FUTURE VISIONS OF AHMED HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

ANNUAL STUDENT MAGAZINE

2015-16ARCHITECTURE CIVIL ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS

AHMED HASSAN

POLYTECHNIC

RECOGNISED

SKETCHES BY AHP STUDENTS SKETCHES BY AHP STUDENTSAHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-1617 18AHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-16

Engineering is the art of

modeling materials we do

not wholly understand,

into shapes we cannot

precisely analyse, so as to

withstand forces we

cannot properly assess, in

such a way that the public

has no reason to suspect

the extent of our

ignorance.

TECHNOLOGYSurveyors have been around for centuries. While their tools

and techniques have changed over me the underlying

principles of measurement and mapping are sll the same

today.

The advancement of new technology means Surveyors can now

take measurements and report data with increased speed and

accuracy. Modern Surveyors get to use the latest technology to

get their job done every day.

Surveyors use equipment like total staons, worth upwards of

$50K each, to electronically calculate distances 100s of metres

away, to cenmetre accuracy. Roboc versions are also

available, allowing Surveyors to single-handedly operate a total

staon by remote control.

3D LASER SCANNER3D laser scanners are used to understand and interpret the

shape of things such as buildings or land by collecng clouds of

points to create digital 3-D models. These instruments are used

by surveyors to provide data to architects to accurately visualise

the land they are going to build or design on.

SATELLITE POSITIONING SYSTEMSSatellite posioning systems allow the measurement of

features or points anywhere in the world, from space. The data

collected by these systems can be used to control large

infrastructure projects or provide the informaon for In-car

navigaon systems.

GIS SOFTWAREGIS soware is used to capture and analyze data to create

digital maps of areas. The high-tech soware is used to create

programs such as google maps, used by over 100 million people

a month.

DEEP TOWSDeep tows are deep ocean oor survey systems (oen a AUV

autonomous underwater vehicle) that can be ouied with

sonar or cameras and towed through the water at low speeds

at the end of a cable normally measuring several thousand

meters in length.

ADVANCEMENT IN SURVERYING ADVANCEMENT IN SURVERYINGAHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-1621 22AHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-16

DRONESDrones or UAVs Unmanned Aerial Vehicle come in many

dierent models and sizes dependent on their applicaon. You

may be familiar with its military applicaons, but drones are

starng to be used for commercial and even recreaonal

purposes. Theyre much cheaper and more nimble than a

helicopter or other convenonal aircras but with the exact

same advantages of aerial photography and mapping.

THE GEOSPATIAL REVOLUTIONWhile most of us dont realise it, Surveying and Geospaal

Science are elds that have aected our lives in tremendous

ways and will connue to do so. The Geospaal Revoluon

Project is an integrated public media and outreach iniave

about the world of digital mapping and how it is changing the

way we think, behave, and interact. It features a web-based

serial release of eight video episodes; each telling an intriguing

geospaal story.

Surveyors have been around for centuries. While their tools

and techniques have changed over me the underlying

principles of measurement and mapping are sll the same

today.

The advancement of new technology means Surveyors can now

take measurements and report data with increased speed and

accuracy. Modern Surveyors get to use the latest technology to

get their job done every day. Surveyors use equipment like total

staons, worth upwards of $50K each, to electronically

calculate distances 100s of metres away, to cenmetre

accuracy. Roboc versions are also available, allowing Surveyors

to single-handedly operate a total staon by remote control.

GEOSPATIAL SYSTEM

TOTAL ROBOTIC SURVEYING SYSTEM

10 MODERN WONDERS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 10 MODERN WONDERS OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGAHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-1623 24AHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-16

AKASHI KAIKYO BRIDGE

Also known as the Pearl Bridge, is a stunning sample of the

modern civil engineering. Located in Japan, this bridge is the

worlds largest cable bridge and there are no pillars for the

supports. It has the longest central span of any suspension

bridge in the world, at 1,991 metres (6,532 ). It was completed

in 1998. The bridge links the city of Kobe on the mainland of

Honshu to Iwaya on Awaji Island by crossing the busy Akashi

Strait. It carries part of the Honshu-Shikoku Highway.

MILLAU VIADUCT

The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the

valley of the river Tarn near Millau in southern France. It is the

tallest bridge in the world with one masts summit at 343.0

metres (1,125 ) above the base of the structure. It is the 12th

highest bridge deck in the world, being 270 metres (890 )

between the road deck and the ground below. It was completed

on 14 December 2004. The bridge received the 2006 IABSE

Outstanding Structure Award.

USS GEORGE H.W. BUSH (CVN-77)

USS George H. W. Bush, its Construcon began in 2001 at the

Northrop Grumman Newport News shipyard and was completed

in 2009 at a cost of $6.2 billion. She is home ported at Naval

Staon Norfolk, Virginia. USS George H. W. Bush stretches 1,092

feet and displaces over 100,000 tons, making her one of the

worlds largest warships (though she is slightly shorter than USS

Enterprise) but equipped with latest technology which was not

used before. Her top speed exceeds more than 30 knots and it is

powered with two nuclear reactors, she can operate for more

than 20 years without refueling.

NORTH EUROPEAN GAS PIPELINE

Nord Stream or North European Gas Pipeline is an oshore

natural gas pipeline from Vyborg in Russia to Greifswald in

Germany. It is the longest sub-sea pipeline in the world,

surpassing the Langeled pipeline. This project includes two

parallel lines. The rst line of the pipeline was laid by May 2011

and was inaugurated on 8 November 2011. The second line was

laid in 20112012 and was inaugurated on 8 October 2012. At

1,222 kilometres (759 mi) length.

BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM

Worlds largest steel structure, Beijing Naonal Stadium also

known as the Birds Nest is a stadium in Beijing, China. This

astonishing structure looks more like a public work of art than

an Olympic stadium. Designed by the Swiss architects Jacques

Herzog and Pierre de Meuron to be used throughout the 2008

Summer Olympics and Paralympics.

BAILONG ELEVATOR

The highest and heaviest outdoor elevator in the world, The

Bailong Elevator is a glass elevator built onto the side of a huge

cli in the Wulingyuan area of Zhangjiajie, China that is 1,070

feet (330 m) high. Also known as Hundred Dragons Elevator,

the sight-seeing elevator, which takes two minutes to ride from

the base to the top, can carry 50 people in one trip with a total

of 18,000 people daily. Construcon of the elevator began in

October 1999 and was nished in 2002 for public use.

PALM ISLANDS

Here is another great example of the Modern Engineerings

success, these islands are the worlds biggest arcial islands in

Dubai, United Arab Emirates. There are 1500 villas in it and all

are on the arcial beaches. The islands are the Palm Jumeirah,

the Palm Jebel Ali and the Palm Deira.

EUROTUNNEL

This is an amazing sample of the Modern Engineering, this

tunnel start from England and End in France. Interest thing is

that this is in water. The length of this tunnel is 31 miles and 23

of which is in the sea.

THREE GORGES DAM

The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric dam that spans the

Yangtze River by the town of Sandouping, located in China. The

Three Gorges Dam is the worlds largest power staon in terms

of installed capacity (22,500 MW). Not only does it produce

electricity for the area, it also increases shipping capacity and

provides ood storage space. Construcon of the dam began in

1994; it opened for commercial operaon in 2008.

PAN-STARRS

PAN-STARRS is an acronym for Panoramic Survey Telescope &

Rapid Response System. It is an innovave design for a wide-

eld imaging facility developed at the University of Hawaiis

Instute for Astronomy. In order to observe enre available sky,

the engineers combined relavely small collecon of mirrors

with a large digital camera consequently produced an

economical observing system. The prototype single-mirror

telescope PS1 is now operaonal on Mount Haleakala; scienc

research program is being undertaken by the PS1 Science

Consorum, a collaboraon between ten research organizaons

in four countries. A key objecve of Pan-STARRS is to idenfy

and characterize Earth-approaching objects, both asteroids &

comets that might create a danger to our planet. Its also ideal

for research in several other astronomical areas, parcularly

those which involve an aspect of me inconsistency. Pan-STARRS

make it to see the Objects in the Inner Solar System and it is also

capable to see the object outer the Solar System and now we

can see Galaxy properes beer than ever before.

TECHNOLOGY IN ARCHITECTURE AHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-1625

TECHNOLOGY IN ARCHITECTURE

Many specialists and professionals, consider Vitruvius's theories as the foundaons of

architectural technology. His aempt to classify building types, styles, materials and

construcon methods inuenced the creaon of many disciplines such as civil

engineering, structural engineering, architectural technology and other pracces which

are now and since the 19th century, forming a conceptual framework for architectural

design.

In his published research, Stephen Emmi explains that in our modern society, "The

relaonship between building technology and design can be traced back to the

Enlightenment and the industrial revoluon, period when advances in technology and

science were seen as the way forward and mes of solid faith in progress. As

technologies mulply in number and complexity the building profession started to

fragment. Increases in building acvies brought about social and cultural changes.

INNOVATION IN GLASS

Glass may be the most chameleonlike of building materials. Depending on how it is

manipulated, combined with other materials, or how it is installed, it can appear

transparent, translucent, or opaque. The same glass surface can take on varying

characteriscs in dierent atmospheric condions. It can be made at as a pancake or

bent into perfect arcs. These stories explore how architects are pushing the limits of

technology to exploit this material's mutable nature, its aesthec qualies, and its

energy-conserving potenaldemonstrang that glass is more than merely molten

sand.

SCULPTURAL SKINS

Digital fabricaon has been employed in

the producon of everything from

furniture and lighng to jewelry and cell

phones, but its use for large-scale

construcon has been rare. While

parametric design has been a mainstay

of architectural pracce for decades, the

computer's role in the manufacturing

process for architectural applicaons has

been limited mostly to small building

components or temporary pavilions.

However, several recent facade

projectsfor a courthouse, a stadium,

and one parcularly high-prole

museum expansion now under construconare taking digital fabricaon to a new

level. These building skins are proving that the process can be a highly ecient and cost-

eecve opon when translang complex computer-derived forms into well-executed,

precision-built structures that can be produced locally.

WOOD SPEAKS

Long one of the most universally

applied construcon materials, wood

established itself as so indispensable to

the built world that it began to be

overlooked, praccally invisible. In

recent years, technical advances have

given birth to a wide range of process

innovaons, such as CNC milling and

o-site assembly, as well as engineered-

wood products with enhanced

performance properes. These

developments have prompted

designers to take a new interest in the

material, exploring not only its aesthec appeal but also its structural potenal and

environmental value. A sampling of projects from a seven-story oce building that

employs tradional wood joinery to a new model for ultra-energy-ecient housing

highlight surprising new uses of this age-old material.

(Source: www.wikipedia.com)

FACADE RETROFITSBuildings of a certain age oen have problems with

their facades. Even those that have been well

maintained can suer from failing joints, broken

gaskets and crumbling mortar- condions that cause

air and water inltraon, compromising energy

performance and occupant comfort. Somemes

buildings, especially those built in the 1960s and

70s, are simply aesthecally out of sync with the

desires of current owners or tenants. But despite

their problems, these structures oen have good

bones and can be reinvigorated with a renovaon

that includes a new skin.

ENERGY BIOSCIENCES BUILDINGSThe sciensts and policy experts at the Energy

Biosciences Instute (EBI) are tackling some of

today's most urgent environmental problems,

including climate change and the diminishing supply

of fossil fuels. The instute's chemists, biologists,

engineers and economists represent three dierent

public research instuons -The University of

California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley); the Lawrence

Berkeley Naonal Laboratory; and the University of

Illinois at Urbana-Champaignas well as the energy

company BP. Given the diversity of these stake-

holders, it is not surprising that the project brief for

EBI's $85 million, 1-year-old home at the edge of

the UC Berkeley campus called for a exible facility

that would spur innovaon and foster cross-

pollinaon.

In response, designers from naonal architecture

and engineering rm SmithGroup JJR have created

an open and mostly transparent 113,000-square-

foot building. Although largely daylit and designed

to perform almost 20 percent beer than

California's stringent energy code, the ve-story

structure meets the demanding lighng

expectaons of the EBI researchers. A long and

narrow bar of state-of-the-art labs is rainscreen-

clad, with generously sized north-facing bay

windows. Oces are enclosed in a wedge that

protrudes from the building's south face and wraps

one corner. This volume has a fried glass skin that

includes xed laminated-glass sun shades for

diusing and direcng sunlight.

LIGHTING WITHIN LIMITSLighng designers can help assure that a project is

adequately illuminated, set the tone of a space or a

room, or emphasize architectural form. But their

role is growing increasingly complex, in part

because lighng-related technology is evolving at a

breakneck pace, but also because energy codes are

becoming progressively more stringent.

PASSIVE SOLAR BUILDING ARCHITECTURE PASSIVE SOLAR BUILDING ARCHITECTUREAHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-1627

Passive strategies can help your home keep its cool during the hot

summer months and cut down on air condioning use.

Ancient cultures knew the importance of sing their homes for good

solar exposure, but much of this knowledge was lost with the

discovery of cheap energy. The ancient Greek author Aeschylus

observed that the rst Barbarians lacked the knowledge of houses

turned to the sun. As do most architects. The modern convenience

of brute-force heang and cooling with fossil fuels has allowed

several generaons of architects to ignore the sun.

PASSIVE SOLAR ARCHITECTURE: A book by David A. Bainbridge and

Ken Haggard. Considering heang, cooling, venlaon, day lighng,

and more using natural ows these authors want to bring passive

solar back into the consciousness of architects, builders, and the

general public. Their new book explains their vast knowledge gained

from two lifemes of professional work in harnessing the suns free

energy.

In the days before mechanical cooling systems, architecture

responded to the climate. In the humid areas, where cooling needs

predominated, houses had big porches, deep eaves, high ceilings,

and plenty of well-placed windows to encourage cross-venlaon. In

the desert, the thermal mass of earthen berms and adobe blocks

helped slow heat transfer through the walls to keep interiors cool.

But mechanical systems that could operate independently of the

weatherkeeping a homes interior at a steady temperature

changed our architecture, and many of the features that were once

relied on for achieving comfort without energy input were shunted

to the wayside.

Presently were beyond the age of cheap energy and were again

turning to tradional passive cooling strategies. Unlike mechanical

air condioning, passive cooling approaches take their cues from the

areas climate which dier for each area.

Prevenng heat from entering your homes roof, walls, and windows

should be your rst priority. Combat this by using reecve surfaces,

high insulaon levels, heat-blocking window lms or shades, and

appropriately sized roof overhangs. Shading with vegetaon and

structures, and if youre building new, properly orienng your home,

are also important.

REFLECT IT

According to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), dull, dark-colored

exteriors can absorb 70% to 90% of the suns radiant energy. And

your homes roof could capture about 30% of this undesirable heat

gain, depending on its pitch and orientaon. Dark-colored roofs can

reach temperatures of 150 or more in the summer.

White or light-colored roong materials (cool roofs) reect

sunlight, staying 50F cooler than their darker counterparts, and

reduce the amount of heat absorbed and passed through to the ac

or to living spaces below. Three terms come into play with a cool

roof material:

While white roofs tend to be good reectors, colored roong

materials can also be manufactured to reect sunlight. Known as

cool dark-colored surfaces, these materials might reect 40% of

the incoming sunlight as compared to a convenonal dark-colored

surface, which might only reect 20% of incoming sunlight.

Cool roofs are strongly recommended for hot climate zones. If you

live in a cooling-dominated zone and are building new or replacing a

roof, choose a roong material with high reecvity, like white and

light-colored metal roofs or ceramic les. Most asphalt and berglass

composite shingles, even light-colored ones, sll absorb quite a bit of

solar radiaon. With these materials, installing radiant barriers (like

the Jumbolon) directly underneath the roong material or in your

ac can minimize heat gain through your roof and ceiling.

ORIENTATION

Orientaon refers to the way you place your home on its site to take

advantage of climac features such as sun and cooling breezes. For

example, in all but tropical climates living areas would ideally face

north, or as close to north as possible, allowing maximum exposure

to the sun, and easy shading of walls and windows in summer. Good

orientaon reduces the need for auxiliary heang and cooling and

improves solar access to panels for solar photovoltaics and hot

water. Your home is thus more comfortable to live in and cheaper to

run. It takes account of summer and winter variaons in the sun's

path as well as the direcon and type of winds. Read this arcle in

conjuncon with Design for climate, Passive solar heang and

Passive cooling. Figure below shows orientaon with longer facades

on N-S.

SEAL & INSULATE

No maer what climate you live in, weather-stripping and caulking

leaky windows and cracks to prevent air inltraon is a good idea.

Next, check insulaon levelsthe more insulaon your home has,

the beer. Insulaon is relavely inexpensive, durable, and works

year-round. The 2012 Internaonal Energy Conservaon Code (IECC)

has boosted its minimum insulaon requirements for all but the

mildest climates. If you have a limited budget for improvements,

most experts recommend adding insulaon to a homes roof rst,

since it is a major contributor to a homes heat gain.

CREATE SHADE

Shading your home can decrease indoor temperatures by at least

20F. Shading may be accomplished naturally (shrubs, vines, and

trees) or with built structures.

Trees and other plants placed around the house can provide

seasonal shade and help lower the localized air temperature, since

the leaves absorb heat and remove it through transpiraon. But plan

your planng wiselyplacing vegetaon against a wall ses airow,

making your house even warmer, and also can damage siding. For

cooling purposes, shrubs and small trees can work well to shade

south- and west-facing windows. If your goal is also to capture

passive solar gain in the winter, keep trees out of your solar window

to the south. Even bare branches can create signicant shade,

reducing your solar gain in the winterme. Deciduous vines, planted

close to but not up against your home, may be a beer choice, as

their seasonal leaf loss, die-back, and much ner branches may not

block passive solar gain during the winter.

Exterior shades and (to a lesser degree) interior shades can also help

prevent overheang, although exterior shades are generally superior

because they block sunlight before it enters a home. Another opon

that ts both summer passive cooling and winter passive heang

goals is adjustable overhangs, such as retractable awnings. Rolling

panels and shuers aached to the wall on either side of a window

can also lter out some of the suns energy, although theyll also

restrict views. Other shading opons include roll-up shades, which

are best mounted on the homes exterior to prevent heat

buildup inside the building.

Even if you cant rere your air condioner for good,

incorporang some of these methods can sll save you

energy and moneyand make it easier to keep your cool.

28AHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-16

Summer/night passive solar performance diagram

Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany won the 2007

Solar Decathlon in Washington, D.C. with this passive house

designed specically for the humid and hot subtropical climate.

Source: hp://www.homepower.com/

The story of civilization is,

in a sense, the story of

engineeringthat long and

arduous struggle to make

the forces of nature work

for man's good.

Lyon Sprague DeCamp

POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGY THE MARVELOUS WORLD OF SCIENCEAHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-1631 32AHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-16

MAGNETO HYDRODYNAMICS POWER

GENERATION TECHNOLOGY

A magneto hydrodynamic generator (MHD generator) is a magneto

hydrodynamic device that transforms thermal energy and kinec

energy into electricity. MHD generators are dierent from tradional

electric generators in that they operate at high temperatures without

moving parts. MHD was developed because the hot exhaust gas of an

MHD generator can heat the boilers of a steam power plant,

increasing overall eciency. MHD was developed as a topping cycle

to increase the eciency of electric generaon, especially when

burning coal or natural gas. MHD dynamos are the complement of

MHD drives, which have been applied to pump liquid metals and in

several experimental ship engines.

An MHD generator, like a convenonal generator, relies on moving a

conductor through a magnec eld to generate electric current. The

MHD generator uses hot conducve plasma as the moving conductor.

The mechanical dynamo, in contrast, uses the moon of mechanical

devices to accomplish this. MHD generators are technically praccal

for fossil fuels, but have been overtaken by other, less expensive

technologies, such as combined cycles in which a gas turbine's or

molten carbonate fuel cell's exhaust heats steam to power a steam

turbine.

Natural MHD dynamos are an acve area of research in plasma

physics and are of great interest to the geophysics and astrophysics

communies, since the magnec elds of the earth and sun are

produced by these natural dynamos.

POWER GENERATION

Typically, for a large scale power staon to approach the operaonal

eciency of computer models, steps must be taken to increase the

electrical conducvity of the conducve substance. The heang of a

gas to its plasma state or the addion of other easily ionisable

substances like the salts of alkali metals can accomplish this increase.

LIMITATION OF MHD POWER GENERATION

In pracce, a number of issues must be considered in the

implementaon of an MHD generator: generator eciency,

economics, and toxic byproducts. These issues are aected by the

choice of one of the three MHD generator designs: the Faraday

generator, the Hall generator, and the disc generator.

GENERATOR EFFICIENCY

22% eciency record for closed-cycle disc MHD generators was held

by Tokyo Technical Instute. The peak enthalpy extracon in these

experiments reached 30.2%. Typical open-cycle Hall & duct coal MHD

generators are lower, near 17%. These eciencies make MHD

unaracve, by itself, for ulity power generaon, since convenonal

Rankine cycle power plants easily reach 40%.

The exhaust of an MHD generator burning fossil fuel is almost as hot

as the ame of a convenonal steam boiler. By roung its exhaust

gases into a boiler to make steam, MHD and a steam Rankine cycle

can convert fossil fuels into electricity with an esmated eciency up

to 60 percent, compared to the 40 percent of a typical coal plant. A

magneto hydrodynamic generator might also be heated by a Nuclear

reactor (either ssion or fusion). Reactors of this type operate at

temperatures as high as 2000 C. By pumping the reactor coolant into

a magneto hydrodynamic generator before a tradional heat

exchanger an esmated eciency of 60 percent can be realized. One

possible conducve coolant is the molten salt reactor's molten salt,

since molten salts are electrically conducve.

Wrien and compiled by

RANA YASIR

M.S.C ELECTRICAL ENGINEER (AHP Teacher)

We may be at the beginning of a new era in which electricity may not

require wires and electronic devices may be operated without plugging

them into wall sockets. The development has come from new breaking

hard work of Prof. Marin Soljacic at M.I.T. and is based on the principle

of transfer of energy between two magnec coils having the same

frequency. The rst coil is contained in a box embedded in a wall and is

connected to the homes electricity mains, which supplies the power.

The second recipient coil is aached to the electronic devices like

laptop, computer, television etc. the frequency of the two coils is

matched (made resonant) which allows the transfer of energy from the

rst supplier coil in the wall to the second coil installed on the device

being used. The technology is perfectly safe as it is based on magnec

elds interacon which has no negave eects on the human body.

Indeed the same principle is employed in Magnec Resonance Imaging

(MRI), body scanning machines in which the resonance frequency of

the oscillator coils in the MRI machine is matched with that of the

dancing (oscillang) hydrogen atoms inside the human body, thereby

allowing these atoms to absorb energy and become visible.

A U.S. company WITRICITY using the work of Prof. Marin Soljacic has

now demonstrated that it is possible to transport electricity wirelessly

through the air, so that a light bulb can be switched on or a computer

operated without any wiring or baeries!

There are some 40 billion disposable baeries built every year and

millions of miles of wiring required in our homes annually. All this huge

expenditures may soon be a thing of the past because our homes will

have intelligent walls with in built devices to supply invisible power

through the air to various home gadgets.

Connuing on the development of MRI (Magnec Resonance Imaging)

as one of the major medical breakthrough of the last century, MRI is a

powerful, safe and non-invasive radiological diagnosc tool, which

uses magnesm , radio waves and a computer to produce two (now

three) dimensional images of the body. It was almost a lifeme of

sheer hard work and painstaking research taken by two recent Noble

Laureates in medicine Dr. LAUTERBUR PAUL C. an American and Sir

PETER MANSFIELD an Englishman who developed MRI and rened it to

the present form as rst MRI equipment became available in the early

1980s. Today more than 60 million invesgaons are performed each

year using MRI across the globe. Today MRI oers a beer alternave

to invasive (involving surgery) or painful diagnoscs. MRI can detect

various medical condions which other technologies like X-ray and

ultrasound cannot. It is not far o when it will be possible to provide

images of selecve ssues and blood ow using MRI.

Wrien and compiled by ABDUL MAJEED BALA.

Teacher, Telecommunicaon, AHP Lahore.

TELEPHOTO COPIER

A common electronic equipment used in all organizaons, oces and

homes called the FAX machine was invented by Alexander Bain, a clock

maker from Edinburgh. The machine capable of receiving signals and

transming them in to images on paper. This machine called facsimile,

meaning an exact copy became popular in mid-80 by its acronym FAX.

Fax machines digize images and divide them into a grid of dots. Each

dot is either on or o, depending on whether it is black or white and

each is represented by a Bit which has a value of 0 (o) or 1 (on).

Fax machine translate text of pictures in to a series of 0 and 1 called

BIT maps, which can be transmied like normal computer data. The fax

machine on the receiving end, reads the incoming data, translate the 0

and 1 back into dots and reprints the text or picture.

With the advancement in technology and introducon of Email,

internet etc. the machine has not gone redundant for the reasons that

it is

Secure (No Hacking Virus Issues)

Speedy (Sends Receives in Seconds)

Convenient (Easier operaon especially graphic and illustraons)

DID YOU KNOW

1. That light reaches Earth in approximately eight and half (8)

minutes! With a mean average distance of 150 million kilometers

from earth and with light traveling at 300,000 kilometers per

second and dividing one from the other gives us an approximate

me of 500 seconds or 8 minutes and 20 seconds.

2. That we can see only about 4 percent of the universe? About 74%

of it is accounted for by a mysterious force called DARK ENERGY

while other 22% is composed of an invisible maer termed DARK

MATTER. Determinaon of what this missing mass is composed of

is among the biggest puzzles of cosmology and parcle physics.

3. That e-cigarees are in vogue. A baery powered cigaree with a

red LED p which glows each me the smoker takes a pu without

exhaling any smoke. The cigaree does not contain tobacco but

allows the smoker to inhale a few micrograms of nicone. Invented

by a company in China, the device costs about US$60 while nicone

cartridges cost about US$1.5 each. Thus cancer causing nicone in

ordinary cigarees is greatly reduced.

Xerox 'Telecopier 485' fax machine, 1980.

BASIC ELECTRICITY SAFETY

Below are some minimum steps you should take to ensure

electrical safety

MAINS SUPPLIES

install new electrical systems to BS 7671 Requirements for

Electrical Installaons

maintain all electrical

installaons in good working

order

provide enough socket-outlets

for equipment in use

avoid overloading socket-outlets

using adaptors can cause res

provide an accessible and clearly

idened switch ('Emergency

O' or 'EMO' buon) near xed

machinery to cut o power in an emergency

for portable equipment, connect to nearby socket-outlets

so that it can be easily disconnected in an emergency.

USE THE RIGHT EQUIPMENT

choose electrical equipment that is suitable for its

working environment

ensure that equipment is safe when supplied and

maintain it in a safe condion

electrical equipment used in ammable/explosive

atmospheres should be designed not to produce sparks.

Seek specialist advice when choosing this type of

equipment.

protect light bulbs and other easily damaged equipment

there is a risk of electric shock if they are broken.

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS

ensure equipment is ed with the correctly rated fuse.

ensure cable ends always have their outer sheaths rmly

clamped to stop wires working loose from plugs or inside

equipment

replace damaged secons of cable completely never

repair cuts with insulang tape.

use proper connectors to join lengths of cable don't use

connector blocks covered in insulang tape or 'splice'

wires by twisng them together

some equipment is double insulated. These are oen

marked with a double-square symbol. The supply leads

have only two wires live (brown) and neutral (blue)

make sure all wires are connected securely if the 13A

plug is not a moulded-on type.

Source: www.wikipedia.com

HAZARDS AND RISKS OF ELECTRICITY HAZARDS AND RISKS OF ELECTRICITYAHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-1633 34AHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-16

Exposing to live parts that are either touched directly or indirectly

by means of some conducng object or material can be dangerous

to any person. Voltages over 50 volts AC or 120 volts DC are

considered hazardous. Electricity can kill. Each year about 1000

accidents at work involving electric shocks or burns are reported to

the Health and Safety Execuve (HSE). Around 30 of these are fatal,

most of them arising from contact with overhead or underground

power cables. Shocks from faulty equipment can cause severe and

permanent injury and can also lead to indirect injuries, due to falls

from ladders, scaolds, or other work plaorms. Faulty electrical

appliances can also lead to res. As well as causing injuries and loss

of life, res cause damage to plant, equipment and property.

WHO IS MOST AT RISK FROM ELECTRICITY?

Anyone can be exposed to the dangers of electricity while at work

and everyone should be made aware of the dangers.

Those most at risk include maintenance sta, those working with

electrical plant, equipment and machinery, and people working in

harsh environments such as construcon sites.

Most electrical accidents occur because individuals:

are working on or near equipment which is thought to be dead

but which is, in fact, live

are working on or near equipment which is known to be live, but

where those involved are without adequate training or

appropriate equipment, or they have not taken adequate

precauons

misuse equipment or use electrical equipment which they know

to be faulty.

LEGAL DUTIES AROUND ELECTRICITY

have the electrical systems constructed in a way that prevents

danger

maintain their electrical systems as necessary to prevent danger

have work on, use of, or closure of, electrical systems carried out

in a way that prevents danger.

The following incidents must be reported:

injury to sta due to an electric shock or electrical burn leading

to unconsciousness or requiring resuscitaon; or admiance to

hospital

electrical short circuit or overload causing re or explosion

plant or equipment coming into contact with overhead power

lines.

ASSESSING THE RISK FROM ELECTRICITY

Live parts with normal mains voltage of 230 volts AC, can kill. Also,

contact with live parts can cause shocks and burns.

Electrical faults can cause res. This is parcularly true where the

equipment contains a heat source (e.g. heaters, including water

heaters, washing machines, ovens, heat-seal packaging

equipment).

Electricity can be a source of ignion in a potenally ammable or

explosive atmosphere, e.g. in spray paint booths or around

refueling areas.

Where and how electricity is used The risks from electricity are

greatest in harsh condions.

In wet condions, unsuitable equipment can easily become live

and can make its surroundings live. While in outdoors, equipment

may not only become wet but may be at greater risk of damage.

In cramped or conned spaces with a lot of earthen metalwork,

such as inside tanks, ducts and silos, if an electrical fault develops it

can be very dicult to avoid a shock.

Types of equipment in use. Some items of equipment can also

involve greater risk than others. Extension leads are parcularly

liable to damage to their plugs and sockets, cables, and electrical

connecons. Other exible leads, parcularly those connected to

equipment that is moved a great deal, can suer from similar

problems.

HAZARDS AND RISKS

OF ELECTRICITYBASIC ELECTRICITY SAFETY

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW TO STAY SAFE

INNOVATIONS IN ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY INNOVATIONS IN ELECTRONIC INDUSTRYAHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-1635 36AHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-16

TRANSPARENT SMART PHONESInventors, Jung Won Seo, Jae-Woo Park, Keong Su Lim, Ji-Hwan

Yang and Sang Jung Kang, who are sciensts at the Korean

Advanced Instute of Science and Technology, have created the

world's rst transparent computer chip. The chip, known as

(TRRAM) or transparent resisve random access memory, is similar

to exisng chips known as (CMOS) or metal-oxide semiconductor

memory, which we use in new electronics. The dierence is that

TRRAM is completely clear and transparent. What is the benet of

having transparency? "It is a new milestone of transparent

electronic systems," says Jung Won Seo. "By integrang TRRAM

with other transparent electronic components, we can create a

total see-through embedded electronic systems." The technology

could enable the windows or mirrors in your home to be used as

computer monitors and television screens.

This technology is expected to be available within 3 to 4 years.

HOLLOW FLASHLIGHTAnn Makosinski is a 16-year-old student who competed against

thousands of other young inventors from around the world to win

rst prize and a $25,000 scholarship at Google's Internaonal

Science Fair. She invented a baery-free ashlight. A free energy

device that is powered by the heat in your hand. While vising the

Philippines, Ann found that many students couldn't study at home

because they didn't have electricity for lighng. Unfortunately, this

is a common problem for developing regions where people don't

have access to power grids or can't aord the cost of electricity.

Ann recalled reading how the human body had enough energy to

power a 100-wa light bulb. This inspired her to think of how she

could convert body heat directly into electricity to power a

ashlight. She knew that heated conducve material causes

electrons to spread outwards and that cold conducve material

causes electrons to condense inwards. So, if a ceramic le is

heated, and it's pressed against a ceramic le that is cool, then

electrons will move from the hot le towards the cool le

producing a current. This phenomena is known as the thermo-

electric eect. Ann started using ceramic les placed on top of

each other with a conducve circuit between them (known as

Peler les) to create the amount of electricity she needed for her

ashlight. Her idea was to design her ashlight so that when it was

gripped in your hand, your palm would come in contact with the

topside of the les and start heang them. To ensure the

underside of the les would be cooler, she had the les mounted

into a cut-out area of a hollow aluminum tube. This meant that air

in the tube would keep the underside of her les cooler than the

heated topside of the les. This would then generate a current

from the hot side to the cold side so that light eming diodes

(LEDS) connected to the les would light-up. But although the les

generated the necessary waage (5.7 milliwas), Ann discovered

that the voltage wasn't enough. So she added a transformer to

boost the voltage to 5V, which was more than enough to make her

ashlight work.

Ann successfully created the rst ashlight that didn't use

baeries, toxic chemicals, kinec or solar energy, and that always

works when you picked it up. She credits her family for

encouraging her interest in electronics and derives her inspiraon

from reading about inventors such as Nikola Teslaand Marie Curie.

She told judges at the Google compeon that her rst toy was a

box of transistors.

Time Magazine listed Ann as one of the 30 people under 30 who

are changing the world. She is working on bringing her ashlight to

market and is also developing a headlamp based on the same

technology.

WORKING OF PELTIER TILES

A transparent computer chip

ELECTRONIC PILLSAer years of investment and development, wireless devices

contained in swallow-able capsules are being introduced.

Companies such as SmartPill based in Bualo, New York and Israel-

based Given Imaging (PillCam) market capsules the size of vitamin

tablets. These pills contain sensors or ny cameras that collect

informaon as they travel through the gastrointesnal tract before

being excreted from the body a day or two later. They transmit

informaon such as acidity,

pressure and temperature

levels or images of the

esophagus and intesne to

your doctor's computer for

analysis.

Doctors oen use invasive

methods such as catheters,

endoscopic instruments or radioisotopes for collecng informaon

about the digesve tract. So device companies have been

developing easier, less intrusive ways, to gather informaon."One

of the main challenges is determining just what is happening in the

stomach and intesnes." says Dr. Anish A. Sheth, Director of the

Gastrointesnal Molity Program at Yale-New Haven Hospital.

Doctors can inspect the colon and peer into the stomach using

endoscopic instruments. But some areas cannot be easily viewed,

and nding out how muscles are working can be dicult.

Electronic pills are being used to measure muscle contracon, ease

of passage and other factors to reveal informaon unavailable in

the past.

DIGITAL PEN

A digital pen is one of the new electronic invenons that can

help us record informaon. Despite the digital age, we sll use

pens. But it would be great to have our handwrien notes and

drawings digitally recorded without having to use a scanner.

The Zpen from Dane-Elec is a wireless pen that uses a clip-on

receiver to digitally record what you write.

It uploads the informaon to your computer where it can be

viewed, edited and led as a word processing document.

The digital pen ulizes character recognion soware and

works by recording movement. Features include prole

creaon, a diconary and een language opons.

INSTANT PRINTS

Creang instant prints from a digital camera is one of the new

electronic invenons in prinng. The Polaroid PoGo is a small

portable printer that weighs only a few ounces. The printer

produces full color 2" x 3" prints using an "inkless" technology.

The images are created from heat acvated crystals in the

photo paper. The photos are water proof, tear proof and smear

proof. It connects to a digital camera using a USB cable, or to a

mobile phone through wireless Bluetooth. It uses rechargeable

baeries or an AC adapter.

uHEAT ABSORBED

The second law of thermodynamics

states that heat will move to a cooler

area. The thermoelectric module

absorbs heat on the cold side.

COLD SIDE

CONDUCTOR

THERMOELECTRIC

ELEMENTS

HOT SIDE

HEAT SINK

vELECTRICITY

The transfer of temperature

creates electrical power.

wHEAT EMITTED

The module ejects heat on

the hot side to a heat sink

NEGATIVE

ELECTRON

FLOW

POSITIVE

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AHMAD HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 2015-16

ATTA E MUSTAFA

DAE (Civil Tech): Ahmad Hassan

Polytechnic Instute

Session 2005 - 2008

College Roll No. 1489

Board Roll No. 81304

Marks Obtained 2892/3350

Percentage 86.33

Board Posion: 1st (Gold Medal)

Bsc Civil Engineering-UET Lahore

CGPA 3.904/4.0

Posion 1st (05 Gold Medals)

FAROOQ AKRAM

The shining star of the A.H.P family who has made us proud.

Geng BEST TEACHER AWARD from the D.M of TEVTA

D.A.E in Architecture: Ahmed Hassan Polytechnic Instute

Got 2nd posion in Punjab board of TechnicalEducaon

(obtaining 2468/3150 marks)

Board Roll No. 100398

Teaching in A.H.P since 2010

B. Arch degree in progress: University of Sargodha.

FAISAL BILAL

DAE : AHP 2005 2008

B Arch : College Of Art & Design

( Punjab University Lahore 2009 2014)

Job: Working in Riaz-Ur-Rehman Associates

as an architect

MUHAMMAD IKRAM

D.A.E in Architecture: Ahmed Hassan Polytechnic Instute

Session: 2007-2010

College Roll No. 391

Board Roll No. 116800.

Marks obtain 2674/31550

Percentage: 84.75

Board Posion: 1st (Gold Medal )

B. Arch: College of Art & Design, University of the Punjab

(2009-2014)

GPA- 3.26 (Disncon Holder)

SYED RIZWAN HAMEED KAZMI

DAE in Electrical Technology: Ahmed Hassan Polytechnic Instute

Session: 1985-1988 (with Disncon)

Bsc. Electrcal Engineering: Adamson University, Manila, Philippines

Session: 1989-1994 with a total percentage of 86.8

(On university record high average achieved by any student in 14 years)

Work Experience and Achievements: (Asia, Europe & USA)

AZEEM AHMAD

DAE : Ahmed Hassan Polytechnic Instute

Session: 2001-2004

Got rst posion in rst year and awared trophy by

principal

BCS: GC University Lahore, session 2008

Worked as soware engineer in Electrical consulng

service from 2008 to 2009

MS in Soware Engineering: Blekinge Insitute of

Technology, SWEDEN in 2009

Got research grant from Industry worth of 1 million PKR

PhD on computer security: University College London is

at inial stages.

Worked as Assistant Researcher in UAE University Abu

Dhabi, UAE

and Currently teaching in Alfaisal University, Riyadh

Saudi Arabia.

MEHBOOB IJAZ BHATTI

D.A.E Electronic: Ahmed Hassan Polytechnic Instute

Lahore (board topper)

B.tech Electrical: B.Z.U Multan

Work : Running an I.T company named

"New Era Technologies".

Major projects :

1. Installed "Interacve CCD touch smart bords" at L.C.I.T Lahore ,

and ,any other well known schools.

2. Installed Bio Matric Aendance machine And telephone

exchange At A.H.P Lahore.

3. Providing services to Verioline Kitchens Pvt. limited, Regarding

Servers and I.T accessories.

4. Completed a Networking project at " Ali Agro Food Mill ".

5. Working with many other oces regarding I.T services.

SYED SHAZAIB HASSAN NAQVI

DAE Electronics: Ahmed Hassan Polytechnic Instute

Session: 2004-2006 with

Percentage: 2414/3350 grade A.

Joined Wateen Telecom as Field Engineer in

2008 ll 2012,

B-TECH in (Telecommunicaon): 2008 - 2009

with 833/1050 marks with grade A.

In 2012 visited Dubai for job hunng and got job

in DU Telecom as Network Engineer, and holding

that post ll now.

SYED ZAIN UL HASSAN NAQVI

DAE in Architecture: Ahmed Hassan Polytechnic Instute

Percentage: 82 %

B. Arch: 3rd year in progress from College of Art &

Design, University of the Punjab

Started to freelancing projects and already have 4

years of work experience.

RAHEEL AZMAT

DAE Electronics: Ahmed Hassan Polytechnic

Instute

Session: 2003-2006

BCS: Punjab University College of

Informaon Technology

2006-2010

Job: Senior Engineer in Netsol Technologies

AHMED HASSAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

AHMED HASSAN

POLYTECHNIC

RECOGNISED

4-Dev Samaj Road, Opposite DCO ofce, Near Secretariat

Bus Stop, Sant Nagar Lahore - Pakistan.

Ph: 042-3722 46 17, 37111921

Fax: 042-37244 100

E-mail: ahp@nexlinx.net.pk

Web: www.ahpi.edu.pk

FIELDS OF ACTIVITIES

1) Electrical Engineering

2) Electronic Engineering

3) Civil Engineering

4) Architecture Engg.