13
G-CUEING MICROCONTROLLER(A MICROPROCESSOR APPLICATION IN SIMULATORS)
Chris G. HorattasGoodyear Aerospace Corporation
Akron, Ohio
Digital Simulation of aircraft flight requires the iterative solution of a timeand event dependent mathematical model. Simulation realism is enhanced by highrate of solution. A simulation whose solution rate produces cues which are per-ceived to be the same as real-world cues, is considered a real-time simulation.Achieving real time simulation is a prime consideration in simulator design.
The computation system required to produce real-time simulation is either asingle, high cost, extremely high speed processor, or an array of less powerfulprocessors which share the computation task. When multiple processors are usedin such array, each is usually dedicated to a simulation subtask and must oper-ate synchronously with the other processors in the array.
One such dedicated processor is the G-Cueing Microcontroller (G-CM). The G-CMconsists of a tandem pair of microprocessors, dedicated to the task of simula-ting pilot sensed cues caused by gravity effects. This task includes executionof a g-cueing model which drives actuators that alter the configuration of thepilot's seat.
The G-Cueing Microcontroller receives acceleration commands from the aerodynam-ics model in the main computer and creates the stimuli that produce physicalacceleration effects of the aircraft seat on the pilots anatomy. One of thetwo microprocessors is a fixed instruction processor that performs all controland interface functions. The other, a specially designed bipolar bit-slicemicroprocessor with on-board hardware multiply and firmware implemented dividesquare root and sine functions, is a microprogrammable processor dedicated toall arithmetic operations. The two processors communicate with each other bya shared memory.
The G-Cueing Microcontroller contains its own dedicated I/O conve-rsion modules(analog-to-digital, and digital-to-analog) for interface with the seat actuatorsand controls, and a DMA controller for interfacing with the simulation computer.
Even though the microcontroller is programmed to perform the g-cueing model, itis not limited to this specific application. Any application which can be micro-coded within the available memory, the available real time and the available I/Ochannels, could be implemented in the same controller. Furthermore, the micro-controller capacity can be expanded by the addition of memory and I/O modules.
93
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810003149 2018-04-28T20:29:45+00:00Z
5UJ
UJ
5Ooo
94
95
96
91
98
SIAAULATlOsJ GOAPUTE.R.
I/O CONVERTER
- CONTROLLER.
SIAAPLIFIE.D
99
IN
MICROCODEGENERATOR
AD AM- 100MPU
(ARITHMETIC)
/
/
DUALFUNCTIONMEMORY
[ ADDRESS]DATA
CONTROL1
ANALOGS
DISCRETEOUTPUTS
ANALOG&
DISCRETEOUTPUTS
OUT OUT
G-CUEING MICROCONTROLLER
ANALOG&
DISCRETEOUTPUTS
VOUT
LOAD DATATO DMA CONTR.BUFFER MEMORY
INTERRUPT TOCONTROLLER MPU
EXIT/
r
SYNCHRONIZATION-G-CUEING MICROCONTROLLER
100
ADAM - FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
(INSTRUCTION WORD FORMAT)
5 5 4 0 3 7 3 3 3 0 2 6 2 1 1 9 1 7 1 3 9 6
BRANCH ADDRESS TEST BRANCHCTL
MEMORYCTL
DATABUSENABLES
DIV/SQRT
MPY/SINE
ALUCARRY
ALUSHIFT
RgREGADR
RARE6
ADR
ALU
DEST
3
ALU
FUHCT .
0
ALU
SOURCE
10 13
FIELD
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
FUNCTION BITS
BRANCH ADDRESS
CONDITION CODE TEST
BRANCH CONTROL
MEMORY CONTROL
DATA BUS ENABLES
DIV/SQRT/MPY/SIN
ALU CARRY SELECT
ALU SHIFT SELECT
RB SELECT
Rft SELECT
ALU DESTINATION
ALU FUNCTION
ALU SOURCE
55-40
39-37
36-33
32-30
29-26
25-21
20-19
18-17
16-13
12-9
8-6
S-3
2-0
ALU
[ ] INDICATE OPTIONAL ARGUMENT ININSTRUCTION
NOTE THAT ALL CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
WILL BE ENCODED WITH FIELD 4 SET TO 111.
FIELD 11 SET TO 001, AND FIELD 12
SET TO 100 ANY OF WHICH HAY BE
OVERRIDDEN DURING A MERGE
REMAINDER OF.FIELDS DEFAULT TO $
AND MAY BE OVERR1DEN
101
dYWAHOW3WIViOiL
iw•sw.jvJo
Z"OuoOJCJM
dYW 0/1
(WVH)AHOW3W
ivna
(WVH)H3N39
WVHDOHdOHDIW
(WVHDOHd)NOISNYdXa
AHOW3W
Hoj,iNOW 'onasa :ndw
H3 :oHI,NO NO
WVH
WYH
WVH + WOHd3
WOHd3
COOCM (N
COCN ro
102