analog out(3ch)/Cont(5bit)

External clk I/F Input 5M-66MHz, 0dBm2,4,8,16 times clk generate automatically

External output CPU-IF (Max 80Mbyte/s)External output(Max 600Mbyte/s)

CPU board

CPU 430 MIPS(240MHz)×2

OS μ-ITRON (PrKERNELｖ4)

I/O Compact Flash, RS232C,USB,Ethernet/JTAG

RF boards 5 GHz band board + 2 GHz band board


34




March 27-30: IEICE Annual Conference (Waseda University, Tokyo)(1)Panel session on Applications of SDR (2)Symposium on Latest Technologies of SDR

March 29: Publication of the special Issue on SDR in IEICE Trans. on Communications(English Volume) in DecemberApril 16-18: SDR Forum in National Science Academy, Tokyo April 19: 10th technical conference (Will-Aichi, Nagoya)July: 11th technical conference (Sumson Lab, Yokohama)August 19: URSI-GA 2002 (Maastricht, The Netherlands)Commission C –Signals and Systems SSession C.1: Software Reconfigurable Radio SystemsSeptember 18-21: IEICE Joint Societies Conference (Univ. Electro-Communications, Tokyo) (1)Panel session on SDR

(2)Technical Session on Latest Technologies of SDR October 27-30: WPMC’02 (Hawaii, USA) Keynote & Panel on SDRNovember 6-8: ITST2002 (Seoul, Korea) Talk on SDR for ITSNovember 11-12: 2002 Software Defined Radio Technical Conference and Product Exposition (SDR’02) in San Diego, USADecember 13: 12th technical conference (ATR Lab, Kyoto)


35




March 19-22: IEICE Annual Conference (Tohoku University, Sendai)(1)Panel session on Applications of SDR (2)Symposium on Latest Technologies of SDR

March 28: Publication of the special Issue on SDR in IEICE Trans. on Communications(English Volume) in DecemberApril 14: SDR Forum in Mita Hall, Keio University, Tokyo June 27: 13th technical conference (Ritsumeikan University, Shiga)September 22-26: IEICE Joint Societies Conference (Niigata University, Niigata) (1)Panel session on SDR(2)Technical Session on Latest Technologies of SDRSeptember : SDR Forum in ParisOctober 19-22: WPMC’03 (Yokosuka, Japan) Panel & Technical sessions on SDROctober 12-18: ITU TelecomWorld’03 (Geneve, Switzerland) Invited speech on Future Wireless with SDR and UWBOctober 30: SDR Seminor (Shinchu, Taiwan) Intro. Japanese ActivitiesNovember 17-20: 2003 Software Defined Radio Technical Conference and Product Exposition (SDR’03) in Orlando, USADecember 9: 14th technical conference (Tokyo NoKo University, Tokyo)


36




March 22-25: IEICE Annual Conference (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo) (1)Panel session on Applications of SDR

(2)Technical Sessions on Latest Technologies of SDRMay 7: 20020044 Workshop on Smart antenna and Workshop on Smart antenna and SDRinSDRin cooperation with cooperation with SDR Forum, , HanyangHanyang University, Seoul in KoreaUniversity, Seoul in KoreaMay 31: 15th technical conference (Toshiba Training Center, Shi-Yokohama)September 21-24: IEICE Joint Societies Conference (Tokushima University, Tokushima)

(1)Tutorial Session on SDR(2)Technical Sessions on Latest Technologies of SDR

September 12-15: WPMC’04 (Abano Terme, Italy) Panel & Technical sessions on SDROctober 10-13: ISITA2004 (Parma, Italy) Technical Sessions on SDR October 29: 16th technical conference (Nagoya University, Nagoya)November 15-17: 2004 Software Defined Radio Technical Conference and Product Exposition (SDR’04) in Phoenix, USA


37



Developed Key Technologies for SDR Systems Developed Key Technologies for SDR Systems (Part 1)(Part 1)

(1) (1) AntennaAntenna88 Phased array antennaPhased array antenna in which phase of received signals in each in which phase of received signals in each

element antenna can is controlled to design element antenna can is controlled to design beamformbeamform..88 Adaptive array antennaAdaptive array antenna is which both phase and amplitude can be is which both phase and amplitude can be

adaptively controlled for adaptive adaptively controlled for adaptive beamformingbeamforming..88 Antenna spacing of adjacent elements is used to be half a waveleAntenna spacing of adjacent elements is used to be half a wavelength, ngth,

so these are implemented with so these are implemented with micromicro--strips for millimeter wavesstrips for millimeter waves..88 Digital Beam FormingDigital Beam Forming((DBFDBF)) for for MultiMulti--band or Broadband Software band or Broadband Software

Reconfigurable Reconfigurable AntennaAntenna

SpaceSpace--Time Signal ProcessingTime Signal Processing–– Digital Beam FormingDigital Beam Forming((DBFDBF))･･････Adaptive array antenna can Adaptive array antenna can

digitize signals received at each element and controldigitize signals received at each element and controlbeamformbeamform or antenna pattern with software algorithm.or antenna pattern with software algorithm.

–– MIMO, SpaceMIMO, Space--Time CodingTime Coding & Space Division Multiple & Space Division Multiple AccessAccess((SDMASDMA))････Software antenna can distinguishSoftware antenna can distinguish multiusermultiusersignals in space domain and enable to Multiple Access in signals in space domain and enable to Multiple Access in space domain. space domain.


38



Smart AntennaSmart Antenna: Adaptive Array Antenna: Adaptive Array Antenna

Adaptive array antenna can supress undesired signalwaves by beamforming or directivity in spatial domain

Adaptive Array Antenna: Software Antenna

Adaptive Array Antenna: Software Antenna

Software RadioSoftware Radio

θ

Σ

＊

Reference Y(k)

+-

e(k)

Wn W1W2

Ln L2

X1X2Xn

Spatial Filter, Array Sensor


39



Mobile Station HUB StationBoth Station located in Academia-Industry Collaboration Center of Yokohama National University

VSAT antenna+

Transceiver

DBF array antenna+

Receiver

Uplink: 30GHzDownlink: 20GHz

1.8m Parabolic Antennaand HUB station

in the top of building

Geostationary Satellite (Ka-band)

Project on Mobile Satellite Communication Systems Using KaProject on Mobile Satellite Communication Systems Using Ka--band with band with Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications in Kohno Lab of YokohamMinistry of Posts and Telecommunications in Kohno Lab of Yokohama a

National UniversityNational University


40



Mobile Station of Mobile Satellite Communication SystemMobile Station of Mobile Satellite Communication SystemUsing KaUsing Ka--band inband in Yokohama National UniversityYokohama National University

Refrection Antenna

DBF Antenna64 elements


41




(2)(2) AD Conversion TechniqueAD Conversion Technique–– Quadrature Quadrature SamplingSampling …… demodulating IF signal as 2 channel with two demodulating IF signal as 2 channel with two

lowlow--speed ADCspeed ADC–– BandpassBandpass SamplingSampling …… Under sampling band limited IF signal and Under sampling band limited IF signal and

changing into base changing into base --bandband

–– SuperSuper--fast sampling ADC by the fast sampling ADC by the superconductivesuperconductive devicedevice(3) Digital Signal Processing Technologies: DSP, FPGA, ASIC etc(3) Digital Signal Processing Technologies: DSP, FPGA, ASIC etc

(a)(a) DSP DSP can perform adaptive signal processing but processing speed shoucan perform adaptive signal processing but processing speed should be ld be improved higher. improved higher.

(b)(b) FPGA FPGA can perform fast signal processing butcan perform fast signal processing but reconfigurabilityreconfigurability should be should be improved. improved.

(c) (c) Software Software ReconfigurableReconfigurable LOGICLOGICExampleExample：： QuicksilverQuicksilver　　TechnologyTechnology，，MorphICsMorphICs


42



(4) (4) RF Circuit TechniqueRF Circuit Technique(a) Linearity of(a) Linearity of PSPS(Phase Shifter),(Phase Shifter), ATTATT(Attenuator) and(Attenuator) and LNALNA(Low Noise (Low Noise

Amplifier)Amplifier) should be calibrated when array weights are controlled in should be calibrated when array weights are controlled in analogue.analogue.

(b)The dynamic range of the (b)The dynamic range of the MMICMMIC should be wide enough to avoid the should be wide enough to avoid the design which requires an experience in RF.design which requires an experience in RF.

(c) (c) Power consumptionPower consumption increase in Wideband RF Circuit increase in Wideband RF Circuit RF performance declines, because the third RF performance declines, because the third interinter--modulation modulation

distortiondistortion and and dynamic rangedynamic range becomes worse.becomes worse.(d)(d)Direct ConversionDirect Conversion･･････ RF signals are directly converted into RF signals are directly converted into

basebandbaseband signals instead of complex IF transform (Circuit signals instead of complex IF transform (Circuit simplify,Possible to generalize) simplify,Possible to generalize)

(5) RF Analog Processing(5) RF Analog Processing(a) (a) Analog Adaptive or Tunable Antennas and FiltersAnalog Adaptive or Tunable Antennas and Filters is developed for is developed for

multimulti--band service.band service.(b) (b) Analog processing and LOGICS in RFAnalog processing and LOGICS in RF can reduce digital can reduce digital

processing inprocessing in basebandbaseband and improve realand improve real--timetime reconfigurabilityreconfigurability..



43



Remained Research Issues for Remained Research Issues for SoftwareSoftware ReconfigurableReconfigurable Radio and NetworksRadio and Networks

1. Mass Production of Software Reconfigurable antenna,

RF module and baseband LOGIC

2. Description Language and module definition for

Standardization of API

3. Inter-operable OS for Multiple Processors

4. System Handover for Transparency of Various Networks

5. Secure Protocol for System Software Download

6. End-to-end Reconfigurabilty(E2R) via Various Networks


44



KentaKenta UMEBAYASHIUMEBAYASHI–– Concept of Universal radio in SDRConcept of Universal radio in SDR–– Multimode PLL for carrier recovery and Multimode PLL for carrier recovery and modulation identificationmodulation identificationKentaro Kentaro IKEMOTOIKEMOTO–– Adaptive Modulation & Channel Coding TechniqueAdaptive Modulation & Channel Coding Technique–– Modulation & Channel Coding Identification TechniqueModulation & Channel Coding Identification Technique–– Channel and System SensingChannel and System Sensing for SDR+UWB communication for SDR+UWB communication

systemsystemKazuyuki OKUIKEKazuyuki OKUIKE–– OnOn--Board Automatic Certification SystemBoard Automatic Certification System ((ACSACS) for ) for TypeType--

approval approval of SDR Terminalsof SDR TerminalsMotoko Motoko TANIGUCHITANIGUCHI–– Remote MaintenanceRemote Maintenance based on FPGA Fault Detection Using based on FPGA Fault Detection Using

Error Correcting CodesError Correcting Codes for SDR Systemsfor SDR Systems–– Adaptive Radio Resource ManagementAdaptive Radio Resource Management Using SDR Using SDR BasestationsBasestations

and Terminals and Terminals

Research on SDR Research on SDR in Yokohama National Universityin Yokohama National University


45




46



Anticipation of SDR EvolutionAnticipation of SDR Evolution

　　There are two directions of SDR Evolution.There are two directions of SDR Evolution.1.1. From Physical Layer to Network LayerFrom Physical Layer to Network LayerTerminal Terminal ReconfigurabilityReconfigurability Basestation Reconfigurability Basestation Reconfigurability

Network Network ReconfigurabilityReconfigurability

2.2. From Radio to Consumer ElectronicsFrom Radio to Consumer ElectronicsReconfigurableReconfigurable RadioRadio Reconfigurable Reconfigurable NetworkNetwork

Reconfigurable Reconfigurable EquipmentsEquipments; ; Audio/Video, Consumer ElectronicsAudio/Video, Consumer ElectronicsReconfigurableReconfigurable Toy, Toy, ReconfigurableReconfigurable Automobiles ?Automobiles ?


47



Anticipation of SDR Evolution (continue)Anticipation of SDR Evolution (continue) What is the most important issue for these directions?What is the most important issue for these directions?

1. To Network level: (1) 1. To Network level: (1) Sophisticated Measurement orSophisticated Measurement orSensing Radio EnvironmentSensing Radio EnvironmentCognitive radioCognitive radio

(2)(2) MultiMulti--layer layer ReconfigurabilityReconfigurability between physical between physical and network layerand network layers s

E2R (EndE2R (End--toto--end end RecofigurabilityRecofigurability))2. To Consumer 2. To Consumer ElecronicsElecronics: : ReconfigurableReconfigurable ArchitectureArchitecture

SoftwareSoftware--Hardware CompatibilityHardware Compatibility,,SoftwareSoftware--Hardware CoHardware Co--DesignDesign

What shall we do next?What shall we do next?(1) Business:(1) Business: Make valuable business models !Make valuable business models !(2) Education: Educate experts for SDR who can cover (2) Education: Educate experts for SDR who can cover crosscross--

over field between over field between Computer ScienceComputer Science and and Radio Communication Radio Communication Engineering !Engineering !


48



Elementary and CrossElementary and Cross--over Technologies over Technologies for SDRfor SDR

Transmission Tech.(Signal Design and Detection Theory)

Wireless Tech.(Elec-Mag Field Analysis,

Propagation Modeling)

Software Eng.(Algorithm,

Program Language)

Device Process(SemiCon, Super Conductive)

Signal Processing Tech.(Digital Filter, FFT)

Modulation & Demodulation

Air Interface

User InterfaceNetoworl Routing

Protocol (Tranform)

CryptographyCryptographyInf. SecurityInf. Security

Interface

MultiplexingMultiple Access

同期Coding & Decoding

Equalization

APIAPIAdaptive Array Antenna(DBF)

ConvertorConvertor

SamplingSampling(ADC, DAC)(ADC, DAC)

Filtering

Adaptive Algorithm

DownloadReconfigurationSimulation

RealReal--time OStime OSApplication ProgramChannel Estimatio

Mesurement Equipments

Antenna

RF CircuitRF Circuit

Battery

ProcessorProcessor(FPGA, DSP,(FPGA, DSP,

ASIC)ASIC)Memory

Device Driver

Description Language(IDL, SDL)

Software Defined Radio


49



Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB AgendaAgenda





50



Background of UWB R&DBackground of UWB R&D

Wideband Radio Systems, e.g. 3G(UMTS, IMT2000), WLAN(IEEE802.11.a,b,g) by Wideband CDMA, SS, OFDM etc.

Current Demands on Radio Systems

Higher Capacity and Better QoS

The wider bandwidth radio system, the better performance will be obtained.UWB（Ultra Wideband) is attractive because

Low Interference to Coexisting SystemsVery Small Power ConsumptionUltra High Speed Data Trasmission.High Multipath ResolutionOne-chip Implemention : SoC


51



Comparison of Spectral Distribution

Ultra Wideband (GHz) is occupied by a pulse with ultra short time duration (1nsec～ 100psec)Transmitted power is extremely low (10nW/MHz)

ConventionalNarrowband system

Spread SpectrumSystem

Limit of Radiated Noise Power By FCC Part15(-41.3dBm/MHz)

Ultra Wideband(UWB) System

Frequency　（Ｈｚ）

Tran

smitt

ed P

ower

(dB

m/M

Hz)

Definition of UWBDefinition of UWBUWB Bandwidth UWB Bandwidth

–– Fractional bandwidth (BW)Fractional bandwidth (BW) = = (Bandwidth)/(Central Frequency) > 25%（DARPA）

–– Fractional bandwidth (BW)Fractional bandwidth (BW) > > 20%20% or Bandwidth > or Bandwidth > 500MHz（FCC)

–– Comparing ExamplesComparing Examples

・　AM　6.8kHz/530kHz＝1.3%• cdmaOne　1.25MHz/800MHz＝0.15%• W-CDMA 5MHz/2200MHz＝0.23%• WLAN(IEEE802.11) 22MHz/2450MHz＝0.9%

c

LH

LH

LH

fff

ffffBW −

=+−

= 2Fractional

KohnoKohnoLaboratoryLaboratory

Frequency

PSD

10 dB

fhfl ｆｃ


53



Modulation and Multiple Access Schemes for UWB Transmission

1. Modulation1.1 Modulation without Carrier（Impulse Radio, CarrierImpulse Radio, Carrier--freefree）

Using a train of impulsive signals(1) PPM(Pulse Position Modulation)(2) Bi-phase Modulation(3) PSM(Pulse Shape Modulation) using orthogonal pulses

1.2 Modulation with Carrier(1) FH, TFH(2) DS(3) OFDM

2. Multiple Access Scheme for Multi2. Multiple Access Scheme for Multi--usersusers(1) (1) Time Hopping（TH)/CDMA(2) DS/CDMA(3) CSMA/CD,CA


54



What is Impulse Radio UWB(UWBWhat is Impulse Radio UWB(UWB--IR) ?IR) ?

・UWB-IR（Ultra Wide Band based on Impulse Radio) is defined as a radio communication scheme using a train of pulses with duration of less than 1nsec.・Its spectrum is ultra-widely spread over several GHz in width.

BPSK Signal with Sinusoidal Carrier

UWB Signal with Pulse Train< 1 nsecSeveral 100 nsec


55



Time Waveforms and Frequency Spectra Time Waveforms and Frequency Spectra at at TxTx and Rx Antennasand Rx Antennas



56



Typical Transmission of UWBTypical Transmission of UWB--IR Signal IR Signal with PPM and THwith PPM and TH

Case of Datum=0

・ Data Modulation: Pulse Positioning Modulation(PPM)Pulse Positioning Modulation(PPM)・・ Multiple Access: Multiple Access: CDMA based on Time Hopping(TH)CDMA based on Time Hopping(TH)

RemarkRemark: Both are : Both are TimeTime--Domain ProcessingDomain Processing !!

Output


57



Case of Datum=1

Typical Transmission of UWBTypical Transmission of UWB--IR Signal IR Signal with PPM and THwith PPM and TH

・ Data Modulation: Pulse Positioning Modulation(PPM)Pulse Positioning Modulation(PPM)・・ Multiple Access: Multiple Access: CDMA based on Time Hopping(TH)CDMA based on Time Hopping(TH)

RemarkRemark: Both are : Both are TimeTime--Domain ProcessingDomain Processing !!

Output


58



Modulation and Multiple Access in Time Modulation and Multiple Access in Time Domain (TH/PPM)Domain (TH/PPM)

Pulse waveform Pulse Repitition time

∑∞

−∞=

−−−=j

ejc

ejf

etr

eetr DTcjTtwtS )()( )()()()()( δ

),1,0,1,0,1,1( LDj =

Tx Datum

TH pattern for User ID Shift value for binary modulation

TH Chip length

(Reference） M. Z. Win and R. A. Scholtz, “Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Time-Hopping Spread-Spectrum Impulse Radio for WirelessMultiple-Access Communications,” IEEE Trans. Commun., Vol. 48, No.4, pp. 679-691, Apr. 2000



59



Shannon Capacity in AWGN ChannelShannon Capacity in AWGN Channel（（bit/secbit/sec））

Since UWB systems use Since UWB systems use ultra wideband width ultra wideband width ＢＢ over over several GHzseveral GHz, , transmission rate can theoretically achieve transmission rate can theoretically achieve ultra high speed ultra high speed more than 1Gb/s. more than 1Gb/s.

Watts in power NoiseNWatts in power SignalP

Hertz in bandwidth Channel Bbits/s incapacity channel MaxC

NPBC

====

+= 1log 2

Channel Capacity (Max Transmission Rate)Channel Capacity (Max Transmission Rate)



60



Properties and Benefits of UWB1. Power Spectrum Density is extremely low (lower than noise)

⇒ Possible to coexist with other systems due to low interference ( High immunity to interference due to large effective processing gain)

2. Time duration of a pulse is extremely short ( a few nsec）

⇒ Robust against multi-path distortion because of RAKE type of receiving with high path resolution⇒ High resolution ranging and positioning （within a few cm）

⇒ Possible to achieve both communication and ranging3. Carrier free, and extremely low duty cycle operation

⇒ Possible to implement low cost and compact systems with minimal RF, no mixer, and low power-consumption

4. Occupied frequency bandwidth is extremely wide（GHｚ)⇒ Possible to achieve ultra-high capacity (many users) or

high speed transmission (over 100 Mbps）

UWB can keep all features of Spread Spectrum and emphasize its advantages.

Information Theoretical interest for capacity limit

Low cost implementation based on Signal Processing only in time domain (e.g. One-Chip SoC)

New business creation in wireless industry as well as novel research paradigm in Academia


61



Potential Applications of UWBPotential Applications of UWB

Wireless communicationsWireless communications– High speed/low speed and high user capacity– Short distance communication (e.g., a few ten meter)– Indoor wireless CE(e.g., WPAN, wireless tags, Sensor Netowork)– Outdoor communications (e.g., WLL)

ITSITS: Intelligent Transport Systems: Intelligent Transport Systems– Colision avoidance radar– Realization of both communication and ranging with a single hardware

• Imaging and sensors− Medical imaging− Ground penetration

• Security systems− Intrusion detection and sensing

printer PDA Digital Camera

DigitalVideo

TV

DigitalAudio

PC

PC


62



62


Power C

onsumption

during Transmission

Achievable Transmission Rate(b/s)

1M 10M 100M

Higher Capacity

Low P

ower

Consum

ption

UWB

IEEE802.11a

IEEE802.11b

Bluetooth

Targeting of UWB Wireless CommunicationsTargeting of UWB Wireless Communications



63



Problems of UWBProblems of UWB1. 1. Design and MassDesign and Mass--Production of Production of Pulse Generators, Pulse Generators,

RF devises, Antennas etc for UWBRF devises, Antennas etc for UWB2. 2. DetectionDetection of Accurate Pulse waveform in Receiver of Accurate Pulse waveform in Receiver

InterInter--Pulse Symbol InterferencePulse Symbol Interference in the Presence of in the Presence of MultipathMultipath

3. 3. MultiMulti--user Interferenceuser Interference or Intraor Intra--system Interferencesystem Interference4. 4. InterInter--system Interferencesystem Interference with Cowith Co--existing Overlaid existing Overlaid

SystemsSystems5. 5. Spectral Management for UWB SystemsSpectral Management for UWB Systems to Avoid to Avoid

Collision or Interference with Conventional SystemsCollision or Interference with Conventional Systems

UWB Emission Limit for UWB Emission Limit for Indoor Communication SystemsIndoor Communication Systemsdefined by thedefined by the FCC FCC Feb 14, 02 Feb 14, 02 [[between 3.1between 3.1--10.6 GHz. 10.6 GHz. ]]


UWB Emission Limit for UWB Emission Limit for Outdoor Communication SystemsOutdoor Communication Systemsdefined by thedefined by the FCC FCC Feb 14, 02 Feb 14, 02 [[between 3.1between 3.1--10.6 GHz. 10.6 GHz. ]]



66



Subjects of Current Research (1/2)Subjects of Current Research (1/2)Transmitters, pulse generation, waveformsTransmitters, pulse generation, waveforms and basis and basis functionsfunctions

–– HighHigh--speed pulse generationspeed pulse generation–– Spectrum shapingSpectrum shaping and wavelet basis functionsand wavelet basis functions–– More efficient and adaptive modulation techniquesMore efficient and adaptive modulation techniques

ReceiversReceivers and basebandand baseband–– HighHigh--speed sampling (speed sampling (TTmm = 1 ns, 2s/pulse = 1 ns, 2s/pulse ffss = 2 Gsps)= 2 Gsps)–– Interference rejection techniquesInterference rejection techniques–– UWB RAKE receiver designs (e.g., UWB RAKE receiver designs (e.g., SW radio architectureSW radio architecture))

Access control and network intergrationAccess control and network intergration–– UWB MAC protocolUWB MAC protocol–– Coding techniquesCoding techniques–– Novel access techniques (e.g., hybrids)Novel access techniques (e.g., hybrids)

RegulationRegulation–– Noise aggregation, limits and thresholdsNoise aggregation, limits and thresholds


67



SynchronizationSynchronization and time base stabilityand time base stability–– Picosecond accuracyPicosecond accuracy–– Jitter reductionJitter reduction

PropagationPropagation–– MeasurementMeasurement of UWB signal Propagationof UWB signal Propagation for indoor for indoor

communication (e.g., very short range)communication (e.g., very short range)–– Channel modelsChannel models for higher frequency (e.g., above 2.4 GHz)for higher frequency (e.g., above 2.4 GHz)

AntennasAntennas–– Low cost, efficient, electrically small antennas for portable Low cost, efficient, electrically small antennas for portable

applicationsapplications

TechnologyTechnology–– HighHigh--speed CMOS implementationspeed CMOS implementation

Subjects of Current Research (2/2)Subjects of Current Research (2/2)


68



Research Issues on UWB in Research Issues on UWB in Kohno LaboratoryKohno Laboratory1.1. Interference Analysis Interference Analysis between UWB and conventional Systemsbetween UWB and conventional Systems2.2. MultiMulti--level orlevel or MM--aryary schemesschemes for Improvement of UWB for Improvement of UWB

Transmission EfficiencyTransmission Efficiency3.3. Pulse Shaping and MultiPulse Shaping and Multi--pulse Shaping schemespulse Shaping schemes for for

Improvement of UWB Transmission Efficiency Improvement of UWB Transmission Efficiency 4.4. MultiMulti--user Detection and Interference Cancellation Technologiesuser Detection and Interference Cancellation Technologies

for Improvement of UWBfor Improvement of UWB--CDMA User CapacityCDMA User Capacity5.5. Design of Sequences with Appropriate Correlation PropertiesDesign of Sequences with Appropriate Correlation Properties for for

UWBUWB--CDMA and SynchronizationCDMA and Synchronization6.6. SpaceSpace--Time Equalization TechnologiesTime Equalization Technologies in the Presence of in the Presence of

Multipath Distortion Multipath Distortion 7.7. SpaceSpace--Time Interference Cancellation TechnologiesTime Interference Cancellation Technologies in the in the

Presence ofPresence of Overlaid or CoOverlaid or Co--existing Conventional Systemsexisting Conventional Systems8.8. Ultra Wideband Antenna for UWBUltra Wideband Antenna for UWB9.9. Joint Communicating and Ranging SystemsJoint Communicating and Ranging Systems Based on UWBBased on UWB10.10. Joint Optical and Radio Implementation for UWB TransmissionJoint Optical and Radio Implementation for UWB Transmission


69



20042004 Doctor, Master, and Bachelor Theses on UWB in Doctor, Master, and Bachelor Theses on UWB in Kohno LaboratoryKohno Laboratory1.1. Doctor Thesis(a part):Doctor Thesis(a part): Orthogonal PulseOrthogonal Pulse--Shape Design Shape Design in Jitter Channel and in Jitter Channel and

in Differentiating Channelsin Differentiating Channels ((Giuseppe AbreuGiuseppe Abreu))2.2. Master Thesis:Master Thesis: Array Antenna Using Element Antenna with Different Array Antenna Using Element Antenna with Different

Frequency Characteristics for UWB Wireless TransmissionFrequency Characteristics for UWB Wireless Transmission ((Tadatomo Tadatomo Satoh)Satoh)3.3. Master Thesis:Master Thesis: Multiuser Detection for Ultra Wideband Code Division Multiple Multiuser Detection for Ultra Wideband Code Division Multiple

AccessAccess ((SeneiSenei SegawaSegawa))4.4. Master Thesis:Master Thesis: ITS InterITS Inter--Vehicle Communication and Ranging Using Ultra Vehicle Communication and Ranging Using Ultra

Wideband Impulse RadioWideband Impulse Radio (Takeshi Matsumura)(Takeshi Matsumura)5.5. Master Thesis:Master Thesis: Ultra Wideband Radio Transmission Using Fiber Bragg GratingUltra Wideband Radio Transmission Using Fiber Bragg Grating

((TakehiroTakehiro Yamamoto)Yamamoto)6.6. Bachelor Thesis:Bachelor Thesis: NonNon--linear Swept Chirp Waveform for UWB Multiple Access linear Swept Chirp Waveform for UWB Multiple Access

CommunicationsCommunications ((ShunpeiShunpei Ida)Ida)7.7. Bachelor Thesis:Bachelor Thesis: ErrorError--Detection for Synchronization Using Orthogonal Detection for Synchronization Using Orthogonal

Sequences in UWB Impulse Radio CommunicationsSequences in UWB Impulse Radio Communications ((Kyoichi ObanaKyoichi Obana))8.8. Bachelor Thesis:Bachelor Thesis: Adaptive Modulation inAdaptive Modulation in MultibandMultiband OFDM in the Presence ofOFDM in the Presence of　　

Narrow Band InterferenceNarrow Band Interference ((Sumikazu Sumikazu Yahata)Yahata)9.9. Bachelor Thesis:Bachelor Thesis: Estimation of Direction of Arrival Using Array AntennaEstimation of Direction of Arrival Using Array Antenna　　with with

ModifiedModified HermitianHermitian Waveform in UWB Communication SWaveform in UWB Communication Sｙｙstemsstems (Takashi (Takashi UefujiUefuji))


70



Regulatory Activities on Commercial UWBRegulatory Activities on Commercial UWB

> In the USA, the FCC released the UWB regulations on February 14, 2002 with strict guidelines on transmitting power.

> In Europe, ETSI is making the UWB regulations while EC established IST projects,e.g. Ultra Waves, UCAN, PULSERS.

> In Japan, NICT(CRL) established UWB technology Institute and organizes UWB Consortium to promote R&D and make radio regulation for commercial use of UWB.


71



NICT UWB Project in NICTNICT UWB Project in NICT

NICT

NICT UWB Project

Wireless Communications department

UWB technology

group

Millimeter-wave device group

Communication system EMC

group

Millimeter-wave promotion

project


72



UWB standardization activitiesUWB standardization activitiesNICT contributes standardization in NICT contributes standardization in Telecommunication Council in Japanese Telecommunication Council in Japanese government, IEEE, ITUgovernment, IEEE, ITU--R in cooperation with R in cooperation with academia and industry on the basis of result of academia and industry on the basis of result of research activity.research activity.For instance;For instance;

A)A) IEEE 802.15 TG3aIEEE 802.15 TG3a : : Proposal of Soft Proposal of Soft Spectrum AdaptationSpectrum Adaptation

B)B) IEEE 802.15 TG4a : Proposal being preparedIEEE 802.15 TG4a : Proposal being preparedC)C) ITUITU--R TG1/8 : Contributions in 3 meetings R TG1/8 : Contributions in 3 meetings

from October 2003from October 2003


73



>>　　Organization:Organization:NICT(CRL) UWB Technology Institute and associating ManufacturerNICT(CRL) UWB Technology Institute and associating Manufacturers s (over 30 companies) and Academia (6 universities)(over 30 companies) and Academia (6 universities)(1) (1) Microwave GroupMicrowave Group: Short: Short--term R&D of WPAN etcterm R&D of WPAN etc(2) (2) Millimeter wave GroupMillimeter wave Group: Mid: Mid--term R&D of millimeter applications term R&D of millimeter applications >>　　Aim:Aim:(1) R&D and Regulation of UWB Wireless Systems(2) Channel Measurement and Modeling with Experiment

Design and Implementation of UWB System Test-bed in band（960MHz, 3.1-10.6GHz, 22-29GHz, over 60GHz)

(3) R&D of Low Cost Module with higher data rate over 100Mbps(4) Contribution in Standardization and regulationContribution in Standardization and regulation with ARIB, MMAC,

IEEE802.15, MPHPT, and ITU-R etc

Japanese UWB Consortium among Industry, Academia, and Government


74



NICT UWB Project and Japanese UWB Collaboration

NICT UWB Project-R&D, Standardization,

Regulation, Collaboration-・UWB Technology Group

・Millimeter-wave promotion project・Millimeter-wave device group

・Communication system EMC group

Japanese UWB Consortium- Joint research group

- Joint proposal for standard

Private Companies Universities

Yokosuka Research Park (YRP)

MMAC’s Domestic Standardization for

UWB

PULSERSProject

International Standard:

IEEE 802.15

MOU

Standardization and Regulation activity

Cooperation of R&D

Collaboration

Proposal & Contribution

SARA ProjectMOU

International Conferences

-IWUWBS&UWBST 2004In Kyoto

-IWUWBT 2005 in Yokosuka

International ActivitiesDomestic Activities

MIC’s Regulation for UWB

International Regulation:

ITU-R TG1/8


75



Major Research Issues in UWB Consortium

> Ultra Hi-speed Transmission Technologies （over 100Mbps) (pulse shaping, modulation, multiple access schemes, protocol )

> Ultra Hi-accuracy Ranging and Positioning Technologies (less than 1cm accuracy)> UWB Devices Technologies in Micro and Millimeter Wave Bands> UWB Antennas Technologies in Micro and Millimeter Wave Bands> Propagation Measurement and Channel Modeling for UWB> Interference Suppression Technologies in intra- and inter-systems: coexistence with conventional systems> Measuring Methods for Type-Approval of UWB Commercial Products


76



Potential UWB Application of Micro Wave BandIEEE 802.15 ［Wireless PAN (Personal Area Network)］TG3a(Altenative PHY)– Transmission Data Speed: Over sevral 100Mb/s– Communication Range: less than 10 meters– “The 3rd generation” Bluetooth？

　　⇒Wireless PAN（Personal area network)– Wireless USB(Universal serial bus) 2.0

• Data rate: 480Mbps (USB 2.0)- DS-UWB (Motorola, NICT etc: UWB Forum) and

MB-OFDM UWB(Intel, TI etc: MBOA) are competing in standardization.

(Ref.) IEEE 802.15.1(Ref.) IEEE 802.15.1 Bluetooth Bluetooth 1 Mb/s1 Mb/s　　　　　　　　 IEEE 802.15.3 IEEE 802.15.3 WiMedea WiMedea 20 Mb/s20 Mb/s



77



Expected UWB Applications Expected UWB Applications in Millimeter Wave Bandin Millimeter Wave Band

ITS: Intelligent Transport SystemsITS: Intelligent Transport Systems– Colision avoidance radar ( in 22-29GHz and 76GHz) – Realization of both communication and ranging with a single hardware

Wireless CommunicationsWireless Communications– Ultra high speed and user capacity: over 10 Gb/s– Short and long distance communication

Satellite and InterSatellite and Inter--Satellite Communications, Ranging Satellite Communications, Ranging & Positioning& Positioning– Realization of both communication and ranging without interference


78



Standardization of Wireless PANStandardization of Wireless PAN (Personal Area Network) in(Personal Area Network) inIEEE 802.15IEEE 802.15 TG3a TG3a (Alternative PHY)(Alternative PHY)


ScheduleScheduleMarch 13-17, 2003:Dallas First round of proposal (23 Proposals)May 12-16, 2003:Dallas Second round (13 Proposals)July,20-25,2003:SanFrancisco,Down-selection started (to 6 Proposals)Sept., 2003, Singapole Draft improvementsNov., 2003, Albaquake Try to Harmonize two proposals to a single oneJan,. 2004, Vancouver Compromising two proposals with enhanced MACMarch, 2004,Orlando Common Signaling Mode(CSM) was proposedMay, 2004, Anaheim Reset to remained Two Major Proposals July, 2004, Portland NICT&Motorola Group won to be 1th majority proposal.Sept. 2004, Berlin Confirm vote for its single standard failed and reset. Nov. 2004, SanAntonio NICT&FreeScale won to be 1th majorityJan. 2005, Monterey Confirmation to be a single standard failed.March 2005, Atlanta Panel Discussion on FCC Waiver for MB-OFDMMay 2005, Carins MBOA won with 4 more votes

Major Specification of RequirementData Rate & Range: 110Mbps(over 10m),200Mbps(over 4m),480 Mbps(closer)QoS: Without ARQ, PER (Packet Error Rate) < 8%

After FEC(Forward Error Correction), BER < 10-9

Power Consumption: Less than 100 mW ( in 110 Mbps)Less than 250 mW (in 200 Mbps)

Max No, of Terminals: 256 (in a single network)Max No. of Simultaneous Networks: 4Size of Implemented RF Circuits: PC Card SizeExpected Coexisting Systems: IEEE802.11a/b, IEEE802.15.1/3/4, PHS, Cellular Phones, GPS etc.Expected Cost of RF Circuits: Equal or lower than BluetoothMAC: IEEE802.15.3


79



FrequencyFrequencyHoppingHopping

Other UserOther User

FH schemesFH schemes

Orthogonal DSOrthogonal DS--CDMACDMA--FDMAFDMAOrthogonal DS/FH schemesOrthogonal DS/FH schemes

DS schemesDS schemes

DS/FH schemesDS/FH schemesDSDS--CDMACDMA--FDMAFDMA

Orthogonal Multi Carrier FHOrthogonal Multi Carrier FH--CDMA schemesCDMA schemes

FrequencyFrequencyHoppingHopping(One User)(One User)

OrthogonalOrthogonal OrthogonalOrthogonal

ff

ff

ff

OrthogonalOrthogonal

ff

ff

ff

Spread SpectrumSpread SpectrumOther UserOther User

FrequencyFrequencyHoppingHoppingOther UserOther User(One User)(One User)

Variation of UWB Modulation for Wireless PAN Variation of UWB Modulation for Wireless PAN including DSincluding DS--UWB and MBUWB and MB--OFDMOFDM


80



http://www.uwbforum.org/


81



http://www.multibandofdm.org/


82



Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA)

Design proper pulse waveform to avoid interference to coexisting radio systems in the same band.Match its spectra with required spectral mask, even if regional spectral mask is different and changed.

mτ1

∝

0ω

NiCT-UWB Consortium’s Soft-Spectrum UWBPHY Proposal for IEEE 802.15.3aBasic Concept Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA)


83



∑=

=N

kk tftf

1

)()(

tNtBt

NBkftf Lk π

ππ )sin(])2

)21((2cos[)( ×+

+=

Basic Formulation Example of Pulse Generator

Divide (spread-and-shrink ) thewholebandwidth into several sub-bands Soft Spectrum (spectrum matching)

Pulse synthesized by several pulses which have different spectraSoft Spectrum, M-ary signaling

B:bandwidth [f H ～f L]

N division

Feasible Solution: Pulse design satisfying Spectrum

Mask

Synthesize pulse waveform

In case of multiband: Kernel function isSinusoidal


84



2.2 Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA) Classification

(1) Free-Verse Type of SSAA kernel function is non-sinusoidal, e.g.Gaussian, Hermitian pulse etc.Single band, Impulse radio (Carrier free)

(2) Geometrical Type of SSAA kernel function is sinusoidal with

different frequency.Multiband with carriers (Multi-carrier)


85



Gaussian Mono-cycle Pulse and its Spectrum

2.4GHz 5.2GHz

[GHz]Gaussian Dual-cycle Pulse and its Spectrum

K-2 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum pulse (Dual-cycle)(Note: several band notches can be designed so as to avoid

interference with W-LANs in 2.4 and 5.2GHz


86



Design proper pulse waveform in order to avoid interference to co-exiting systems such as WLAN’s at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz bands.

time frequency

2.4GHz 5.2GHz

mτ1

∝

0ω

frequencytime

Match its spectra with required spectral mask in flexible and adaptive, even if regional spectral mask is changed.

(1) Free-verse Type Soft-Spectrum AdaptationFreely design pulse waveforms by synthesizing pulses,

e.g. overlapping and shifting


87



(2) Geometrical Type Soft-Spectrum AdaptationFreely design pulse waveforms using various geometrical

type envelopes

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Triangular-type envelope Exponential-type envelope

Cosine-type envelope Gaussian-type envelope-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8


88



Time-frequency-hopping(TFH) for Soft-Spectrummulti-band UWB with geometrical-type envelopes

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Soft-Spectrum UWB multi-band signals (Cosine-type envelope)

Time (samples)

Am

plitude

f1

f3

f2

f4

Time

Frequency

Soft-Spectrum UWB Multi-Band Time-Frequency Hopping

t4t3t2t1


89



time

3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

Frequency(GHz)

Ampl

itude

(dB)

Example of band allocation in Soft-Spectrum multi-band Approach

3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

Frequency(GHz)

Ampl

itude

(dB)

Example of band allocation in Soft-Spectrum multi-band Approach

Adaptive, controllable spread-and-shrink of frequency bandwidths is feasible, according to the actual interference environment and the spectrum requirements

Soft-Spectrum adaptation philosophy as mentioned before


90



(3) Optimized Pulse Shaping for SSA

•• Mutually orthogonalMutually orthogonal– Available to

Pulse shape multiple accessPulse shape modulation

•• Available notchesAvailable notches– In order to reduce narrowband

interferences

•• NonNon--spiky in both time and spiky in both time and frequency domainfrequency domain

Low peak

Time [nsec] Frequency [GHz]

Optimized pulse shapesOptimized pulse shapes

Ex.: Modified Hermitian PulsedSinusoidal Wavelets

Ex.: Modified Hermitian PulsedSinusoidal Wavelets

notches

Pulse width and center frequency Pulse width and center frequency is adaptively changeable.is adaptively changeable.

FreeFree--verse Type + Geometrical Typeverse Type + Geometrical Type(Envelope) (Pulsed Sine)(Envelope) (Pulsed Sine)


91



Japanese Spectral Allocation of Coexisting Systems Japanese Spectral Allocation of Coexisting Systems in 3.1in 3.1～～10.6GHz 10.6GHz (no blank frequency slot)


92



0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

SSA-UWB optimized pulse wavelet generation

Time (samples)

Rel

ativ

e am

plitu

de

0 50 100 150 200 250 300-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

-0Spectrum characteristics of SSA-UWB optimal pulse wavelet

Frequency (samples)

Rel

ativ

e am

plitu

de (d

B)

Modified SSA-UWB pulse wavelet with adaptive spectral notches achieving coexistence, flexibility

and efficient power transmission


93



Harmonization Based on Soft-Spectrum Adaptation

Soft-Spectrum

Adaptation(SSA)

Soft-Spectrum

Adaptation(SSA)

Geo-metrical

Free-verse

Kernel functions

SSA type

Sinusoidal

Multibandwith carrier

Multi-carrier TITI

Intel, WisairIntel, Wisair

GA, PhilipsGA, Philips

TF Hopping

TF Coding

NiCT & UWB Consortium

NiCT & UWB Consortium

Dual-bandMotorola,

Freescale(XSI)Motorola,

Freescale(XSI)

Modulatedmodified Hermitian

Single-band

XSI Wavelet

MB

-OFD

MM

B-O

FDM

Global Global standardstandard

Gaussian

Adaptive

ST MicroelectronicsST Microelectronics

MitsubishiMitsubishi

OFDM

DS-

UW

BD

S-U

WB


94



Summary of Soft-Spectrum AdaptationGGｌｏｂａｌ　ｌｏｂａｌ　Regulatory SatisfactionRegulatory Satisfaction: Soft: Soft--Spectrum Spectrum adaptation(adaptation(SSASSA)) can satisfy the FCC Spectrum Mask and any Mask adaptively.

Interference AvoidanceInterference Avoidance: : SSASSA can be applied to avoid possible interferences with other existing　narrowband wireless systems.

Global Global HamonizationHamonization: : SSASSA is good for harmonization among different UWB systems because SSA includes various proposed UWB systems as its special cases.

Future VersionFuture Version--upup: : SSASSA is so scalable as to accept future UWB systems with better performance like Software Defined Radio(SDR）.


95



NICT’s Implementation of UWB Transceiver CMOS-MMIC for WPAN in Microwave Band

(Feb.2004)

Geometrical-type SSA-UWB(MB-OFDM) transceiver module

Free-verse-type SSA-UWB(Impulse Radio) transceiver module

・0.18-micron CMOS-MMIC ・Disize：　３mm2

・Max TX rate: 320Mb/s


96



NiCT NiCT developed SLOT BOWdeveloped SLOT BOW--TIETIEUWB AntennaUWB Antenna

(1) (1) Small and thin FRSmall and thin FR--4 substrate4 substrate(2) Frequency coverage(2) Frequency coverage：： 3.8 3.8 --10.6 GHz10.6 GHz(3) VSWR = 2.8(3) VSWR = 2.8(4) Return loss (4) Return loss ≈≈ --6.5 dB6.5 dB(5) Gain (5) Gain ≈≈ 2.2 2.2 -- 4.7 4.7 dBidBi

IEEE802.15.3a meeting, Nov. 2003, IEEE802.15.3a meeting, Nov. 2003, AlbaquaqueAlbaquaque

IEEE802.12.3a meeting, Jan. 2004IEEE802.12.3a meeting, Jan. 2004BanquverBanquver　(1) Size：　44 × 20.5 × 0.5 mm

(2) Substrate: Teflone (εr = 2.2 , tanθ = 0.0009)

(3) Patch: Copper (18 um)

(4) Feed: Microstrip Line 50 Ω


97



Characteristics ofCharacteristics of NiCTNiCT developed SLOT BOWdeveloped SLOT BOW--TIETIEUWB AntennaUWB Antenna

VSWR< 3 (3.8 to 10.6GHz)Frequency GHz

Mag

nitu

de o

f V

SW

R

VSWR

Mag

nitu

de o

f Sca

tterin

g M

atrix

(d

B)

S11

Frequency GHzS11< -6 dB (3.8 to 10.6GHz)GAIN

Frequency (GHz)Gain > 2 dBi (3 to 10.6GHz)

Mag

nitu

de o

f Gai

n (d

Bi)


98



Trend on UWBTrend on UWB--based Sensor Networkbased Sensor Network(IEEE802.15.4a)(IEEE802.15.4a)

Low Rate Sensor NetworkLow Rate Sensor NetworkStudy Group 4a was established July 2003Study Group 4a was established July 2003Technical Requirements for 15.4aTechnical Requirements for 15.4a

•• Low costLow cost•• Low data rate (>250kbps)Low data rate (>250kbps)•• Low complexityLow complexity•• Low power consumptionLow power consumption

–– Additional requirementsAdditional requirements（（different from different from 15.415.4））

•• MobilityMobility（（over 11mph)over 11mph)•• Accurate PositioningAccurate Positioning（（<30cm<30cm））

•• Robustness against interferenceRobustness against interference•• Long distance Long distance

Call for ApplicationsCall for Applications–– 19 responses19 responses–– Proposals based on UWB transmissionProposals based on UWB transmission

What is the optimal What is the optimal modulation scheme for modulation scheme for IEEE802.15.4a?IEEE802.15.4a?

Hi Accuracy Positioning:Hi Accuracy Positioning:WidebandWidebandLow Cost: Low Cost: Simple ModulationSimple ModulationLow Power Consumption: Low Power Consumption: less less processing complexityprocessing complexity　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Pulsed DS Pulsed DS UWBUWB has has been chosen as a single standard been chosen as a single standard of IEEE802.15.4a.of IEEE802.15.4a.


99



Baseline Agreement of IEEE802.15.4a Baseline Agreement of IEEE802.15.4a in March 2005in March 2005

Points of Agreement for UWB Points of Agreement for UWB signallingsignalling–– Modulation schemeModulation scheme should admit multiple classes of receiversshould admit multiple classes of receivers

•• Transmitter based on deterministic Transmitter based on deterministic pulse structurespulse structures•• Should allow reception by Should allow reception by coherent, differentiallycoherent, differentially--coherent (can be TR) and coherent (can be TR) and

nonnon--coherent receiverscoherent receivers•• Provision for homogeneous operation when membership supports itProvision for homogeneous operation when membership supports it

–– Ternary modulationTernary modulation•• Specific modulation format TBD Specific modulation format TBD

–– SubSub--banding:(banding:(3.13.1--10.6GHz10.6GHz))•• Center of three bands is mandatory(Center of three bands is mandatory(500MHz bandwidth500MHz bandwidth))•• Other two optionalOther two optional•• Wider bandwidth (Wider bandwidth (1.5 GHz+1.5 GHz+) concentric with center band is optional) concentric with center band is optional•• CDMA within frequency bandsCDMA within frequency bands

–– Harmonic chip rateHarmonic chip rate –– integer relationship between center frequency and chip rate integer relationship between center frequency and chip rate •• Consider ways to avoid Japanese UNII band (shift band lower)Consider ways to avoid Japanese UNII band (shift band lower)

•• IntegerInteger--plusplus--half is also proposed, some concerns with DC balancehalf is also proposed, some concerns with DC balance•• Maintain 3.1 cornerMaintain 3.1 corner

•• Constant PRF is desired as possibleConstant PRF is desired as possible–– Specific band planSpecific band plan -- TBDTBD–– Cost effective reference frequencyCost effective reference frequency with appropriate PPM with appropriate PPM

•• Specific frequency and tolerance is TBDSpecific frequency and tolerance is TBD–– Potential for Potential for optional chirp modeoptional chirp mode (at best, if and where allowed)(at best, if and where allowed)


100



Specified Issues and Optional Issues in Baseline Specified Issues and Optional Issues in Baseline Agreement of IEEE802.15.4a, March 2005Agreement of IEEE802.15.4a, March 2005

As noted on previous slideAs noted on previous slideMandatoryMandatory–– ~~500 center band500 center band

•• AM of 3.1AM of 3.1--4.9 is 3.9754.9 is 3.975•• GM of 3.1GM of 3.1--4.9 is 3.8774.9 is 3.877•• Center band frequency is TBD, but must be in [3.85 to 4.05]Center band frequency is TBD, but must be in [3.85 to 4.05]

OptionalOptional–– 2 additional 500 MHz bands for FDM 2 additional 500 MHz bands for FDM –– center frequencies TBDcenter frequencies TBD–– Wideband concentric with center specified aboveWideband concentric with center specified above–– SubSub--GHz bandGHz band–– Chirp Chirp of some form (could be of some form (could be 2.4 GHz band2.4 GHz band –– Merger E)Merger E)–– Chaotic waveform and SOP mechanisms for homogeneous (chaosChaotic waveform and SOP mechanisms for homogeneous (chaos--only) only)

networksnetworks–– Add Add THTH as additional SOP mechanismas additional SOP mechanism–– Add Add chirp chirp specifically for UWB as SOP mechanismspecifically for UWB as SOP mechanism–– Add specific optional band > 6 GHz with guaranteed >1.5GHz BWAdd specific optional band > 6 GHz with guaranteed >1.5GHz BW–– Support mode for higher data rates (few to 10 Mbps)Support mode for higher data rates (few to 10 Mbps)

Other issuesOther issues–– Desire to have Desire to have common packet for communications and rangingcommon packet for communications and ranging if possibleif possible–– Multiple (2Multiple (2--few) PRF in bandfew) PRF in band


101



Additional Issues in Chirp Signaling in Additional Issues in Chirp Signaling in 2.4GHz band in the Baseline Agreement2.4GHz band in the Baseline Agreement

UWB UWB signallingsignalling is one of the two valid modes for is one of the two valid modes for communicationcommunication2.4 GHz chirp is a valid mode for communication only2.4 GHz chirp is a valid mode for communication onlyRanging shall not be supported for 2.4 GHz chirping, and shall Ranging shall not be supported for 2.4 GHz chirping, and shall be supported for UWB be supported for UWB signallingsignallingUWB is valid for both communications and rangingUWB is valid for both communications and ranging


102



UWB Channel Model in 2UWB Channel Model in 2--10GHz band10GHz band　（　（Average power decay profileAverage power decay profile））

ResidentialOfficeOutdoorIndustrialAv

erag

e po

wer

[dB]

Time [nsec]0 50 100 150 200

-30

-20

-10

0

NLOS

ResidentialOfficeOutdoorIndustrial

Aver

age

pow

er [d

B]

Time [nsec]0 50 100 150 200

-30

-20

-10

0

LOS

Industrial, Indoor residential, Indoor office, and Outdoor

Agricultural areas / Farms

Farm

Aver

age

pow

er [d

B]

Time [nsec]0 50 100 150 200

-30

-20

-10

0

Channel Propagation Models Channel Propagation Models in IEEE802.15.4ain IEEE802.15.4a

3 3 Signaling Schemes are assumedSignaling Schemes are assumed––UWB Scheme in 2UWB Scheme in 2--10GHz band10GHz band––UWB Scheme in VHF and UHF bandsUWB Scheme in VHF and UHF bands––Narrow band schemes (ISM bands such as 2.4GHz band )Narrow band schemes (ISM bands such as 2.4GHz band )

The following models for UWB schemes in 2The following models for UWB schemes in 2--10GHz band10GHz band––Industrial environments (LOS/NLOS)Industrial environments (LOS/NLOS)––Indoor residential (LOS/NLOS)Indoor residential (LOS/NLOS)––Indoor office (LOS/NLOS)Indoor office (LOS/NLOS)––Outdoor (LOS/NLOS)Outdoor (LOS/NLOS)––Agricultural areas/FarmsAgricultural areas/Farms––BodyBody--worn devicesworn devices

The model for UWB scheme in VHF and UHF bandsThe model for UWB scheme in VHF and UHF bands––LOS/NLOSLOS/NLOS

No restriction for No restriction for Naroow Naroow band schemesband schemes


103



7 7 Groups based on 26 Proposals for Groups based on 26 Proposals for IEEE802.15.4a in January 2005IEEE802.15.4a in January 2005


104



NiCTNiCT Proposal:Proposal:DSDS--UWB with an Optional CSUWB with an Optional CS--UWB for LowUWB for Low--

Rate Wireless Personal Area NetworksRate Wireless Personal Area NetworksAdvantages of using direct sequence UWB (DS-UWB)

and chirp signaling UWB (CS-UWB)

High frequency efficiencyHigh frequency efficiencyUniform use of frequency within the bandUniform use of frequency within the band

High robustness against noise andHigh robustness against noise and multipathmultipathCorrelated processingCorrelated processing

High compatibility with other existing systemsHigh compatibility with other existing systemsLow interference levelLow interference level

High feasibility for SOPHigh feasibility for SOPUse DS codes, chirp slops/patternsUse DS codes, chirp slops/patterns


105



DSDS--UWB with an Optional CSUWB with an Optional CS--UWB UWB for for IEEE802.15.4aIEEE802.15.4a

GAGABPSKBPSK SpreadingSpreading

Transmitter

PulseshapingPulse

shaping

Local oscillator

Local oscillator

LPFLPF

LPFLPF

GAGA

GAGA

1 or 2-bit ADC

1 or 2-bit ADC

1 or 2-bitADC

1 or 2-bitADC

Sync.Sync.Local

oscillatorLocal

oscillator

Decision/

FEC decoder

Decision/

FEC decoder

I

Q

CHIRPCHIRP

De-CHIRP

De-CHIRP

Additional circuits to DS-UWB as an option

(24,12)-Golayencoder


Pre-SelectFilter

LNALNA

Receiver


106



Waveforms With/Without ChirpWaveforms With/Without Chirpof DSof DS--UWB with an Optional CSUWB with an Optional CS--UWB UWB


(24,12)-Golayencoder BPSKBPSK CHIRPCHIRPPulse

shapingPulse

shaping GAGA

Local oscillator

Local oscillator

SpreadingSpreading

time

time

linear-chirp linear-chirp linear-chirp linear-chirp linear-chirp

Gaussianpulse

Gaussianpulse

Gaussianpulse

Gaussianpulse

Gaussianpulse


107



107


DSDS--UWBUWB Link Budget (500MHz)Link Budget (500MHz)

7.637.63

131.072131.072

6464

2.6492.649

20482048

10241024

ValueValue

==RsRs*Ns (MHz)*Ns (MHz)2.0482.048Chip rate (Chip rate (RcRc))

=1/=1/RcRc ((nsecnsec))488.3488.3Chip durationChip duration

Coherent detectionCoherent detectionBPSKBPSKModulationModulation

(24,12)(24,12)--Extended Extended GolayGolay HardHard--decision decision decodingdecoding

1/21/2Coding rate (R)Coding rate (R)

RsRs==RbRb/R /R ((ksymbolksymbol/s)/s)22Raw Symbol rate Raw Symbol rate

((RsRs))

Spreading code Spreading code length (Ns)length (Ns)

Pulse duration (Pulse duration (TpTp))

Data rate (Data rate (RbRb))

ParameterParameter

10241024

(ns)(ns)2.6492.649

(kbps)(kbps)11

NotesNotesValueValue

dBmdBm--97.6597.65--127.75 127.75 Min. Rx Sensitivity LevelMin. Rx Sensitivity Level

dBdB16.07 16.07 36.63 36.63 Link MarginLink Margin

dBdB3.00 3.00 Implementation loss (I)Implementation loss (I)

dBdB6.25 6.25 Minimum requiredMinimum required EbEb/N0 (S)/N0 (S)

dBmdBm--106.90106.90--137.00 137.00 Average noise power per bit (Average noise power per bit (PnPn))

dBdB7.00 7.00 Rx Noise figure (Rx Noise figure (NfNf))

dBmdBm--114.00 114.00 --144.00 144.00 Average noise power per bit (N)Average noise power per bit (N)

dBmdBm--81.58 81.58 --91.12 91.12 Rx power (Pr)Rx power (Pr)

dBidBi00Rx antenna gain (Rx antenna gain (GrGr))

dBdB20.00 20.00 29.54 29.54 Path loss @ d m (Ld)Path loss @ d m (Ld)

dBdB44.68 44.68 Path loss @ 1m (L1)Path loss @ 1m (L1)

GHzGHz4.09 4.09 Geometric center frequency (Geometric center frequency (fcfc))

GHzGHz3.85 3.85 -- 4.354.35Frequency bandFrequency band

dBidBi00TxTx antenna gain (antenna gain (GtGt))

dBmdBm--16.916.9Average Average TxTx power (Pt)power (Pt)

kbpskbps1024102411Peak payload bit rate (Peak payload bit rate (RbRb))

mm10103030Distance (d)Distance (d)

UnitUnitValueValueValueValueParameterParameter


108



108


CSCS--UWBUWB Link Budget (500MHz)Link Budget (500MHz)

122.1122.1

8.1928.192

44

20482048

10241024

ValueValue

==RsRs*Ns (MHz)*Ns (MHz)2.0482.048Chip rate (Chip rate (RcRc))

=1/=1/RcRc ((nsecnsec))488.3488.3Chip durationChip duration

Coherent Coherent detectiondetectionBPSKBPSKModulationModulation

(24,12)(24,12)--Extended Extended GolayGolay HardHard--decision decodingdecision decoding

1/21/2Coding rate (R)Coding rate (R)

RsRs==RbRb/R /R ((ksymbolksymbol/s)/s)22Raw Symbol rate Raw Symbol rate

((RsRs))

Spreading code Spreading code length (Ns)length (Ns)

Chirp signal Chirp signal duration (duration (TcTc))

Data rate (Data rate (RbRb))

ParameterParameter

10241024

(ns)(ns)2525

(kbps)(kbps)11

NotesNotesValueValue

dBmdBm--97.1597.15--127.25 127.25 Min. Rx Sensitivity LevelMin. Rx Sensitivity Level

dBdB17.09 17.09 37.65 37.65 Link MarginLink Margin

dBdB3.503.50Implementation loss (I)Implementation loss (I)

dBdB6.25 6.25 Minimum requiredMinimum required EbEb/N0 (S)/N0 (S)

dBmdBm--106.90106.90--137.00 137.00 Average noise power per bit (Average noise power per bit (PnPn))

dBdB7.00 7.00 Rx Noise figure (Rx Noise figure (NfNf))

dBmdBm--114.0 114.0 --144.00 144.00 Average noise power per bit (N)Average noise power per bit (N)

dBmdBm--80.06 80.06 --89.60 89.60 Rx power (Pr)Rx power (Pr)

dBidBi00Rx antenna gain (Rx antenna gain (GrGr))

dBdB20.00 20.00 29.54 29.54 Path loss @ d m (Ld)Path loss @ d m (Ld)

dBdB44.68 44.68 Path loss @ 1m (L1)Path loss @ 1m (L1)

GHzGHz4.09 4.09 Geometric center frequency (Geometric center frequency (fcfc))

GHzGHz3.85 3.85 –– 4.354.35Frequency bandFrequency band

dBidBi00TxTx antenna gain (antenna gain (GtGt))

dBmdBm--15.3815.38Average Average TxTx power (Pt)power (Pt)

kbpskbps1024102411Peak payload bit rate (Peak payload bit rate (RbRb))

mm10103030Distance (d)Distance (d)

UnitUnitValueValueValueValueParameterParameter

The items given in red charactershave different values from those of DS


109



109


SOP with DS Codes or Chirp patternsSOP with DS Codes or Chirp patterns16 chips

DS

Cod

es

Time

Code 1

Code 2

Code 3

Code 4

SOP with chirp patterns.

Freq

uenc

y

Time

Subband 1

Subband 2

Subband 3

SOP with DS codes.


110



110


SOP Performance ExamplesSOP Performance Examples

interference #1

interference #2interference #3

CoordinatedPcPi

Pi Pi

(a) Simulation setting.

100

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

Eb/N0= 6dBEb/N0=10dBEb/N0=15dB

DS CS

Pc/Pi (dB)

BER

(b) Simulation results.


111



111


Single Link Performance (AWGN)Single Link Performance (AWGN)

1.0

10-1

10-2

10-3

2 3 4 5 6 7 8Eb/N0 [dB]

PER

CS-UWB BW=2GHzDS-UWB BW=2GHzCS-UWB BW=500MHzDS-UWB BW=500MHz

One Packet includes 32 bytes.


112



112


Performance With 15.4a ChannelsPerformance With 15.4a Channels

DS-UWB– Data rate: 1kbps (nominal)– Modulation: BPSK– Pulse shape: Gaussian monocycle– Spreading code: 1024 chips– ADC: 1Gs and 1bit– Channel models

– CM1: Indoor residential LOS– CM5: Outdoor LOS– CM8: Industrial environments

NLOSAver

age

PER CM8

CM5 CM1

Distance [m]

BW=2GHz

BW=500MHz

20 30 40 50 60 7010-3

10-2

10-1

Aver

age

P ER

CM8 CM5

CM1

Distance [m]20 30 40 50 60 7010-3

10-2

10-1


113



113


Interference Models for Interference Models for CoexisitenceCoexisitence

IEEE802.11aIEEE802.11aCenter frequency: 5.18 GHzCenter frequency: 5.18 GHzEmission power: 15 Emission power: 15 dBmdBmAntenna gain: 0 Antenna gain: 0 dBidBi

MBMB--OFDMOFDMFrequency band: Group 1, lower three bandsFrequency band: Group 1, lower three bandsEmission power: Emission power: --41.3dBm*528MHz*Duty cycle41.3dBm*528MHz*Duty cycleAntenna gain: 0 Antenna gain: 0 dBidBi


114



114


Interference EvaluationInterference Evaluation

UWB: Propagation distance = 1m.Data rate = 2 Mbps, FEC off.

Interference models Tolerable distance to achieve PER<1%

IEEE802.11aEb/N0 = inf. 0.52 m

BW = 2GHzEb/N0 = 10 dB 0.80 m

MB-OFDMEb/N0 = inf. 0.012

BW = 2GHzEb/N0 = 10 dB 0.022Eb/N0 = inf. 0.104

BW = 500MHzEb/N0 = 10 dB 0.115

BW = 2 GHz, fc = 4.1 GHz.BW = 500 MHz, fc = 3.35 GHz.

The minimum criteria requires a 1m separation.


115



Successful Unification for IEEE802.15.4a based on Successful Unification for IEEE802.15.4a based on NICT ProposalNICT Proposal

Comparison between Comparison between NICTNICT’’s s and Unified Proposalsand Unified Proposals

Chirp in ISMChirp in ISM（（2.4GHz2.4GHz）） band band is standardis standard

Mandatory lower Mandatory lower than than 10Mbps10Mbps

UWB band: UWB band: BW=BW=500MHz & 500MHz & more in more in 3.85 ~ 3.85 ~ 4.05GHz4.05GHzBW=1.5GHz & BW=1.5GHz & more in > 6GHzmore in > 6GHz

Mandatory:Mandatory:DSDS--UWBUWB（（Coherent, Coherent, Defferential Defferential NonNon--CoherentCoherent））Option: Option: CSCS--UWB UWB and othersand others

Unified Unified ProposalProposal

Chirp in ISMChirp in ISM（（2.4GHz2.4GHz）） band band is optionis option

Support Higher Support Higher than 10Mbpsthan 10Mbps

UWB band: UWB band: BW=BW=500MHz & 500MHz & 2GHz,2GHz, variable variable center frequencycenter frequency

Mandatory:Mandatory:DSDS--UWBUWBOption: Option: CSCS--UWBUWB(Chirp Signaling)(Chirp Signaling)

NICTNICTProposalProposal

　　　　othersothers　　Data RateData RateBand Plan andBand Plan andBandwidth(BW)Bandwidth(BW)　　　　UWB SchemeUWB Scheme


116



Expected UWB Applications in Expected UWB Applications in Millimeter Wave BandMillimeter Wave Band

ITS: Intelligent Transport SystemsITS: Intelligent Transport Systems–– Colision avoidance radarColision avoidance radar ( in 22( in 22--29GHz and 76GHz) 29GHz and 76GHz) –– Realization of both communication and rangingRealization of both communication and ranging with a single hardwarewith a single hardware

Wireless CommunicationsWireless Communications–– Ultra high speed and user capacityUltra high speed and user capacity: : over 10 Gb/sover 10 Gb/s–– Short and long distanceShort and long distance communicationcommunication

Satellite and InterSatellite and Inter--Satellite Communications, Ranging & Satellite Communications, Ranging & PositioningPositioning–– Realization of both communication and rangingRealization of both communication and ranging without interferencewithout interference


117



Type A

Type B


118



UWB RadarUWB RadarConventional RadarConventional Radar：：Low ResolutionLow Resolution（（some 10cmsome 10cm～～ some some ｍ）ｍ）

SS(Spread Spectrum)RadarSS(Spread Spectrum)Radar

　　　　　　

Advanced RadarAdvanced Radar：：High ResolutionHigh Resolution（（some some ｍｍ～ｍｍ～somesomeｃｍ）ｃｍ）ＵＷＢＵＷＢ RadarRadar

　　　　　　


119



5.8GHz:5.8GHz:•• Integration of Integration of large antenna sizeslarge antenna sizes into vehicle bumpers is not feasibleinto vehicle bumpers is not feasible•• Fractional BW for high resolution not achievable with AM (e.g. 5Fractional BW for high resolution not achievable with AM (e.g. 50%)0%)24GHz:24GHz:•• Integration of Integration of moderate antenna sizesmoderate antenna sizes into vehicle bumpers is feasibleinto vehicle bumpers is feasible•• Acceptable attenuation of µWave propagationAcceptable attenuation of µWave propagation trough bumper materialtrough bumper material•• Fractional BW for high resolution achievable with AM (e.g. 12.5%Fractional BW for high resolution achievable with AM (e.g. 12.5%))•• Availability of offAvailability of off--thethe--shelf components, mature production processesshelf components, mature production processes•• Economical hybrid design on softboard possible without MMIC‘sEconomical hybrid design on softboard possible without MMIC‘s61GHz / 77GHz:61GHz / 77GHz:•• Unacceptable attenuation of µWave propagation trough bumper mateUnacceptable attenuation of µWave propagation trough bumper materialrial•• no discrete packaged components availableno discrete packaged components available•• no priceworthy hybrid design, but MMIC‘sno priceworthy hybrid design, but MMIC‘s==> RTTT concepts uses different bands for various applications ==> RTTT concepts uses different bands for various applications 5.8GHz: Communication near range5.8GHz: Communication near range24GHz: Near Range Radar with moderate antenna 24GHz: Near Range Radar with moderate antenna focussingfocussing61GHz: Communication/Telematics mid range61GHz: Communication/Telematics mid range77GHz: Mid Range Radar with high antenna focussing like ACC77GHz: Mid Range Radar with high antenna focussing like ACC

Applicable Bands for Vehicular RadarApplicable Bands for Vehicular Radar


120



Spectral Mask in Qusi-Millimeter Band(22-29GHz)

[GHz]Frequency

Rad

iation

le

vel

-41.3

-61.3

-75.3

-51.3

Peak E.I.R.P. power (FCC)（0dBm/50MHz）

0.96 1.61 22 29 31

Wireless Subscriber Communication

22.4

-22

.98

23.6

-24 24

.77-

25.2

3

25.2

7-26

.98

27.0

2-27

.46

Low Power Data Trasmission System

Prohibited Band S5.340)

31.3

-31

.5

15.3

5-15

.4

10.6

8-10

.72.69

-2.

7

1.4-

1.42

7

24.0

5-24

.25

(Moving-object detection sensor)

Average E.I.R.P. power (FCC)

[dB

m/M

Hz]


121



RF Frequency 26.3 GHz

Transmission power 1.26 mW（Peak）

Modulation scheme Pulse(ASK) Pulse-width 1 nsecPulse-repetition period 300 nsec

Occupied band-width > 2 GHz

Preciseness of measurement < 30 cm

Max. detection distance 10 m @bore-sightUpdate period of output data 40 msec

Total NF 10 dB

Antenna gain 15 dBi　Beam-width > 40 deg. (Horizontal)　　　　 > 10 deg. (Vertical)

Monolithic module including PA, mixer…all RF

partsGaAs MMIC

NICTNICT’’ss Implementation of 26 GHz UWB Impulse Implementation of 26 GHz UWB Impulse Radar SystemRadar System


122



3D Positionor

MesearmentEquipment

可動壁

UWB Sensor Node

MeasurementAntenna

UWB Sensor Node

Variable Wall

GeolocatrionEquipment

Ubiquitous UWB Sensor Network Test RoomUbiquitous UWB Sensor Network Test Room


123



　> Four working groups were set up to investigate compatibility between UWB and other radio communication systems in Nov. 2002:

Group 1: the Compatibility Model Working Group, Group 2: the Fixed-Broadcasting systems Working Group, Group 3: the Radar-Aviation and Maritime systems Working Group, Group 4: the Satellite-Low Power systems Working Group

　> Comments were invited on the Draft Interim Report22 submissions received in the period 2 – 27 February 2004

3.1 UWB Radio Systems Regulatory Committeein MPHPT Telecommunications Council


124



Impulse Radio type

-80

-75

-70

-65

-60

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Frequency [GHz]

Pow

er [

dBm

/MH

z]

Low-Band

High-Band

Full-Band

-80

-75

-70

-65

-60

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Frequency [GHz]

Pow

er [

dBm

/MH

z]

Low-Band

High-Band

Full-Band

f3432MHz

3960MHz

4488MHz

5016MHz

5808MHz

6336MHz

6864MHz

7392MHz

7920MHz

8448MHz

8976MHz

9504MHz

10032MHz

Band#1

Band#2

Band#3

Band#4

Band#5

Band#6

Band#7

Band#8

Band#9

Band#10

Band#11

Band#12

Band#13

GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C GROUP D1stgeneration Reserved ReservedFuture

f3432MHz

3960MHz

4488MHz

5016MHz

5808MHz

6336MHz

6864MHz

7392MHz

7920MHz

8448MHz

8976MHz

9504MHz

10032MHz

Band#1

Band#2

Band#3

Band#4

Band#5

Band#6

Band#7

Band#8

Band#9

Band#10

Band#11

Band#12

Band#13

GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C GROUP D1stgeneration Reserved ReservedFuture

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50

GHz

dB

Low-Band High-Band

fc=4.104GHz fc=8.208GHz3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50

GHz

dB

Low-Band High-Band

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50

GHz

dB

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50

GHz

dB

Low-Band High-

Band

fc=4.104GHz fc=8.208GHz

DS-UWB typeMB-OFDM type

3.1 10.6

Proposal 2 (dotted line)

FCCoutdoor

Part 15

Standards for Extreme Low Power Stations in Japan applied to portion of spectrum outside the range 3.1 – 10.6 GHz

＜ Proposal 2＞＜Proposal 1＞

Proposed Compatibility Models and Spectral Mask>　Different types of UWB radio systems under consideration

>　 Proposals for emission power spectral mask

Based on FCC Outdoor specifications

3.1 10.61.9

0.96

1.61

FCCoutdoor

Proposal 1(dotted line)

Part 15


125



1. Starting: ITU-R established Task Group 1/8 in the meeting of SG1 in July 2002.Assigned Questions are > Q.226（Spectrum management framework related to the introduction of ultra-wideband (UWB) devices） and > Q.227（Compatibility between ultra-wideband (UWB) devices and radiocommunication services）.

2. Working Plan:Meetings are planned 4 times from 2003 to 04.General Chairman:Mr. Salim Hanna (Canada).

WP 1： UWB characteristics ：Chair: William Gamble (USA)WP 2： UWB compatibility ：Chair: Yves Ollivier (France).WP 3： UWB spectrum management framework： Chair: Christoph Wöste (Germany)WP4： UWB measurement techniques ：Chair: Tetsuya Yasui( NiCT, Japan)

ITU-R TG1/8 for UWB Global Regulation


126



Date and place: Geneva from 21-24 January 2003Attendees:　85 delegatesrepresenting 17 Administrations,

18 Sector Members including NICT,Input documents:　44 input documentsOutput (Temporary) documents:　23 temporary documents

ITU-R TG1/8: Summery of 1st meeting

ITU-R TG1/8: Summery of 2nd meetingDate and place:　Geneva from 27-31 October 2003Attendees:　118 delegatesrepresenting: 26 Administrations

18 Sector Members including NICTInput documents: 57 input documentsOutput (Temporary) documents: 37 temporary documents


127



Japanese Contributions on Measurements of Japanese Contributions on Measurements of UWB Signals for ITU TG1/8UWB Signals for ITU TG1/8

CONSIDERATION OF CONSIDERATION OF MEASURMENT OF UWB FH MEASURMENT OF UWB FH SYSTEMSYSTEM

ITU Document 1-8/50-E

CONCONCERNINGCERNING TIME DOMAIN MEASUREMENTSTIME DOMAIN MEASUREMENTS BY BY USINGUSING OSCILLOSCOPESOSCILLOSCOPES


CONCERNING CONCERNING EMISSION MASK MEASUREMENTS EMISSION MASK MEASUREMENTS USING A SPECTRUM ANALYZERUSING A SPECTRUM ANALYZER FOR UWB FOR UWB EQUIPMENT WITH AN INTERNAL ANTENNA EQUIPMENT WITH AN INTERNAL ANTENNA CONNECTORCONNECTOR


CONCERNINGCONCERNING PEAK POWER MEASUREMENT BY PEAK POWER MEASUREMENT BY USING A SPECTRUM ANALYZERUSING A SPECTRUM ANALYZER


CONCERNING CONCERNING METHOD OF PEAK POWER METHOD OF PEAK POWER MEASUREMENTSMEASUREMENTS


CCONCERING LIMITAION AND EXTENSION OF ONCERING LIMITAION AND EXTENSION OF FREQUENCY DOMAIN FREQUENCY DOMAIN MEASUREMENTS USING MEASUREMENTS USING CONVENTIONAL SPECTRUM ANALYZERCONVENTIONAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER


CONCERNING CONCERNING RADIATED MEASUREMENTS IN RADIATED MEASUREMENTS IN REVERBERATION CHAMBERREVERBERATION CHAMBER



128



Date and place: Boston, USA , June 2004 Draft contributions from NiCT in Japan:

1 doc for Characteristics (WG1)7 docs for Measurement (WG4)

7 participants from NiCT and UWB consortium

ITU-R TG1/8: NiCT work for 3rd meeting

ITU-R TG1/8: NiCT Work for 4th meetingDate and place: Geneve, Switzerland, Nov.1-7 2004 Draft contributions from NiCT in Japan:

1 doc for Characteristics (WG1)7 docs for Measurement (WG4)



129



Date and place: San Diego, USA , May 18-27 2005 Draft contributions from NiCT in Japan:

2 doc for Characteristics (WG1)2 doc for Coexisitence (WG2)1 docs for Measurement (WG4)


Final meeting will be held October 13-19 in GeneveAnd SG1 will be held Oct. 24-25. >NiCT contribute the activities of ITU-R TG1/8 positively.>NiCT aims that UWB can be introduced to the users soon 　under the harmonization in the world.>NiCT seeks best way from the point of users’ view.

ITU-R TG1/8: NiCT work for 5th meeting

ITU-R TG1/8: future meeting schedule


130



Anticipation of UWB EvolutionAnticipation of UWB Evolution　　UWB is widely applicable practical physical layer technology.UWB is widely applicable practical physical layer technology.

(1) (1) Within a few years, wireless PAN and sensor network Within a few years, wireless PAN and sensor network based on UWB must be started servicing for the time to based on UWB must be started servicing for the time to market.market.(2)(2) More successive UWB products will bring us moreMore successive UWB products will bring us more

business opportunities in wireless CE, PC, Handset, ITS etc.business opportunities in wireless CE, PC, Handset, ITS etc.　　UWB brings various new research subjects in academic UWB brings various new research subjects in academic

works.works.(1) From (1) From Information Theoretical aspect, Information Theoretical aspect, capacity analysiscapacity analysis, , channel coding in space, time, and frequency domains(2) RF circuit and antenna for UWB need new design rule.RF circuit and antenna for UWB need new design rule.

Regulatory key issues for commercial UWB systems;(1) Compatibility: Avoidance of Interference to co-existing

systems should be ensured for radio regulation first.(2) Harmonization among different standards and regulations


131



http://www1.ilcc.com/uwbst_iwuwbs2004/index.htm


132



http://www.icu2005.ee.ethz.ch/


133



http://www2.nict.go.jp/mt/b189/IWUWBT2005/


134



New Book Release on this May by John Wiley&Sons:Ultra Wideband Signals and Systems in Communication Engineering by Ghavami, Michael, and Kohno


135



Concluding RemarkConcluding RemarkSDR SDR and and UWBUWB are the most promised technologies for future are the most promised technologies for future wireless communication networks andwireless communication networks and create new applications, create new applications, e.g. ITS, medical care etce.g. ITS, medical care etc..Software Software reconfigurabilityreconfigurability(SDR, E2R) in multiple layers can (SDR, E2R) in multiple layers can improve improve adad--hoc wireless networkshoc wireless networks(WLAN, WPAN etc)(WLAN, WPAN etc) as well as well asas infrastructure wireless networksinfrastructure wireless networks(UMTS, 4G)(UMTS, 4G) in terms of in terms of ubiquitous connectivity, network transparency, and adaptive ubiquitous connectivity, network transparency, and adaptive resource managementsresource managements..UWB technologyUWB technology makes makes speed and capacityspeed and capacity of of adad--hoc wireless hoc wireless networksnetworks ultra higher, and ultra higher, and ranging and positioning resolutionranging and positioning resolution of of sensor networkssensor networks ultra higher.ultra higher.However, many unsolved problems have still remained in SDR However, many unsolved problems have still remained in SDR and UWB, so and UWB, so we hope to start collaborating with you for we hope to start collaborating with you for comprehensive solution !comprehensive solution !


136



Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA)

Design proper pulse waveform corresponding to required band restrictionMatch its spectra with required spectral mask in flexible and adaptive, even if regional spectral mask is changed

mτ1

∝

0ω

NiCT-UWB Consortium’s Soft-Spectrum UWBPHY Proposal for IEEE 802.15.3a

Basic Philosophy Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA)


137



(1) Free-verse Type Soft-Spectrum AdaptationFreely design pulse waveforms by synthesizing pulses,

e.g. overlapping and shifting

K-3 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse(Note: band notches clearly happen at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz as well)

time frequency

2.4GHz 5.2GHz

mτ1

∝

0ω

frequencytime

K-4 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse(Note: pulse waveform has more freedom)


138



Exhibition

NICT

Motorola


139



Anticipation of UWB EvolutionAnticipation of UWB Evolution

　　UWB is much more practical technology than SDR, soUWB is much more practical technology than SDR, sowithin a few years, wireless PAN based on UWB etc within a few years, wireless PAN based on UWB etc should be started servicing.should be started servicing.

Technical key issues for commercial UWB systems:Technical key issues for commercial UWB systems:(1) (1) Specification of signaling, modulation, chip design Specification of signaling, modulation, chip design

and architectureand architecture(2) (2) Protocol matched with UWB natureProtocol matched with UWB nature


140



Anticipation of UWB Evolution(continue)Anticipation of UWB Evolution(continue)

Regulatory key issues for commercial UWB systems;

(1) Interference to and from co-exisiting systems(2) International fair competition rather than monopoly(3) Collaboration and cooperation among industry,

academia, and government.


141



Elementary and CrossElementary and Cross--over Technologies over Technologies for SDR & UWBfor SDR & UWB

Transmission Tech.(Signal Design and Detection Theory)

Wireless Tech.(Elec-Mag Field Analysis,

Propagation Modeling)

Software Eng.(Algorithm,

Program Language)

Device Process(SemiCon, Super Conductive)

Signal Processing Tech.(Digital Filter, FFT)

Modulation & Demodulation

Air Interface

User InterfaceNetoworl Routing

Protocol (Tranform)CryptographyCryptographyInf. SecurityInf. Security

Interface

MultiplexingMultiple Access

Coding & DecodingEqualization

APIAPIAdaptive Array Antenna(DBF)

ConvertorConvertor

SamplingSampling(ADC, DAC)(ADC, DAC)

Filtering

Adaptive Algorithm

DownloadReconfigurationSimulation

RealReal--time OStime OSApplication ProgramChannel Estimatio

Mesurement Equipments

Antenna

RF CircuitRF Circuit

Battery

ProcessorProcessor(FPGA, DSP,(FPGA, DSP,

ASIC)ASIC)Memory

Device Driver

Description Language(IDL, SDL)

Software Defined Radio Ultra WideBand Radio


142




143




144



Receiver ArchitecturesReceiver Architectures

1stIF

ADCDigital

ProcessingRF

2nd LO

1st LO

Conventional Superheterodyne receiver:Even though this is widely used now, it is difficult

to change system parameters such as bandwidth,because RF and IF signals are processed by fixed analog components.

IF

ADCDigital

ProcessingRF

LO

IF sampling:Down-conversion from IF to baseband is done

digitally undersampling is necessary to sample bandpass IF signals

Baseband

BasebandADC

DigitalProcessingRF

LO

Direct (zero IF) down conversion:RF(Radio Frequency) is directly down-converted to

baseband in analog domain have to deal with DC offset problem

Near-zero IF

ADCDigital

ProcessingRF

LO

Near-zero IF down conversion:RF is down-converted to near-zero IF, which is

sampled digitally need not deal with DC offset problem


145



Security problem for SDR

1. What is a secure way to download and reconfigure a software to a software radio terminal?

2. Is there a way to prevent hacking operation of a software radio terminal?

3. How can we change radio regulation based on type-approval so as to match with SDR commercial products?


146



146


Part IPart I

Research on Software Research on Software ReconfigurableReconfigurable TechnologyTechnology

in Kohno Laboratoryin Kohno Laboratory


147



KentaKenta UMEBAYASHIUMEBAYASHI–– Concept of Universal radio in SDRConcept of Universal radio in SDR–– Multimode PLL for carrier recovery and modulation identificationMultimode PLL for carrier recovery and modulation identification

Kentaro Kentaro IKEMOTOIKEMOTO–– Pulse Shape and Coded Modulation Technique Under Multi Path Pulse Shape and Coded Modulation Technique Under Multi Path

Fading ChannelFading Channel–– Adaptive Modulation & Channel Coding TechniqueAdaptive Modulation & Channel Coding Technique–– Modulation & Channel Coding Identification TechniqueModulation & Channel Coding Identification Technique–– System Sensing for SDR+UWB communication systemSystem Sensing for SDR+UWB communication system

Kazuyuki OKUIKEKazuyuki OKUIKE–– OnOn--Board Automatic Certification System (ACS) for Software Board Automatic Certification System (ACS) for Software

Defined RadioDefined Radio

Motoko Motoko TANIGUCHITANIGUCHI–– FPGA Fault Detection Using Error Correcting Codes for Software FPGA Fault Detection Using Error Correcting Codes for Software

Defined Radio SystemsDefined Radio Systems

Research on SDR Research on SDR in Yokohama National Universityin Yokohama National University


148



Concept of Universal radio in SDRConcept of Universal radio in SDR

Subjects of the universal radio in SDRChannel estimation algorithm without any supplemental information is necessary to realize high adaptabilityUniversal algorithm which can adapt multiple types of the module is necessary to reduce number of the mode changingMode change recognition or identification is necessary to realize ultimate flexibility

Main advantages of an Universal RadioUltimate flexibility and adaptability → Dramatic improvement of Frequency utilization efficiency

Universal radio can adapt to the multiple communication systemsUniversal radio can estimate the environment and adapt it. Universal radio can be realized by using SDR techniques.

Universal radio

Channel Environment

Data base of software

User needs

Channel estimation

Mode change recognition

More flexible or universal mode

Fig.1 Basic Concept of Universal radio

Our research focuses on this subject with Modulation Identification technique without any supplemental information. In conventional technique, supplemental information is employed to control the mode change


149



Multimode PLL for carrier recovery and modulation identificationMultimode PLL for carrier recovery and modulation identificationMultimode PLL

Multimode PLL can recover the carrier and identify the modulation type without supplemental information “Modulation identification” is key technology which can identify the mode change.

Contributions of this research: Carrier and initial phase offset problem is considered with digital PLL. Carrier lock and modulation identification are processed at same time, therefore, acquisition time is reduced. Multimode PLL is evaluated in the Adaptive Modulation System in ISDB-S

In modulation identification, other detection techniques, e.g. carrier recovery, countermeasures for fading have to be considered. Modulation identification technique has to be evaluated on the concrete application. This research show the solutions for above problems.

Fig.2 Multimode PLL

Brief Process of Multimode PLL

Initial Acquisition state: PLL does not operate = SW is openPhase Lock Detectors detect Lock or Non-LockMod ID logic output the modulation identification result or non-modulation due to the outputs of PLDsIf the modulation scheme is identified state is changed to tracking state. Otherwise, state is not changed.

Tracking state: PLL operate = SW is closedLoop filter (LPF) and Phase Error Detector (PED) are configured based on the identified modulation type. If the output of modulation identification non-modulation, state is changed to initial acquisition. Otherwise, state is not changed.

Frommatchedfilter

sin/costable

NCO

LPF Bank of PED

SW

Bank of phaselock detector

Modulation identification

BPSK PLD

QPSK PLD

8PSK PLD

16QAM PLD

Modulation ID(LOCK)

Digital PLL

I/Qsymbols

Control Signal

r(n) r’(n)

slo(n)


150



0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4x 10-8

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Time [ns]

Am

plitu

de

n=1n=2n=3n=4n=5n=6n=7

Hermite polynomials functionHermite Pulse are orthogonality respectively

Transmits symbols simultaneously

UWB Signal with ModifiedUWB Signal with ModifiedHermite Pulses TrainHermite Pulses Train

Pulse Shape and Coded Modulation Technique Under Multi Path Fading Channel

Information S/PLDPCEncoder

Pulse Generator (N)

Antenna

Modified Hermite Pulse

DemodulatorP/SSum-ProductDecoder

Iterative Decoding

Information

Transmitter Side

Receiver Side

System Model

Theoretical and Simulated BER Characteristics of Hermite Pulse

ModifiedDistribution



Received Signal r(t)

OutputDecision

P/S

∫∞

∞dt()

)(1 th

)(2 th

)(thn

∫∞

∞−⋅= dtthtrC nn )()( 12 −= nn CD

∫∞

∞dt()

∫∞

∞dt()

Demodulator

Sum-Product

Pseudo LLR

EM Algorithm

HMM forFading Environment

Decoding Process

SynchronizationCarrier OffsetPhase Offset

Several Iterative Processing


151



10

Q

I

A- A

001000 Q

I

111 110

A

011

010

100

101

A

A-

A-

0010 Q

I

2

A-

2

A

11

2

A-

01

2

A

Q

I 103A

10

3A-

103A-

10

3A

1110 01101010 0010

11111011 0111 0011

11011001 0101 0001

11001000 0100 0000

Adaptive Modulation & Channel Coding Technique

Constellation forSoft Decision Decoding

BPSK

SNR

Time

QPSK 8PSK 16QAM 16QAM 8PSK 8PSKBPSK QPSK16QAM8PSK

1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame1 Frame 2 Frame3 Frame 3 Frame 3 Frame4 Frame 4 Frame

1200 Bit 2400 Bit 3600 Bit 4800 Bit1200 Bit 2400 Bit3600 Bit 3600 Bit 3600 Bit4800 Bit 4800 Bit

Frame Structure for Adaptive Modulation & Channel Coding Technique

Adaptive Coding System

ConvolutionalCode Encoder 1

ConvolutionalCode Encoder N

Switch Modulator

ChannelEstimation

Finite State Machine

EncoderInformation

Codes fromChannel

EstimationResult

Demodulator

Viterbi Estimation

ViterbiDecoder 1

ViterbiDecoder N

SourceEncoder

Source Decoder

Selecting Encoder System

Transmitter SideSelect Optimum Encoder and Gradual Transition For Channel Condition

Receiver SideViterbi Estimation in the Trellis Estimation of the used Encoder

System Model for Adaptive Modulation& Channel Coding Technique


152



LDPCEncoder

CarrierSense

Sum-ProductAlgorithm

PhaseEstimator

Sampling &Buffering

ModulationScheme

Estimator

FrameSynchronization

Noise

Carrier andPhase Offset

DataBit

DecodedData

Pseudo-posterior Log-likelihood Ratio

SoftDecision Bit

Modulation & Channel Coding Identification Technique

Step 1.Initialization

Step 5.Phase Error Offset Using Soft

Decision Bit

Step 7.Stop Regulation of Soft Decision

Phase Error Offset

Step 4.Phase Error Estimation Using

MMSE

Step 9.General Sum-Product Decoding

Step D.Estimate Modulation Scheme

Step 8.Frame Synchronization

Step 6.Update of LLR

Step 3.Calculation of Soft Decision Bit

Step 2.Sum-Product Decoding

Trellis diagramTrellis diagram(Combined with several trellis diagram)(Combined with several trellis diagram)Estimate the encoder automaticallyEstimate the encoder automatically

Converted to encoder informationConverted to encoder informationObservation corresponds to encoder informationObservation corresponds to encoder informationEstimate the ML trellis encoder transitionEstimate the ML trellis encoder transition

Converted to FSM informationConverted to FSM informationObservation corresponds to FSM informationObservation corresponds to FSM informationEstimate the ML trellis FSM transitionEstimate the ML trellis FSM transition

Decode: Convolutional codeEstimate: Encoder transition

FSM transition

1st in viterbi decoding

2nd in viterbi estimation of encoder transition

3rd in viterbi estimation of FSM transition

Triple Viterbi Algorithm (RX)

Channel CodingIdentification Technique

ModulationIdentification Technique

Combination Iterative Algorithm of Sum-Product Decoding + Frame Synchronization

and Phase and Carrier Offset

System Model

Flowchart

Phase and Carrier Offset

ModifieduLNum

LBitNum

ii

Bit

Modumean *|)(|1

1∑=

=

114/54/53/43/42/32/3

１６１６QAMQAM８８PSKPSKQPSKQPSKBPSKBPSK

Modified LLR


153



System Sensing for SDR+UWB communication system

)()1()( 24

22 t

n

ntn

n edtdeth

−

−=

)()1()( 22

22 t

n

ntn

n edtdeth

−

−=

Hermite Polynomial

Bandwidth extendswider as the number

of order increasesModified Hermite Polynomial

Frequency ResponseOrder (Between n=1-7 and n=8-14)

Correlation Characteristics in Frequency Domain between Narrowband signal

and Template for Modified Hermite PulseSystem Model

s(t) n(t)

NarrowBand Signal

Noise

Correlationd（ｔ）

h(t)PulseGenerator

Info

Transmitter SideReceiver Side

h(t)

Detection

∫∞

∞−⋅= dtthtrC nn )()(

12 −= nn CD

Spectrum Analyses of Narrowband Signal (BPSK)

Using Template for Modified Hermite

Pulse (Left)Using Conventional

Scheme (Right)


154



FadingCountermeasures

Privacy of Communication& Certification

Broadband WirelessCommunications Techniques

Inter System InterferenceCountermeasure

Home Networks Office Networks

ITS (Intelligent Transport System)

Remote Maintenance

Omit of IF Circuits(Direct Conversion)

Software Reconfigurability(Re-Configuration)

Inter SystemInterference

Low PowerConsumption

Demand forMultimode

• Huge Demands for Broadband Wireless Communications• Co-exit of Various Wireless Systems

Environments ApplicationsHardware Software

One-Chip Implementation

SystemStabilization

System Sensing

InterferenceCountermeasures

Inter User Interference CountermeasureAuto Certification

Concept of Software Defined Radio & Ultra WideBand Communications

----AdaptiveAdaptive----ModulationModulation

Coded ModulationCoded ModulationCodingCoding

SDRSDR

SystemSystemSensingSensing

Pulse ShapePulse ShapeCoded ModulationCoded Modulation

For Environment For Application

Concept of Research

UWBUWB

Adaptive Array AntennaFading Countermeasure

MIMO

Multi User Detection

Adaptive Resource

Adaptive Equalizer

System HandoverChannel Estimation

Adaptive Sampling


155



Current Radio Regulation　Radios can’t reconfigure the system.

On-Board Automatic Certification System (ACS) for Software Defined Radio

SDR Terminal can reconfigure the system.

BACKGROUND

We have to change the radio regulation based on type approval to match SDR commercial products.

HOWEVER

I/O Interface

Certification Function

Data GenerationFunction

ACSData Base

ACS

Test Signals

Test & ReferenceSignals

Ant

enna

Pow

er　

Am

p

RF/

IF

AD

C/D

AC

Mod

emC

hann

el C

odin

g

Info

Sec

Sour

ce C

odin

g

I/O

Reference Signals

Output signalsTest Signals

Output signals

SDR

Tamper Resistance

Fixed Module Reconfigurable Module

Governmental Authority Data Base

ACS ARCHITECTURE

Not in ExistenceNot in ExistenceMake ACSMake ACSStandardize ACSStandardize ACS

ACS ACS CreatorCreator

Use the SDR terminal without complicated operationUse the SDR terminal without complicated operationUserUser

Make SDR Software and Make SDR Software and Acquire the Acquire the Type Approval with Hardware Type Approval with Hardware ManufacturerManufacturer

Make SDR Make SDR softwaresoftware

Software Software ManufactureManufacturerr

Make SDR Hardware and Acquire the Make SDR Hardware and Acquire the Type ApprovalType Approval

Acquire the Type Approval of Acquire the Type Approval of Software with the Software Software with the Software ManufacturerManufacturer

Make SDR Make SDR Hardware and Hardware and Acquire the Type Acquire the Type ApprovalApproval

Hardware Hardware ManufactureManufacturerr

Provide the Wireless Communication Provide the Wireless Communication InfrastructureInfrastructureOperatorOperator

Provide the Provide the Public Key Infrastructure Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)(PKI)Authenticate the identity of users (Digital Signature:DS)Authenticate the identity of users (Digital Signature:DS)

Certification Certification AuthorityAuthority

Authorize SDR Hardware and Authorize SDR Hardware and SoftwareSoftware

Authorize SDR Authorize SDR HardwareHardware

GovernmentGovernmental Authorityal Authority

RoleRole（（C3PC)C3PC)RoleRole（（ACSACS））

RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE PARTIES INVOLVED IN THE ACS

SDR HardwareManufacturer

SDR SoftwareManufacturer

GovernmentalAuthority

User

ACS Creator

WirelessServiceProvider

Type Approval of SDR Hardware

Sell the SDRHardware

Send theSigned andEncryptedSoftware

Send theTest Data or ACS Update

COMPAELSON OF ACS- AND C3PC- BASED FRAMEWORK

THEREFORE


156



FPGA Fault Detection Using Error Correcting Codes for Software Defined Radio Systems

Remote maintenance of the SDR System• It is possible to maintain remotely because the terminal system is remotely self-reconfigurable• Significant advantage for users and manufactures

Protocol of the proposed systemFPGA hierarchical fault detection using error correcting code

SDR terminal Base station

The FPGA data of the SDR terminal request

Transmit the FPGA data about fault rate and fault part to the

base station

Generate a configuration data TD for the FPGA test and

transmit TD to SDR terminal

Implement TD on the FPGA and compute syndrome S as

the test.

S = 0 ?

Transmit S and the output code word w.

Decode w as detect fault part.Generate a new configuration data CD avoided fault part and transmit CD to

SDR terminal.

Implement CD

Re-implement

Test complete notice to Base station.Data of the FPGA is renewed.

Yes No

Fault Detection of FPGA in the SDR terminal after shipment• Possible to repair itself by using fault free parts• The purpose is only detecting and pinpointing the fault part• Reduction of the computational cost is required

• Based on the regularity of error correcting code which is beforehand given to the test output• The test areas are hierarchically distributed

A remote fault detection system with low computational cost at the terminal

Compute syndrome

Find σ(x)

Find positions

Find error values

Detecting faults Locating faults

Test output

In the SDR terminal In the base station

Syndrome & Output

Computational cost of the terminalCheck circuit areaThe average of the transmit information quantity

Degradation Reduction

Trade-offProbability of aliasing

The probability of not detecting fault correctly

Selection of error correcting code for test


157



UWB HistoryUWB History

Ross 1963δ(t) response for

microwave N-ports

Ross 1965UWB technology

Research at Sperry

Bennet and Ross 1978Time Domain

Electromagnetics

Ross 1970sUS patents

Harmuth 1980sUWB antennas

BarrettBarrett 1989UWBTerm

(1) impulse radio (1) impulse radio (2) time domain(2) time domain(3) (3) carriercarrier--freefree

1990s UWBdevelopment

programs

FCC 14/02 2002UWB regulatory

approval

2004 and beyondCommercialization

of UWB applications

CRL 05 2002UWB project

Start

19981998FCC UWB

NOI

06 1999 UWB

devices



158



Research Issues on Impulse Radio/UWB Research Issues on Impulse Radio/UWB in Kohno Laboratoryin Kohno Laboratory

1.1. Comparison between UWB and Comparison between UWB and SS SystemsSS Systems2.2. MultiMulti--level orlevel or MM--aryary schemes schemes for Improvement of UWB for Improvement of UWB

Transmission EfficiencyTransmission Efficiency3.3. Pulse Shaping and MultiPulse Shaping and Multi--pulse Shaping schemes pulse Shaping schemes for for

Improvement of UWB Transmission Efficiency Improvement of UWB Transmission Efficiency 4.4. MultiMulti--user Detection and Interference Cancellation user Detection and Interference Cancellation

Technologies Technologies for Improvement of UWB User Capacity for Improvement of UWB User Capacity 5.5. SpaceSpace--Time Equalization Technologies Time Equalization Technologies in the Presence of in the Presence of

MultipathMultipath Distortion Distortion 6.6. SpaceSpace--Time Interference Cancellation Technologies Time Interference Cancellation Technologies in the in the

Presence ofPresence of Overlaid or CoOverlaid or Co--existing Conventional Systemsexisting Conventional Systems7.7. Joint Communicating and Ranging Systems Joint Communicating and Ranging Systems Based on UWBBased on UWB8.8. Ultra Wideband Antenna Ultra Wideband Antenna for UWBfor UWB


159



SynchronizationSynchronization and time base stabilityand time base stability–– Picosecond accuracyPicosecond accuracy–– Jitter reductionJitter reduction

PropagationPropagation–– Measurement schemes Measurement schemes for UWB signalfor UWB signal–– Channel modelsChannel models for indoor communication (e.g., very short range)for indoor communication (e.g., very short range)–– Channel models for higher frequency (e.g., above 2.4 GHz)Channel models for higher frequency (e.g., above 2.4 GHz)

AntennasAntennas–– Low cost, efficient, electrically small antennas for portable Low cost, efficient, electrically small antennas for portable

applicationsapplications

TechnologyTechnology–– HighHigh--speed CMOS implementationspeed CMOS implementation

Subjects of Current Research (2/2)Subjects of Current Research (2/2)Important Aspects for UWB systems implementation

UWB commercial systems can be available only if low cost implementation of UWB circuits and antennas are ready for mass production as well as a theoretical performance analysis and a regulation rearrenagement.

New methods of measuring UWB signals and measurement equipments should be developed.

New Design rules of RF circuits for UWB impulse response should be invented and established different from conventional sinusoidal response.


160



UWB Technology Institute in CRLUWB Technology Institute in CRL>>　　Aim:Aim:1.1. Promote R&DPromote R&D of UWB Commercial Systems and Its Related Technologies of UWB Commercial Systems and Its Related Technologies 2.2. Cooperation with Industry and AcademiaCooperation with Industry and Academia3.3. Modify Radio Regulation and Establish Guidelines and StandardModify Radio Regulation and Establish Guidelines and Standard>>　　Date:Date: Officially July 1, 2002 (Effectively May 2002)Officially July 1, 2002 (Effectively May 2002)>>　　Place: Place: CRLCRL(Communication Research Laboratory)(Communication Research Laboratory) in YRP in YRP >>　　Director: Director: Ryuji KohnoRyuji Kohno

UWB Consortium between Industry and Academia>>　　Aim:Aim:1. 1. R&D and Regulation of UWB Wireless SystemsR&D and Regulation of UWB Wireless Systems2. 2. Experimental Analysis of UWB System TestExperimental Analysis of UWB System Test--bedbed in band in band （（960MHz, 960MHz, 3.13.1--10.6GHz, 2210.6GHz, 22--29GHz)29GHz)

3. 3. R&D of Low Cost Module with higher data rate over 100MbpsR&D of Low Cost Module with higher data rate over 100Mbps4. 4. Contribution in Standardization and RegulationContribution in Standardization and Regulation in ARIB, MPHPT, ITU etcin ARIB, MPHPT, ITU etc


161



Advantest CorporationAnritsu CorporationCASIO Computer Co., Ltd.Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.Fujitsu LimitedFurukawa Electric Co., Ltd.Hitachi Cable, Ltd.Hitachi Communications Technologies, Ltd.Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc.Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.

Companies participating in UWB Companies participating in UWB Consortium (1)Consortium (1)


162



NEC CorporationNEC Engineering, Ltd.NTT Advanced Technology CorporationOki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.Omron CorporationSamsung Yokohama Research InstituteSamsung ElectronicsSANYO Electric Co., Ltd.Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd.Telecom Engineering Center

Companies participating in UWB Companies participating in UWB Consortium (2)Consortium (2)


163


Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONSCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS (CSA2004), Banff, July 8, 2004(CSA2004), Banff, July 8, 2004


164



Japanese UWB ConsortiumJapanese UWB Consortium

UWB Microwave GroupUWB Microwave Group::> Leader> Leader

Dr. Ryuji Kohno (CRL, Yokohama National Univ.)Dr. Ryuji Kohno (CRL, Yokohama National Univ.)> > Sub LeaderSub Leader

Dr. Dr. HiroyoHiroyo Ogawa (CRL)Ogawa (CRL)> Leaders of 5 Working Groups> Leaders of 5 Working Groups

Dr.Dr. TakehikoTakehiko Kobayashi; Kobayashi; WG on Channel PropagationWG on Channel PropagationDr.Dr. JunJun--ichiichi Takada; Takada; WG on System MeasurementWG on System MeasurementDr. Ryuji Kohno; Dr. Ryuji Kohno; WG on UWB System DesignWG on UWB System DesignDr. Toshiaki Matsui; Dr. Toshiaki Matsui; WG on UWB System ImplementationWG on UWB System ImplementationMr. Tetsuya Mr. Tetsuya YasuiYasui; ; WG on International CollaborationWG on International Collaboration

> Registered Researchers (incl. part> Registered Researchers (incl. part--time researcher)time researcher)83 Researchers from 22 organizations83 Researchers from 22 organizations


165



Specification Bluetooth

Bluetooth Ver.2

5.2GHz Mobile Acess

License Free System in 60GHz

Targeted UWB System

Data Rate Upto 721kbps 2Mbps Upto 54Mbps Home-link 1.6Gbps

Communication Range 10～100ｍ

Drawback

Indoor Only

10～100ｍ 100ｍ 10ｍ10ｍ

Over 100Mbps

Advantages・Ad-Hoc

・Low Cost

・Ad-Hoc

・Low Cost

・Low Power Consumption

・Ad-Hoc

・Low Cost

・High Speed

・Ranging & Positioning

High Transmission

Rate

Low rate High Cost

http://www.ericsson.co.jp/products/bluetooth_ip/faq/faq_02c.html#33

Short rangeHigh power

consumption

Comparison of System Specification


166



CRL-UWB Consortium’s Soft-Spectrum UWB

PHY Proposal for IEEE 802.15.3aMarch 2003

Ryuji KOHNODirector, UWB Technology Institute, CRLProfessor, Yokohama National University

Chair, CRL-UWB ConsortiumHonggang ZHANG , Hiroyo OGAWA

Communications Research Laboratory (CRL)& CRL-UWB Consortium


167



Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) can adapt signal spectra to any spectral requirement by flexible pulse waveform shaping similar to Software Defined Radio (SDR). 1. Global regulation satisfaction: SSA can flexibly adjust UWB signal spectrum so as to match with spectral restriction in transmission power, i.e. spectrum masks.2. Interference avoidance for co-existence: SSA can adaptively avoid interference from and to co-existing systems in the same band and maximize spectral efficiency.3. Harmonization for various proposed systems: SSA is good for harmonization among different UWB systems because SSAincludes various proposed UWB systems as its special case, e.g.

XSI’s DS-CDMA as a case of Free-verse type SSAMBOA’s MB-OFDM as a case of Geometrical type SSA

4. Future system version-up: SSA is so scalable as to accept future UWB systems with better performance like SDR.

Advantages of Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)


168



DSDS--UWB operating bandsUWB operating bands

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Low Band

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

High Band

GHz GHz

MB-OFDM operating bands

f3432MHz

3960MHz

4488MHz

5016MHz

5544MHz

6072MHz

6600MHz

7128MHz

7656MHz

8184MHz

8712MHz

9240MHz

9768MHz

Band#1

Band#2

Band#3

Band#4

Band#5

Band#6

Band#7

Band#8

Band#9

Band#10

Band#11

Band#12

Band#13

10296MHz

Band#14

Band Group #1 Band Group #2 Band Group #3 Band Group #4 Band Group #5

2.5 Improved Common Signaling Mode (ICSM) using PSWF-type SSA pulse wavelets


169



Basic principles of compatibility model in Japan(1) Radio spectrum is a finite resource. As such, radio spectrum usage

should adhere to international systems of rules and should be carefully designed to avoid future problems.

(2) As yet, UWB stations do not belong to any designated service and the UWB format is not based on the Radio Regulations (RR) allocations. As such, it is not considered in compliance with stipulations.

(3) The study of compatibility conditions is predicated on radio regulations (RR) Section 4.4 concerning interference.

[Radio Regulations. Section 4.4] Administrations of the Member States shall not assign to a station any frequency in derogation of either the Table of Frequency Allocations in this Chapter or the other provisions of these Regulations, except on the express condition that such a station, when using such a frequency such a station, when using such a frequency assignment, shall not cause harmful interference to, and shall nassignment, shall not cause harmful interference to, and shall not claim ot claim protection from harmful interference protection from harmful interference caused by, a station operating in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the Convention and these Regulations.


170



Japanese Contributions on Measurements Japanese Contributions on Measurements of UWB Signals for ITU TG1/8of UWB Signals for ITU TG1/8

Japanese Regulator (MPHPT) has been investigatingmutual interference between UWB and victim systems.

Some results on measurements of UWB signals have been presented at ITU TG1/8.

This is important for a regulator to approve type of UWB systems. Regulators in ITU Region 3 (Korea, China,Singapole etc in Asia) may be mostly same situation.

Regulatory Committee for UWB Radio Systems in Ministry:MPHPT


171



Joint UWBST&IWUWBS 20042004 Joint International Conference on UWB Systems &

Technologies(UWBST2004) and International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems(IWUWBS2004)

Hotel Granvia Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan, May 19-21, 2004General Chair:　Ryuji Kohno Yokohama National Univ.

Technical Program Chair: Tetsushi Ikegami, Meiji Univ.Technical Program Committee Co-Chairs: Yukitoshi Sanada, Keio UniversityShigenobu Sasaki, Niigata University

Organizing Committee Chair: Shinsuke Hara, Osaka Univ.Organizing Committee Co-Chair: Akifumi Kasamatsu, CRL

SponsorNational Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)Yokosuka Research Park R&D Promotion Committee (YRP) Yokohama National University 21st Century COE

Technical Sponsors(Tentative)IEEE Communication Society (COMSOC)IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society (MTT)IEICE Technical Group on Wide Band Systems (WBS)IEICE Technical Group on Radio Communication Systems (RCS)IEICE Technical Group on Microwave (MW)PULSERS, EuropeKorean UWB Forum, ETRIJapanese UWB Consortium

In Cooperation withMinistry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications (MPHPT), JapanMultimedia Mobile Access Communications Committee(MMAC)

Antennas and Propagation:AntennasChannel measurement and modelingField trials and measurements

Modulation Schemes and Systems:Modulation and detectionInterference and capacityReceiver architectures

Implementation:RF modulesIntegrated circuit design and implementationLow power consumption technique

Regulatory issues:Signal modelingCo-existence scheme with the other systems

UWB Applications:RadarPositioningAd-hoc networksTools for system analysis

Important Due DatesSubmission of 5 page full paper: 31 Dec, 2003Notification of acceptance: : 10 Feb, 2004Camera ready submission due:10 March, 2004


172



　　(1) Harmonization with international studies is required, particularly with ITU-R and IEEE studies. Similarly, the outcomes of technical studies in Japan should be contributed in recommendations from organizations such as the ITU-R.

　　(2) Theoretical calculations based on the ITU-R recommendations and the proposed compatibility model incorporating FCC emission power proposals found that long separate distance or limitations on the number of devices would be required for compatibility between UWB and other radio systems, necessitating further studies as follows: > Study of actual effect of UWB based on experimental data and simulations > Detailed investigation to consider actual deployment of radio systems > Other strategies for mitigating interference > Review of emission power proposals

Further Studies


173



Potential Applications of UWBPotential Applications of UWB

Wireless communicationsWireless communications– High speed/low speed and high user capacity– Short distance communication (e.g., a few km)– Indoor wireless (e.g., WLANs, wireless tags, WPAN)– Outdoor communications (e.g., WLL)

ITS: Intelligent Transport SystemsITS: Intelligent Transport Systems– Colision avoidance radar– Realization of both communication and ranging with a single hardware

• Imaging and sensors− Medical imaging− Ground penetration

• Security systems− Intrusion detection and sensing

Power C

onsumption

during Transmission

Achievable Transmission Rate(b/s)

1M 10M 100M

Higher Capacity

Low P

ower

Consum

ption

UWB

IEEE802.11a

IEEE802.11b

Bluetooth


174



M-ary Pulse Shape Modulation （PSM)or Pulse Shape Multiple Access (PSMA)based on geometric Soft-Spectrum waveforms

ort

I 100 110101 •••

t

000 010001 •••

t

t

II

III


175



Yokohama National UniversityYokohama National UniversityCOE for Creation of Future Social Infrastructure Based COE for Creation of Future Social Infrastructure Based

on Information Telecommunication Technologyon Information Telecommunication Technology

Ryuji Kohno Ryuji Kohno Professor, Professor, COE LeaderCOE Leader

Division of Physics, Electrical and Computer Division of Physics, Electrical and Computer EngineeringEngineering

Yokohama National University, JapanYokohama National University, JapanEE--mail:mail: kohnokohno@@ynuynu.ac..ac.jpjp

URL: http://www.URL: http://www.dnjdnj..ynuynu.ac..ac.jpjp//

2003 Symposium on Yokohama National University COE for Creation of Future Social Infrastructure Based on Information Telecommunication Technology

Education & Culture Hall, Yokohama National University March 5, 2003


176



Appropriate Size:Various Staffs within one Course

The COE Leading Fields in a World

Long Range Objective:Grand Design of Infrastructure for Future Society

EvolutionMiddle Rage Objective:Creation of Social Infrastructure Based on Information Telecommunications Technologies

Close Collaboration between System Design and Device Development

　Major Fields of Government Committee of Science and Technology: Environmental Energy, Life Science, Information Telecommunications,Nano-Technology

Wireless Communications＋Integrated Photonics：Integrated Optical and Radio Communications

　　The COE Covering Research Fields

Partners:Communication Research Laboratory (CRL), Yokosuka Research Park(YRP)

YNU COE for Future Social Infrastructure Based on Information Telecommunications


177



Prof. Ryuji Kohno:System Architecture, Space-Time Signal Processing

Prof. Yasuo Kokubun:Optical Integrated Circuits for Wave-lengthMultiplexing

Asso. Prof.Nobuyuki Yoshikawa:Super Conductive Devices/Integrated Circuit

Asso. Prof. Toshihiko Baba:Photonics Crystal, Opto-Electronics

Asso. Prof. Yasushi Takemura:High-Density Memory/StorageDevices

Prof. Tsutomu Matsumoto:Information Security, Tamper Resistancy

Prof. Shingo Ohmori(CRL)Design and Application of Satellite andMobile Communication Systems

Research on Intelligent Storage Devices Research on Optical-Radio Trasform

Research on RF System Implementation

Research on System Architecture

Network Infrastructure Based on Optical and Rado Telecommunication Technologies

Prof. Atsuo Kawamura:Mechatronics, Robotics

Prof. Rokuya Ishii:MultiMedia Siganal Processing, Proceesors

The COE’s Covering Research Fields

System Design Group

Device ResearchGroup

Prof. Hiroyuki Arai:RF Circuits, Antenna, Measurement

YNU COE for Future Social Infrastructure Based on Information Telecommunications


178



Receiver ArchitecturesReceiver Architectures

1stIF

ADCDigital

ProcessingRF

2nd LO

1st LO

Conventional Superheterodyne receiver:Even though this is widely used now, it is difficult

to change system parameters such as bandwidth,because RF and IF signals are processed by fixed analog components.

IF

ADCDigital

ProcessingRF

LO

IF sampling:Down-conversion from IF to baseband is done

digitally undersampling is necessary to sample bandpass IF signals

Baseband

BasebandADC

DigitalProcessingRF

LO

Direct (zero IF) down conversion:RF(Radio Frequency) is directly down-converted to

baseband in analog domain have to deal with DC offset problem

Near-zero IF

ADCDigital

ProcessingRF

LO

Near-zero IF down conversion:RF is down-converted to near-zero IF, which is

sampled digitally need not deal with DC offset problem


179



Table 1 Mobile Communication Systems in Japan

PDCPHS(micro cell)

IEEE802.11a,b,g,nMMAC

AnalogLow Power type

Frequency bands

Pocket Bell

System

Cellular

Wireless　LAN　

Pager

CordlessPhone

5.15-5.25 GHzAltair(Motorola)

2.0GHz800MHz, 1.5 GHz1.9 GHz

2.4 GHz, 5.2GHz(ISM band)

19 GHz

250 MHz

250/400 MHz

IMT-2000(CDMA1X)

Wireless PAN IEEE802.15.3a UWB-WPAN

3.1GHz – 10.6GHz(Ultra Wideband Tech.)

4G (MIMO-OFDMA) 4.5 GHz


180



Fig.1 PDC/PHS Dual Mode Terminal “Doccimo”


181



Fig.2 PDC Mobile Location Terminal by GPS( Naviewn )

Location IdentificationMap Information


182



2. 2. IEICE Workshop on Software Radio inIEICE Workshop on Software Radio in June 30, 1999June 30, 1999Life Science Center, Life Science Center, SenriSenri, Osaka, Japan, Osaka, Japan

Regular Sessions(1) Opening Address by Ryuji Kohno (Yokohama National University)(2) “Research of Developing Software Radio Reciver in the ARIB Project”

by Tokihiko Yokoi (Toshiba) et al. (3) “Implementaion and Evaluation of Software Radio Receiver” by Yokoi

(Toyocom)(4) “Programable Real-time Simulator” by Ohta (MPT, CRL)(5) “Algorithm to Estimate Modulation Scheme and Symbol Synchronization” by

Kenta Umebayashi, Ryuji Kohno (Yokohama National University))Invited Talks(6) “Application of Super-conductor Device to Software Radio Systems” by

Katayama and Fujimaki(Nagoya University)(7) “Integration of Circuits for Software Radio Portable System” by Kenji

Yaniguchi, Ryuji Yoshimura, Tan Boon Keat, Tohru Ogawa (Osaka University)(8) “Software Antenna Based on Eigenvector Analysis” Toshio Karasawa

(University of Electro-Communications)(9) “Identify System for Unknown Modulated Signals” Shintarou Taira (National

Defense)(10) “Shannon vs. Moore: Digital Signal Processing for Broadband Wireless

Communications” by Ravi Subramanian (Morphics Technology)


183



4. 4. IEICE Workshop on Software Radio inIEICE Workshop on Software Radio in April 17, 2000April 17, 2000YokosukaYokosuka Research Park(Research Park(YRPYRP), Kanagawa), Kanagawa

Invited Talks(1) “The Software Defined Radio Forum; An Overview” by Allan Margulies (MITRE

Co.) (2) “Software Defined Radio Forum Technical Committee Operations” by Peter Cook

(SDR Forum)Regular Sessions(3) “Proposal of a super-conducting tunable filter for software-defined radio” by

Shigeki Mototsu (Kinki Univ.) et al. (4) “A study on an adaptive symbol timing synchronization method for multi-mode &

multi-service software radio communication system” by Ryo Sawai (Chuo Univ.) et al.

(5) “Space Hopping Scheme Under Short Range Rician Multipath Fading Environment” by Satoshi Ishii (Yokohama National Univ.) et al.

(6) “Adaptive Block Coding and Decoding For Channel Condition Based on a Concept of Software Defined Radio” by Kentaro Ikemoto (Yokohama National Univ.) et al.

(7) “A Study on an Over-the-Air Download Scheme for Software Radios” by Hiroyuki Shiba (NTT) et al.

(8) “Flexible Security Systems and a New Structure for Electric Commerce for Software Radios” by Makoto Sugita (NTT) et al.

(9) “A Software Defined Radio using Direct Conversion PrinciplePrinciple”” by Hiroshi by Hiroshi Yoshida (Toshiba Co.) et al. Yoshida (Toshiba Co.) et al.


184



1919. . IEICE Workshop on Software Radio in IEICE Workshop on Software Radio in June 27, 2003June 27, 2003RitsumeikanRitsumeikan University, ShigaUniversity, Shiga

[1] “System Sensing Using a Correlation of the Template Pulse for Impulse Radio Under the Ultra Wideband Wireless Communication Environment” by K. Ikemoto and R. Kohno (Yokohama National University)

[2]“Array Antenna based BSS for Radio Surveillance” by Edgar CARLOS, Jun-ichi TAKADA (Tokyo Inst. Tech.)

[3] “A Software Oriented Modem Architecture for UMTS Terminal and the Evaluation Board Development” by M. Mukai, T. Tomizawa, D. Takeda, T. Wakutsu, T. Tandai, A. Yamaga, Y. Miyamoto, and H. Tsurumi (Toshiba Corp.)

[4]“Implementation of Radio Security Module in Globally Roaming SDR Terminals” by Chih FungLAM, Tien Dzung DOAN, Kei SAKAGUCHI, Jun-ichi TAKADA, Kiyomichi ARAKI (Tokyo Inst. Tech.)

[5] “Conformity of Technical Standards for SDR -The Examination Outline in TELEC-” by K. Oda （TELEC）

[6] “A Study on Fault Detecting of FPGA Using Error Correcting Codes for Software Defined Radio Systems” by M. Taniguchi, K. Okuike, K. Umebayashi, H. Ochiai, and R. Kohno (Yokohama National University)

[7] “Influence of Jitter of Sampling Clock on the Performance of a Wideband Software-Defined Radio Base Station,” by K. Suzuki, H. Okada, T. Yamazato and M. Katayama (Nagoya University)

[8] “Application to the satellite Communication equipment of Software Defined Radio”, by H. Katagiri(NEC TOSHIBA Space Systems), O. Takeda (NEC TOSHIBA Space Systems), S. Senba (NEC TOSHIBA Space Systems), Y. Hisada, M. Tsuji (National Space Systems), T. Sezai (National Space Systems), and Y. Suzuki (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)

[9] “An Implementation of Digital Pre-distortion Linearizer for Software Defined Radio,” by H. Wang, K. Kosaka, K. Sakaguchi and K. Araki (Tokyo Inst. Tech.)

[10] “A Study on Blind Adaptive Modulation Scheme for Rain Attenuation by using Multimode PLL,”by K. Umebayashi (Yokohama National University), R. M. Zaragoza (San Jose State University) and R. Kohno (Yokohama National University)

[11]“The software radio technology and the subject towards deregulation of a wireless mobile network business free competition time” by T. Maeda （Ritsumeikan University)


185



21.21. IEICE Workshop on Software Radio in IEICE Workshop on Software Radio in May. 31, 2004May. 31, 2004Toshiba Research Center, YokohamaToshiba Research Center, Yokohama

[1] “Experiment of Analog-Digital Signal Processing For Multi-Channel Reception,” by A. M. BOSTAMAN, Y. SANADA (Keio Univ.)

[2] “Gain/Phase Imbalance Correction Technique for Wideband QuadratureDemodulators using Digital Signal Processing,” by M. MATSUI, T. NAKAGAWA, K. KOBAYASHI and K. ARAKI (NTT)

[3] “FPGA Based Rapid Prototyping of MIMO 4×4 Spatial Multiplexing System,” by M. CUI, H. MURATA and K. ARAKI (Tokyo Institute of Technology)

[4] “Development of a Software Defined Radio Oriented MIMO Signal Processing Hardware,” by K. MIZUTANI, K. SAKAGUCHI, H. WANG, A. YAMAOKA, J. TAKADA, K. ARAKI (Tokyo Institute of Technology), S. MANABE (KodenElectronics Co., Ltd.)

[5] “Multi-Service Simultaneous Reception with Diversity Technique by Sharing Branches,” by N. SUZUKI, K. ITO, T. SHIBATA and N. ITOH (Toyota Central R&D labs. Inc.,)

[6] “A Study on Communication Quality Estimating Method between Heterogeneous Communication Systems,” by T. SAKAMOTO, K. ABE (Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.), T. Matsuoka, K. UMEBAYASHI (Univ. of Oulu), M. TANIGUCHI and R. KOHNO (Yokohama National Univ.)

[7] “On Wireless Resource Allocation in Networks Using Software Defined Radio,” by M. Taniguchi, R. Kohno (Yokohama National Univ.), K. UMEBAYASHI (Univ. of Oulu), T. SAKAMOTO, K. ABE and T. MATSUOKA (Matsushita Electric Ind Co., Ltd.)

[8] “The Outline of Core Framework and Waveform Application of SCA (Software Communication Architecture) v2.2,” by S. NAKAMURA, T. FUJII and Y. KANAHASHI


186



ＲＦ：２．４５ＧＨｚ

ＲＦ/ＩＦＡ/Ｄ，Ｄ/ＡConversion

Pre/PostProcessor

ＤＳＰInterface

ＣＰＵ

ＩＳＤＮInterface

（BS）Voice,DataInterface

（PS）ＭＭＩ

CallControl

Synchro-nizationMODEMＣＯＤＥＣ

ＡＮＴ Beam Control

ＣＨ MUX/DEMUXFilteringＡＧＣ

Freq. Conversion

Amp.Filtering

ＣＰＵ：３００ＭＨｚ，　６４ＭＢ　ＭｅｍｏｒｙＨＤＤ：２ＧＢ

１６００ＭＩＰＳ×４，　２００ＭＨｚ

Ｄ/Ａ：１０ｂｉｔ，１０４ＭＨｚＡ/Ｄ：１２ｂｉｔ，５２ＭＨｚＶＭＥ Bus

IF ３９ＭＨｚ+６．５ＭＨｚ

ＲＦ：２．４５ＧＨｚ

ＲＦ/ＩＦＡ/Ｄ，Ｄ/ＡConversion

Pre/PostProcessor

ＤＳＰInterface

ＣＰＵ

ＩＳＤＮInterface

（BS）Voice,DataInterface

（PS）ＭＭＩ

CallControl

Synchro-nizationMODEMＣＯＤＥＣ

ＡＮＴ Beam Control

ＣＨ MUX/DEMUXFilteringＡＧＣ

Freq. Conversion

Amp.Filtering

ＣＰＵ：３００ＭＨｚ，　６４ＭＢ　ＭｅｍｏｒｙＨＤＤ：２ＧＢ

１６００ＭＩＰＳ×４，　２００ＭＨｚ

Ｄ/Ａ：１０ｂｉｔ，１０４ＭＨｚＡ/Ｄ：１２ｂｉｔ，５２ＭＨｚＶＭＥ Bus

IF ３９ＭＨｚ+６．５ＭＨｚ

Fig.3 Configuration of NTT’s prototype SDR station.


187



11. 11. MPHPT/FCC/IEICE/SDRMPHPT/FCC/IEICE/SDR--Forum Joint SDR WorkshopForum Joint SDR Workshopfor Regulationfor Regulation

1. 1. Date: Date: October 17, 2001October 17, 20012.2. Place:Place: Conference Hall, Conference Hall, Ministry of Public management, Home affairs, Posts and Ministry of Public management, Home affairs, Posts and

Telecommunications (MPHPT), TokyoTelecommunications (MPHPT), Tokyo3. Organizers: 3. Organizers: IEICE SRIEICE SR--TGTG,,TELEC, MPHPT, SDR Forum, ITU JapanTELEC, MPHPT, SDR Forum, ITU Japan4. Program13:00-13:10 Opening remarks: Ryuji Kohno (Chairman of IEICE SR-TG) 13:10-13:40 Invited speech 1 “New FCC Software Defined Radio Policy” Speaker: Mike Marcus (FCC, USA)

13:40-14:10 Invited speech 2“System Aspects of SDR Regulation” Speaker: Stephen Blust (SDR Forum, USA)

14:10-14:45 Invited speech 3“ Activity on the technical regulation conformity certification of software radio - Japan -”Speaker: Kiyoshi Sekiguchi (MPHPT) and Koichi Sazanami (TELEC)

14:45-15:00 Coffee Break15:00-16:30 Panel Session (Simultaneous interpretation available) “Subjects and its solutions for the technical regulation conformity

certification of software radio”Moderator: Ryuji Kohno (Chairman of IEICE SR-TG)Panelists: Mike Marcus (FCC), Stephen Blust (SDR Forum), Koichi Sazanami (TELEC), Mark Cummings (enVia), Mike Chartier (Intel), Hiroshi Harada (CRL), KazuhiroUehara (NTT), Masaaki Katayama (Nagoya Univ.), Junichi Takada (Tokyo Inst. of Tech.), Shinichiro Haruyama (SONY CSL), Hiroshi Tsurumi (Toshiba)


188



188


URSI-GA 2002 , Maastricht, August 19, 2002Commission C – Signals and Systems

Session C.1: Software Reconfigurable Radio Systems(I)Chair: Ryuji Kohno (Yokohama National University, Japan)

・・8:308:30--8:50 8:50 C.1.1 C.1.1 Security Issues of Downloading for Software ReSecurity Issues of Downloading for Software Re--Configurable Configurable Radio Systems Versus Usual Internet DownloadingRadio Systems Versus Usual Internet Downloading (invited paper)(invited paper)Miodrag MihaljevicMiodrag Mihaljevic(SONY CSL) and (SONY CSL) and Ryuji KohnoRyuji Kohno(Yokohama National University)(Yokohama National University)・・8:508:50--9:10 C.1.2 9:10 C.1.2 Software Defined Radio; Current State/Future Directions of Software Defined Radio; Current State/Future Directions of The Technology and the Need for International Coordination on ReThe Technology and the Need for International Coordination on Regulationgulation(invited paper), (invited paper), Mark CummingsMark Cummings ((EnViaEnVia, USA), USA)・・9:109:10--9:30 C.1.3 9:30 C.1.3 Scalable Architecture for Computationally Intensive Software Scalable Architecture for Computationally Intensive Software Radio SystemsRadio Systems (invited paper)(invited paper)Stephen PearceStephen Pearce and David and David MurotakeMurotake (Mercury Computer Systems,USA)(Mercury Computer Systems,USA)・・9:309:30--10:00 Break10:00 Break・・10:0010:00--10:20 C.1.4 10:20 C.1.4 A Solution for Regulatory Issues with SDRA Solution for Regulatory Issues with SDR (invited paper)(invited paper)Nigel Nigel JefferiesJefferies, Walter , Walter TuttlebeeTuttlebee, and Klaus , and Klaus MoessnerMoessner ((VodafoneVodafone, VCE, UK), VCE, UK)・・10:2010:20--10:40 C.1.5 10:40 C.1.5 Channel Diversity in Mobile Software Radio ReceiversChannel Diversity in Mobile Software Radio Receivers: : Harald SchneppHarald Schnepp, , JohannJohann--Friedrich LuyFriedrich Luy, Peter , Peter RusserRusser ((DaimerChryslerDaimerChrysler, TU , TU MuenchenMuenchen, Germany), Germany)


189



Research Trend in 2Research Trend in 2ndnd StageStageAfter 2001 (from Activities of IEICE SRAfter 2001 (from Activities of IEICE SR--TG)TG)–– Developed key technologiesDeveloped key technologies

•• Software Processing (adaptive) Antenna and SpaceSoftware Processing (adaptive) Antenna and Space--Time ProcessingTime Processing•• Broadband and multipurpose analogBroadband and multipurpose analog--toto--digital converterdigital converter•• Software Software Reconfigurable Reconfigurable LOGICLOGIC•• Direct Converters for low power consumption and high Direct Converters for low power consumption and high reconfigurabilityreconfigurability•• RF Analog Processing and LOGICRF Analog Processing and LOGIC

–– Solutions for problems when we introduce software radioSolutions for problems when we introduce software radio•• Security for hardware and softwareSecurity for hardware and software

•• Security for software downloadSecurity for software download

•• Problems when certification bodies give license for software radProblems when certification bodies give license for software radio equipments: io equipments: New Type Approval SchemeNew Type Approval Scheme

•• Electrical labelingElectrical labeling

–– New applicationsNew applications–– Development of prototypeDevelopment of prototype


190



Technical certification frameworkTechnical certification framework--PresentPresent--

Certification Agency

Performs the test for technical

conformity issues and controls the

certificate

Terminal Manufacturer

RadioEquipment

Users

UserTerminal

Sales and purchaseApplication and certificationfor technical regulation conformity

The hardware and software for the radio are integral and The hardware and software for the radio are integral and inseparable inseparable ------ Hardware Defined Radio (HDR)Hardware Defined Radio (HDR)


191



Technical certification frameworkTechnical certification framework--Near FutureNear Future--




certificate

Terminal Manufacturer Radio Equipment

Users

UserTerminal

Sales and purchaseApplication and certificationfor technical regulation conformity

The hardware and software for the radio are not integral and sepThe hardware and software for the radio are not integral and separable.arable.Software manufacturer and hardware manufacturer belong to a Software manufacturer and hardware manufacturer belong to a common company or a common alliance.common company or a common alliance.

Software

Hardware


192



Technical certification frameworkTechnical certification framework--FutureFuture--




certificate

Software Manufacturer Radio Equipment

Users

User TerminalSales and purchase

Software

Hardware Manufacturer Radio Equipment Certified hardware

and software are integrated at the user

Software

Hardware

Hardware

Application and certificationfor technical

regulation conformity

HardwareFlow

SoftwareFlow


193



Configuration of the SDR TerminalConfiguration of the SDR Terminal

Connecters

FPGAAD

DA

FPGA

FPGA

FPGA

AD

DA

AD

DA

AD

DA

RFcnt.

RFcnt.

Connecters

CLK

CLK

MainCPU

SubCPU

CPU boards FPGA boards

Rch

LchEEPROM

RF boards


194



Security problems for SDR1. Secure Download: What is a secure way to download and reconfigure a software to a SDR terminal?

2. Secure Operation: Is there a way to prevent hacking operation in a SDR terminal?

3. Secure Certification: How can we approve a type of SDR terminals (type-approval) by radio regulation?


195



OverviewOverview

Demands for Software Defined Radio (SDR) or Demands for Software Defined Radio (SDR) or ReconfigurableReconfigurable Radio and NetworkRadio and NetworkResearching Bodies for SDR in JapanResearching Bodies for SDR in JapanTrend of R&D for SDR in JapanTrend of R&D for SDR in JapanAnticipation for Future SDRAnticipation for Future SDR


196



NICTNICT’’ss New Generation Mobile (New Generation Mobile (NeGeMoNeGeMo) Network Project) Network ProjectSeamless accessSeamless access to the public and private networks (ex. to the public and private networks (ex. Internet) through heterogeneous radio access networks Internet) through heterogeneous radio access networks ((RANsRANs))Secure service (application) handoverSecure service (application) handover between public and between public and private networksprivate networks

Cellular phone network

Intelligent Transport Systems(ITS) network

Home network

Broadcasting networkWireless LAN network Multimode terminal


197



When software radio is applied to new When software radio is applied to new generation mobile communication systemsgeneration mobile communication systems

BSBSBS APAP

Internet

AP APWLAN

.11a .11b/gSDR

Terminal

System handover

mode

System handover

mode

Multiple service mode

3G2G

L2Sw / L3Sw / Mobile IP


198



To realize To realize NeGeMoNeGeMo (Beyond 3G)(Beyond 3G)System System ““selectionselection”” ( System handover)( System handover) modemode–– Soft handover mode between different systems Soft handover mode between different systems –– Hard handover mode between different systemsHard handover mode between different systems

System System ““multiplexingmultiplexing”” modemode–– Multiplexing between different systems Multiplexing between different systems –– Multiplexing between same systems Multiplexing between same systems

System System ““avoidanceavoidance”” modemode

Software Software Reconfigurable Reconfigurable Radio and NetworkRadio and Network1. 1. Broadband & MultiBroadband & Multi--band for Multiband for Multi--mode Servicemode Service2. 2. ReRe--configurability configurability of Hardware with Softwareof Hardware with Software3. 3. Secure Secure DownloadabilityDownloadability4. 4. Adaptive SensingAdaptive Sensing Radio Environment Radio Environment


199



Beyond 3G Beyond 3G ＆＆ Hotspot System Based on Hotspot System Based on Software Software ReconfigurableReconfigurable Radio and NetworkRadio and Network

Internet

Core NetworkSegment Network

(Bus type)Segment Network

(Star type)

SDR-basedAccess point

(AP)

To other network

Edge router

Switch

High mobilitySDR-basedterminal

Sub-Segment Network(ROF type)

Control AP

Local AP


200



50Mbps

Mobility

Indoor

Nomadic

IMT-2000(3G-cellular)

4G-Cellular

2M 10MData Speed

Targeting UWB Systems (Data rate vs Mobility speed)

GSMPDCPHS

Bluetooth5.2GHz-WirelessAccess

UWB SystemsPedestrian

100Mbps

WPAN, RADAR,

Sensor network etc


201



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010

-1

100 Spectrum of Single Gaussian Monocycle Pulse

Frequency [GHz]

Power Density[dB]

-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5-0.5

0

0.5

1Time Domain view of Single Gaussian Monocycle

Time [ns]

Amplitude

Rx Pulse Shapes


Rx Spetral Shapes


202



> Interference with coexisting radio systems

The proposed compatibility model was subject to interference calculation under the following conditions to assess interference by a single UWB device with other radio communication systems (test details shown separately). • FCC transmission power mask: -41.3 dBm/MHz at 3.1 – 10.6 GHz • Free space propagation• Wall attenuation: 12 dB (assuming indoor use;

outdoor use: four times greater separate) • Average power and peak power evaluation

Used Cases and Interference to Existing Systems> Proposed used cases

The main specifications of proposed used cases in the compatibility model are as follows:

• Indoor usage (wall attenuation: 12 dB) • Users density: 3,000 devices per km2

• Active ratio: averaging 1% – 5% on per time basis • Operation on board an aircraft, a ship or a satellite is prohibited


203



Working Group 1 (WG 1) – UWB characteristicsChairman: William Gamble (USA)Mandate: To collect and document key technical and operational characteristics of UWB;

Working Group 2 (WG 2) - UWB compatibilityChairman: Yves Ollivier (France).Mandate: To address compatibility issuesDeliverables: 1 One or more ITU-R Recommendation(s) on compatibility

between UWB devices and Radiocommunication services.2 ITU-R Report summarizing the results of technical studies on

compatibility between UWB devices and Radiocommunicationservices.


204



Working Group 3 (WG 3) - UWB spectrum management frameworkChairman: Christoph Wöste (Germany).Mandate: to prepare a spectrum management framework intended as guidance to administrations considering the introduction of UWB devices.

Working Group 4 (WG4) - UWB measurement techniquesChairman: Tetsuya Yasui ( NiCT, Japan)Mandate: To develop appropriate measurement techniques for UWB emissionsDeliverables:Develop one or more ITU-R Recommendation providing guidance to administrations how to measure emissions from devices using UWB technology.


205



Date and place: Geneva from 21-24 January 2003Attendees:　85 delegatesrepresenting 17 Administrations,

18 Sector Members including NiCT,Input documents:　44 input documentsOutput (Temporary) documents:　23 temporary documents

ITU-R TG1/8: Summery of 1st meeting

ITU-R TG1/8: Summery of 2nd meetingDate and place:　Geneva from 27-31 October 2003Attendees:　118 delegatesrepresenting: 26 Administrations

18 Sector Members including NiCTInput documents: 57 input documentsOutput (Temporary) documents: 37 temporary documents


206



Traditional UWB（Impulse Radio, Carrier-free)1. Modulation

Carrier FreeUsing a train of impulsive signals

(1) PPM(Pulse Position Modulation)(2) Bi-phase Modulation

– DS(Direct Sequence)，TH(Time Hopping)

(3) PAM(Pulse Amplitude Modulation)(4) PSM(Pulse Shape Modulation) using orthogonal pulses2. Multiple Access2. Multiple Access(1) (1) TH/CDMA



207



Japanese Regulatory Schedule on Japanese Regulatory Schedule on Commercial UWB SystemsCommercial UWB Systems

May, 2002: NICT(CRL) established UWB technology Institute.August 2002: MMAC established UWB committeefor commercial UWB WPAN and home-link.

Sept. 2002: NICT(CRL) established UWB Consortium.Nov. 2002: MPHPT organized UWB regulatory committee.March, May, July, Sept.,Nov. 2003, Jan., March, May and July 2004:

NICT(CRL） and UWB consortium proposed a Soft－SpectrumAdaptation(SSA) scheme for IEEE 802.15 TG3a.

Feb., 2004: MPHPT released an interim report of UWB Radio regulation.3rd Q, 2004: MPHPT will partially approve a commercial UWB regulation.


208



2.4 Implementation realization of SSA-UWB transceiver CMOS-MMIC

Press Release by NiCT (CRL):

“Tokyo, Japan, March 15, 2004 – NICT ( former CRL) today announced an achievement for having developed a world’s first Ultra Wideband (UWB) transceiver modules using 0.18-micron CMOS-MMIC (3mm2)technology, realizing maximum data rate of 320 Mbps jointly with a number of industry members in UWB Consortium. These UWB transceiver modules can be applied to Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA), not only for impulse radio transfer but also for multi-band OFDMtransfer etc. It will be used for high data rate transmission evaluation, interference avoidance and UWB regulation establishment. Detailed information are expected to be published at the Joint UWBST&IWUWBS 2004, Kyoto, in May 2004. ”


209



Remained Research Issues for Remained Research Issues for SoftwareSoftware ReconfigurableReconfigurable RadioRadio

1. Reconfigurable Hardware Architecture: Mass Production

of Reconfigurable LOGICs

2. API among Several Modules:

Description Language, Range of Standardization

3. Inter-operable OS: Multiple Processors & CORBA

4. Various Network Architectures: System Handover

5. Secure Protocol of Download Services

6. End-to-end Reconfigurabilty via Various Networks


210



1. Secure Download: What is a secure way to download and reconfigure a software to a SDR terminal?

2. Secure Operation: Is there a way to prevent hacking operation in a SDR terminal?

3. Secure Certification: How can we change radio regulation based on type-approval so as to match with SDR commercial products?

ソフトウェア無線における情報セキュリティ問題


211



SDR versus Internet DownloadSDR versus Internet Download

yesyesyesyesnonnon--repudiationrepudiationyes yes yesyessecrecysecrecyyes yes yesyesauthenticityauthenticityyesyesyesyesintegrityintegrity

InternetInternetSDR SDR 1.1.Security needsSecurity needs

not mandatorynot mandatorymandatorymandatoryApproval authorityApproval authorityyesyesyesyesProviderProvider

yesyesyesyesUserUser

InternetInternetSDRSDR2.2.Parties involvedParties involved


212



SDR versus Internet DownloadSDR versus Internet Download

yesyesyesyesDigital signatureDigital signatureyes yes yesyesHash functions Hash functions yes yes yesyesPublicPublic--key cipherskey ciphersyesyesyesyesSecretSecret--key ciphers key ciphers

InternetInternetSDR SDR 3.3.Requested Requested cryptographic primitivescryptographic primitives

usuallyusuallynot requirednot required

mandatorymandatoryApproval labelApproval label

usually usually not requirednot required

mandatorymandatoryUser inaccessibility to the User inaccessibility to the security Systemsecurity System

InternetInternetSDRSDR4.4.Dedicated requirementsDedicated requirements


213



UWBUWBセンサーネットワークセンサーネットワーク((IEEE802.15.4a)IEEE802.15.4a)のの要求条件要求条件

・・LocationLocation--awarenessawareness（（MandatoryMandatory））数数1010cmcm程度の精度を持つ測位技術程度の精度を持つ測位技術

・・ビットレートビットレート

＊＊Individual link bit rate: peer to peerIndividual link bit rate: peer to peerで最で最低低11kbps @ PHY _SAPkbps @ PHY _SAP＊＊Aggregated bit rate:data collectorAggregated bit rate:data collectorは最低は最低11Mbps @ PHY_ SAPMbps @ PHY_ SAPのデータ捕捉が可能のデータ捕捉が可能であること（緊急事態や、同時に各ノードであること（緊急事態や、同時に各ノード情報を更新する場合に備えて）情報を更新する場合に備えて）

・・距離距離

＊＊00--3030mm（（数数100100mmといった長距離の要求といった長距離の要求もあるが、距離を伸ばすとリンク内のノーもあるが、距離を伸ばすとリンク内のノード数が増加するためド数が増加するため、、data collectordata collectorが捕捉が捕捉すべきデータレートを高くする必要が生じすべきデータレートを高くする必要が生じる）る）

・・共存と干渉耐性共存と干渉耐性

＊＊既存システムからの影響、既存システム既存システムからの影響、既存システムへの影響を考慮したへの影響を考慮したPHYPHY設計設計

＊＊工場のような高マルチパス環境、高ノイ工場のような高マルチパス環境、高ノイズ環境でも動作可能であることズ環境でも動作可能であること

　・　・QoSQoS＊＊信頼性を維持するために強力な誤り信頼性を維持するために強力な誤り訂正技術が必要訂正技術が必要

＊＊その他に次の項目を要求するその他に次の項目を要求する::―　実時間通信接続―　実時間通信接続

―　―　ノード間同期ノード間同期((主に局所化）主に局所化）

―　―　緊急時の高速対応の容量確保緊急時の高速対応の容量確保

・・消費電力消費電力

＊＊MACMACととPHYPHYを含めて、充電なしで数ヶを含めて、充電なしで数ヶ月から数年間の利用可能月から数年間の利用可能

・・形状形状

＊＊センサネットワークやセンサネットワークやRFRFタグへのタグへの応用も可能であること応用も可能であること

・・モビリティモビリティ（（MandatoryMandatory））＊＊歩行、作業用運搬車程度ならトラッ歩行、作業用運搬車程度ならトラッキング可能であること、オプションとキング可能であること、オプションとしてより速い速度してより速い速度

・・アンテナアンテナ

＊無指向性＊無指向性アンテナで頑強であることアンテナで頑強であること

・・RegulationRegulation＊＊altalt--PHYPHYは各国・地域の規制を満たは各国・地域の規制を満たすことすこと


214



ユビキタスユビキタスUWBUWB共同研究の成果イメージ共同研究の成果イメージ

UWB無線端末I/F装置（YRC）を組込

T-Engine搭載UC　（YRP ユビキタスネットワーク研究所：坂村教授）にUWB無線UNITを実装したシステム

UWBノードによる超低消費電力アドホックネットワーク（YRC）

全体システムを使った実証実験の実施

YRP ユビキタスネットワーク研究所とNICT 横須賀無線センターと中心とした共同研究開発

大規模な病院、大学、イベント会場、レジャー施設などにおけるアドホックUWBネットワークのアプリケーションを実現


215



日時と場所: 2005年5月18-27日、米国サンディエゴ　　日本：情報通信研究機構NICT から寄書（全体:８６件）

WG1の特性解析関連：２件　　　　WG２の周波数共用：２件

WG４の測定関連：１件

　　NICT と UWBコンソシアムから１２名参加（全体１４６名）

(1) WG1（特性）：Emissionに関する定義、変調法に関してNICT貢献、スペクトルマスク(欧州CEPT,米国FCCマスクなど併記）

(2) WG2（共用）：共用勧告案がまとまりつつあり、日本寄書の干渉軽減技術が

ほぼ認められた。(3) WG3（フレームワーク）：勧告案が固まった。(4) WG4（測定法）：日本寄書が概ね採用された。

ITU-R TG1/8 今後の予定第６回（最終回）:2005年10月13-19日スイス、ジュネーブその後：親委員会SG1:10月24-25日UWBに関する電波法の国際協調を目指す。

ITU-R TG1/8: 第５回におけるNICTの役割


216



216


DSDS--UWB Modulation/DemodulationUWB Modulation/DemodulationModulation.Modulation.

Demodulation.Demodulation.

GaussianFilter

GaussianFilter

LOFc~4GHz

LOFc~4GHz

LPFLPF ADCADC

LOFc~4GHz

LOFc~4GHz


217



217


Chirp/DeChirp/De--chirp Processingchirp Processing

Time

Am

plitu

de

Pulse signal

DeDe--chirp is realized by doing correlated processing.chirp is realized by doing correlated processing.

Cor

rela

toro

utpu

tTime shift[s]

Frequency

Time

Freq

uenc

yA

mpl

itude

Time

Correlated processing

B: 3-dB bandwidth of chirpT: time interval of chirp

T

Chirp can be done by passing a pulseChirp can be done by passing a pulse signal through a DDL.signal through a DDL.


218



218


Why CSWhy CS--UWB is needed?UWB is needed?

-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.40

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Cross-correlation coefficient

CS-UWBDS-UWB

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Cro

ss-c

orre

latio

n co

effic

ient

Normalized time difference


219



Concept of onConcept of on--board ACSboard ACS・・TypeType--Approval function in Approval function in LicenceLicence--CertificateCertificate--Body Body

can be carried out with can be carried out with OnOn--Board, OnBoard, On--Chip, OnChip, On--Line, and RealLine, and Real--time.time.

・・Each Each reconfigurablereconfigurable modulemodule in SDR architecture in SDR architecture can be approved on board or on chip.can be approved on board or on chip.

・・ACS consists of ACS consists of tamper resistant hybrid hardware tamper resistant hybrid hardware and softwareand software..

OnOn--Board Automatic Certificating Board Automatic Certificating System (ACS) for SDRSystem (ACS) for SDR


220



RadioRadio Resource Management in Network Using Resource Management in Network Using SDR SDR BasestationBasestation and Terminalsand Terminals

one one SDR SDR BasestationBasestation(BS)(BS)Several TerminalsSeveral Terminals–– SDR and conventional SDR and conventional

terminals are mixedterminals are mixedDownlinkDownlink

!|,,,

|,,,),(

21

21

NymmmMNxsssS

MSG

y

x

≤=≤=

=

L

LG : NetworkS : Set of schemes in GM : Set of combinations among elements of S

BS (SDR)

Terminal1Scheme s1

Terminal2SDR

TerminalNScheme s2

TerminalnScheme sx

……

mi = (Scheme of terminal1, Scheme of terminal2, ・・・, Scheme of terminalN)


221




222



UWB Technology Institute in NICT(CRL)UWB Technology Institute in NICT(CRL)>>　　AimAim1.1. Promote R&DPromote R&D of UWB Commercial Systems and Its Related of UWB Commercial Systems and Its Related

Technologies Technologies 2.2. Transfer the TechnologiesTransfer the Technologies to Industry by to Industry by Cooperation with Cooperation with

Industry and AcademiaIndustry and Academia3.3. Modify Radio Regulation and Establish Guidelines and Modify Radio Regulation and Establish Guidelines and

StandardStandard

>>　　Date: Date: May 1, 2002 May 1, 2002

>>　　Place:Place:NICTNICT(former CRL:Communication Research Laboratory)(former CRL:Communication Research Laboratory) in in YRP YRP (Yokosuka Research Park)(Yokosuka Research Park)

>>　　Director: Director: Ryuji KohnoRyuji Kohno


223



Motivation for UWB research in NICTMotivation for UWB research in NICT

Focus has turned to wireless communications capable of providingFocus has turned to wireless communications capable of providingbroadband communication environment any time anywhere. Above broadband communication environment any time anywhere. Above all, UWB is attracting attention for all, UWB is attracting attention for ubiquitous wireless systemubiquitous wireless system. . Therefore, NICT established Therefore, NICT established UWB Technology InstituteUWB Technology Institute (Director: (Director: Prof. Prof. Ryuji KOHNORyuji KOHNO) in ) in YokosukaYokosuka Radio Communications Radio Communications Research Center in MayResearch Center in May, 2002., 2002.

NICT:National institute of Information and Communications Technology

Duty: Fundamental or public R&D regarding information technology, communication technology and radio technology

Budget: Funded mainly by Japanese government


224



Study items for UWB technologyStudy items for UWB technology

NICT has a lot of study items for UWB.NICT has a lot of study items for UWB.For instance as follows;For instance as follows;A)A) Optimization of Optimization of communication method and protocolcommunication method and protocol

with regard to communication and rangingwith regard to communication and rangingB)B) Implementation of Implementation of circuit and devicecircuit and device to generate to generate

shaped pulse with shaped pulse with SSA (soft spectrum adaptation),SSA (soft spectrum adaptation),and UWB antennaand UWB antenna

C)C) PropagationPropagation characteristics and characteristics and measurementmeasurement for for UWB signal in wide frequency bandwidth and lower UWB signal in wide frequency bandwidth and lower powerpower

D)D) Interference Interference with wireless systems sharing the same with wireless systems sharing the same frequency band frequency band


225



NICT UWB ProjectNICT UWB Project

NICTNICT--UWB projectUWB projectA)A) This project is advanced by the collaboration This project is advanced by the collaboration

with related study groups in NICT in the with related study groups in NICT in the leadership of UWB Technology Group. leadership of UWB Technology Group.

B)B) Several researchers in NICT as well as Several researchers in NICT as well as excellent researchers in the field of UWB excellent researchers in the field of UWB study participate in this project.study participate in this project.

C)C) Collaboration with academia, industry and Collaboration with academia, industry and international forum is promoted positively.international forum is promoted positively.

Date post:	15-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	truongduong
View:	222 times
Download:	4 times

Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB Latest Wireless ... · 1. 3rd Generation Mobile Communication...

Documents