© 2016 Nokia 1
Future X: Building the digital
networks, systems and
platforms for the automation of
everything and the creation of
time
Marcus Weldon
President of Bell Labs & CTO of Nokia
2 © Nokia 2016
The revolution
Tech. Revolution Enabling Technology Connectivity
Financial (1600 − 1740) Stocks & Bonds Banking & Stock Market Infrastructure
1st Industrial (1780 − 1840) Steam Engine & Iron Production Rail and Shipping Networks
2nd Industrial (1880 − 1920) Steel & Chemicals Extended Transportation Networks Networks
Scientific-Technical (1940 − 1970) Analog & Digital Signal processing Digital Communications Networks
Information (1985 − 2015) The Web, Cloud computing & Mobile Internet & Broadband Access
Automation of Everything (2015 −) Digital interfaces & Data analysis Future X Network
Technological Revolution (def): Interconnection of new systems and technologies
We are here
+ capacity to profoundly transform economies & society
3 © Nokia 2016
1.84
2.41
1.77 1.79
2.82
1.62
(1.0)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
1870-1920 1920-1970 1970-2014
Output per person Output per hour
Source: Robert Gordon, The rise and fall of American growth
The quest for digital value
4 © Nokia 2016
The end and the beginning
Past/Present Future
Business
Solutions Technology-driven Human/Business-driven
Driver Consumer (GB) Industry (BW, Latency, SLA)
Innovation Speed Per decade (new services)
Per day (new apps)
Technology
Architecture Heavily Centralized (100ms, 10M) Massively Distributed (1ms, 1G)
Flexibility Limited (Provisioned)
Large (Software definable)
Sharing Static and Limited (HW VPNs )
Dynamic and Infinite (SW Slices)
Industry Dynamic
Investment Singular (Operator only)
Multiple & Cooperative (Many contributors/new players)
Standards Definitive Iterative
Partnership Limited w/APIs Co-design w/Open specs
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Enterprises & Verticals
Consumers
The new digital era Digitization, delivery & sharing of:
Digitization, distribution & optimization of:
6 © Nokia 2016
Latency matters …
0.1 1 10 100
10
100
1000
10000
(km)
RTT (ms)
Light propagation
Electric grid control
Autonomous vehicles
vRAN
Haptic VR & tele-operation
Cloud-assisted driving
BW-efficient 360° video
Hi-Res cloud gaming
4K video streaming
VoIP/video conferencing
Web page load
Vestibulo-ocular reflex
IM chat & bots
High-Frequency trading
Sprint start
0.25
1
2
4
8
7
5 20
10 100
10 40
20 90
120
50 1900
100
150
150
50
1000
4000
ICP
cl
oud
Cor
e cl
oud
Edg
e cl
oud
Service latency requirements (in ms)
Max tolerable networking delay
Max application delay for processing
Human response times (for reference)
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7 © Nokia 2016
Bandwidth matters …
UHD & Unicast 388
887
3,360
5,903
GB/User/Mo
2020
2016
2025
171
272
405
490
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
GB/User/Mo
92 GB/user/Month
VR/AR
We are
here
~5x
~60x
8 © Nokia 2016
Latency & bandwidth matter …
Edge Cloud Core Cloud
1ms 10ms 100ms 1s 10s 100us 10us
1kbps
10kbps
100kbps
1Mbps
10Mbps
100Mbps
1Gbps
10Gbps Cloud RAN
360
video (hi-res)
Electric grid control
Cloud-assisted driving
Autonomous vehicles
Comms & Chatbots
4k Video streaming
Sensors
Home Sensors
Haptic VR
Remote training
360
video (free viewpoint)
Remote control vehicles HD Video
streaming
360
video (lo-res)
Ban
dwid
th
Latency
Video VR/AR
People & Things
System Control
Virtual RAN
360
VR/AR
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9 © Nokia 2016
A word on 5G …
F. Boccardi, Bell Labs, IEEE Comms. Magazine, 201402
2G-4G: “People & Video”
Ultra-broadband: “VR/AR”
Ultra-low latency: “System Control”
Forbidden region: “Shannon Limit”
Pre-5G R1
R2
Ultra-narrowband: “Things”
R3
R4
R5
10 © Nokia 2016
Summary: The 100yr, 100x shift
Enabled by: Local real estate, fiber, trust, optimized HW/SW network platforms , programmability, privacy preserving, & secure
Enabled by: Global reach and power; SW platforms for business model disruption, stability, non-privacy preserving & inadequately secure
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Compute Tech
IP Networks
Broadband Access
Compute
Tech
IP Networks
Broadband Access
Core Cloud Edge Cloud
100s ms, 10’s Mbps 1 day, $1000, 10B
1ms, 1Gbps 10 years, $1, 1000B+
Devices Things
11 © Nokia 2016
The 8 domains of the new digital reality
The emergence of the edge cloud for low latency and high performance
The emergence of the network OS to enable programmability and network federation
Pervasive cognitive capabilities for operating networks & systems
The emergence of new trust models & security architectures
Universal Adaptive Core
Smart Network Fabric
Programmable Network OS
Augmented Cognition Systems Dynamic Data Security
Adaptable Security
Digital
Trust
Creating dynamically reconfigurable IP + optical metro and core networks
Converged Edge Cloud
3
2
Net OS
Net OS
Net OS 5
6 8
Access-agnostic core for seamless user experience
4 The creation of ultra-small and ultra-close access nodes
1
Massive Scale Access
Scalable
Remote
Massive
MIMO
Network attach
Session mgmt.
Policy control
Digital value platforms augmented by advanced network capabilities
7
Digital Value Platforms
Net OS
12 © Nokia 2016
The New Architecture
Converged Edge Cloud
2 Software defined, end-end
Smart Network Fabric 3
Universal Adaptive Core
4 Access agnostic converged core
modular, decomposed network functions
Common data layer
Programmable Network OS
5 Dynamic customer services
Dynamic network optimization
Management &
Orchestration SDN NFV
Multi-operator federation
self-optimized coverage & capacity
Massive Scale Access
1
Long fibers
Access Remote
Short waves & wires
Digital Value Platforms
7 ANP, CSP, ICP, Vertical apps
External data sources
Open APIs
Augmented Cognition Systems
6 Machine learning Analytics
Humans & Machines
Dynamic Data Security
8
• New trust framework • Ecosystem sharing • Mass edge monitoring
13 © Nokia 2016
The New Value (1): Time (& Trust)
Analog
with Trust (in Privacy &
Security)
Create Time (by Prediction &
Automation)
Digital
Free Wifi
14 © Nokia 2016
The New Value (2): Global-Local Equilibrium
Global Forces Local Forces Optimized Discovery of Digital Content
Massive Brand Power
Generalization
Personal Data Monetization
Economies of Cloud Platform Scale
Optimized Delivery of Digital Content
Trusted Brand Relationship
Personalization
Personal Privacy Protection
Economies of Secure Network Platform
15 © Nokia 2016
Media & entertainment
Data & knowledge discovery
Comms, commerce, context & Content
Vertical & infra automation
VR/AR
Expert assistance Supply-demand matching
Critical control platforms
Needs - Massive scale content delivery - Dynamic bandwidth control
Needs - Massive access capacity - Low latency edge processing
Needs - Global network coverage - Immediate response
Needs - Global network coverage - Network-enhanced trust
Needs - Global network coverage - Uplink capacity for sharing
Needs - Global network coverage - Immediate response
Needs - Latency/reliability constraints - Control systems in edge cloud
Needs - Tera-scale access and core - Network slicing for verticals
Smart city
Smart home
Health care
Self-driving
Industry
Smart grids
The New Value (3): Digital Value Platforms
16 © Nokia 2016
The human (networked) revolution
1. Physical Reality 2. Global Physical Networks
4. Digital Reality 3. Global-Local Digital Networks
Augment
Connect
Augment
Connect
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