Date post: | 15-Apr-2017 |
Category: |
Education |
Upload: | matt-sanders |
View: | 104 times |
Download: | 1 times |
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Introduction A century ago, physical inactivity was not a
contributing factor to any of the major problems experienced by the populace of the United States
Fast forward 100 years…….
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Historical Context for Health in the U.S. 100 years ago
Mortality statistics Mortality rate--the number of people who die in a
given number of people Infant mortality rate--100 out of 1000 died within one
year Maternal mortality rate--six to nine per 1000 live births
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Historical Context for Health in the U.S. 100 years ago
Life expectancy statistics 47.3 years in the U.S. 31years in the world
Causes of mortality Infectious/Communicable diseases such as
pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, and dysentery
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Health of the U.S. Population Today Currently
Infant Mortality--6.9 out of 1000 live births die within one year
Life Expectancy--77.5 years Causes of Mortality--Chronic, degenerative
diseases such as heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, and respiratory disease
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Leading causes of death by percentage of total deaths in 1900 Pneumonia and influenza Tuberculosis Diarrhea and enteritis Heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Accidents Cancer Senility Diphtheria
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Leading causes of death by percentage of total deaths in 2004 Heart disease Cancer Cerebrovascular disease Respiratory disease Accidents Diabetes Alzheimer’s disease Pneumonia and influenza Kidney disease Septicemia
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Health of the U.S. Population Today First Health Revolution
Improvement in general standard of living, nutrition, basic sanitation, hygiene, and water quality
Resulted in a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality due to communicable diseases
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Health of the U.S. Population Today Pharmacologic Revolution
Discovery of antibiotics 1928--Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin 1930’s--Sulfa drugs 1940’s--Streptomycin, and other antibiotics
Vaccines
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Current Influences on Population Health Two Major Demographic Trends
Population of the country is more diverse Aging of the population
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Current Influences on Population Health Demographic Trends
Diversity of our country Different racial, ethnic, and cultural groups have
different rates of prevalence for individual diseases and illness
Varying health beliefs that affect prevention or treatment of health conditions
Health providers must be attentive to issues relating to cultural, lifestyle, and genetic factors in different segments of the population
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Current Influences on Population Health Demographic Trends
Aging of the Population In 1900, the 65-plus age group was only 4% By 2050, the 65-plus age group will be over 20% The 75-plus age group has been growing also This leads to an increased prevalence of chronic and
degenerative diseases
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Solutions to Health Problems Five categories of health determinants
Health behavior Environment Interventions and policies Access to care Biology
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Five Categories of Health Determinants Health Behavior
The most important category The category over which individuals have the
most control Nurses’ Health Study
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Five Categories of Health Determinants Environment
Negative physical environment: Pollutants, toxic substances, infectious agents, and
unsafe conditions Social environment:
Influence and health habits of coworkers, friends, families, and institutions such as churches and schools
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Five Categories of Health Determinants Inventions and policies
Government and health or social service groups’ programs and campaigns to improve health Laws requiring immunizations, seat belt use, and child
restraint devices Stop smoking, breast feeding campaigns
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Five Categories of Health Determinants Access to Health Care
Variable across the nation Affordability Persons who are both able to find and afford
health care are likely to have better health than those who are not
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Five Categories of Health Determinants Biology
Produces or contributes to many health conditions Includes genetic make up Aging process Exposure to tobacco, alcohol, or toxic agents can
alter biology
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
U.S. Goals for Improving Health of the Population Healthy People 2010
Document of specific goals and objectives for health improvement
Two main, general goals Increase both the quality and the length of life Eliminate disparities in the health status of different
subgroups of the population
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Top Ten Health Goals of Healthy People 2010 Physical activity Overweight and obesity Tobacco use Substance abuse Responsible sexual behavior Mental health Injury and violence Environmental quality Immunization Access to healthcare
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
U.S. Goals for Improving Health of the Population The Surgeons General’s Report on Physical Activity
and Health (1996) Greatest health benefit-- consistently active five days per
week Does not need to be vigorous activity Helps to prevent or reduce the risk of:
Heart disease High blood pressure High cholesterol Cancers Type 2 diabetes