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E EmeriaultD. Dias
A. Guillouxeditors
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ONGEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION INSOFT GROUND - IS-TOULOUSE 2002TOULOUSE / FRANCE/ 23-25 OCTOBER 2002
Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Constructionin Soft GroundEdited by
R. KastnerUR. G. C. Géotechnique, INSA Lyon,_ France
F. EmeriaultUR. G. C. Géotechnique, INSA Lyon, France
D. DiasG. C. Géotechnique, INSA Lyon, France
A. GuillouxTerrasol, France
!'\
SeSPECIFIQUE / LYoN / 2002
Cover photograph (right) : Toulon subterranean crossing
Cover -photograph (left): Courtesy of Solétanche-Bachy
Back photograph : Courtesy of VINCI Construction
The texts in this volume were set individualbf by typists under the supervision of each ofthe authorsconcerned
Published by SPECIFIQUE115, Cours Albert Thomas690003 LYONTel. 04 37 91 69 50
e-mail : [email protected]
ISBN 2-9510416-3-2
© 2003 Spécifique - LyonPrinted in France
Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Kastnen Emeriault, Dias, Guilloux (eds)
Table of contents
© 2002 Spécifique, Lyon. ISBN 2-9510416-3-2
Preface XVOrganisation XVIISpecial Lecture 1Geotechnical aspects of current underground construction in Japan
3H Akagi
Session reports 15Design methods of tunnels: stability, settlements and tunnel liningsKJ Bakker 1 7Bored ttmnels constructionA. Negro Jr. 27Ground movements caused by ttmnellingz measurements and back analysis.1 Standing 3 7Deep Excavationszdesign and analysisC. W W Ng 49Deep Excavations: const1'uctionG. Salvi 67Numerical and physical modelling ,P. Mestat 731 Design methods of t11nnels: stability, settlements and tunnel linings 83
The CERN LHC Project- Design and construction of a large caverns in tight spacesR.H.I Parkin, P.M Varley, F Laigle 85Nlnnerical analysis of structures in Lumiar Station of Lisbon MetroA. Vieira, .I Marcelino, .1 Barreto, D. Dias 95
,Study of optimal soft rock replacement scheme for excavation ofa large-scale cavemgroup_ using parallel evolutionary neural network FEM methodH An, X Feng J Sun, S Li
Stabilité du front d’un timnelz marge de sécurité a la rupture et apport du boulonnage frontalD. Subrin, H Wong
Field measurements on grout pressure during tunnellingA. Bezuyen, AM Talmon, FJ Kaalberg R. Plugge
Observation of lining pressure due to shield tunnellingT Hashimoto, J Nagaya, T Konda, T T amura
L2 seismic design method for shield tunnels in soft groundT Kishio, K Sumino, H Oota, N Yamaguchi, K Kurotori
Chargements sur les revétements des tunnels liés aux variations de pression d'eau induitespar l'excavation _P.D. Nguyen, E. Bourgeois
The influence of building weigth on the relative stiffness method of predictingtunnelling-induced building deformationJN Franzius, TL Addenbrooke '
The effect of seepage forces at the tunnel face of shallow tunnelsLM Lee, S W Nam, L.N Reddi
Design and construction of double deck large cross section tunnel by NATM Metropolitan Central Highway (Ken-O-Do) Ome TunnelK Tanaka, K Taira, G. Okumoto, K Haruyama
Analysis of three abreast shallow tunnels considering construction sequence andgrotmd depthsT Nakai, Shahin, T Tamura, H Hashimoto, J Nagoya
Soil structureinteraction modeling of large-span buried concrete cu.lvert in high highwayembankment over weak and compressible subsoil.I Picha
Simulation of slurry shield behaviour during excavationA. Sramoon, M Sugimoto, N Mukai, K Takahashi, N Okamura
Muck discharge by the screw conveyor of an EPB Ttmnel Boring MachineAM Talmon, A. Bezuyen
Influence of excess pore pressures on the stability' of the tunnel faceW Broere
Longitudinal effects bored Hubertus tunnel in the HagueFIM Hoefsloot, KJ Bakker
Behavior_ of segmental linings during construction of super-adjacent spacing parallel tunnelsS' Yamauchi, M Chida, X Hayasaka, K Takahashi, N F ukazawa
2 Bored tunnels construction
Monotube ou bitube pow' des tunnels ferroviaires ? Deux cas opposés : KCR 320 etGroene HartP. Aristaghes, P. /Autuori, P. Longchamp
Prediction ofa TBM force spectrum for new tunnelling projects in The NetherlandsG. Esposito, C. van Ooterhout, S Lokhorst
Immediate settlements due to tunnelling for the North East Line, SingaporeJN Shirlaw, JC. W Ong -H Rosser, P. Heslop \,
Soil conditiomiing for EPBM'tunnelling: compressibility behaviour of foam/sand mixturesS. Psomas, GT Houlsby
The influence of soil penneability on the properties of a foam mixtme in a TBMA. Bezuyen 'Control of ttmnelling induced movements on the Heathrow Express project (United Kingdom)H Sam `Modified bentonite slturies for slurry shields in highly permeable soilsP. Fritz, R. Hermanns Stengele, A. Heinz
Analysis of monitoring data from a deep tunnel in a tectonized clay-shale(Raticosa Timnel, Italy)D. Boldini, A. Graziani, R. Ribacchi
The excavation of a shallow tunnel below a commercial centreMFJ de Urries, A.S Crespo, E. del Monte Ramos, P.R. Rodriguez
A decade of experience in micro-tunnelling in SwitzerlandW Steiner
Geotechnical aspects of the construction of Rinkai Higashi-Shinagawa tunnels in TokyoN F ukazawa, T Hagiwara, N Nomoto, X Hayasaka
Assessing the historic movements within buildings - two case studies from the Jubilee LineExtension Proj ectG. R. Taylor, JN Franzius, JB. Burland JR. Standing
Building response to underground construction: the New City Cou1't case historyG.R. Taylor, JB. Burlanaf C. Choy, JR. Standing, R. Allen
Soil characterization for the north transversal tunnel on Grenoble area.I Monneli C. Chapeau, G. Godard
3 Ground movements caused by tunnelling: measurements and back analysis
Construction of a new transport interchanger in the Madrid metroC. Oteo, .I Trabada, A. Gonzalez
Station << Ameixoeira » du métro de Lisbonne - Analyse du comportement de l’ouvrageD. Dias, J Barreto, L Ribeiro e Sousa
Prediction of Settlement above closely spaced multiple tunnel constructions in soft groundD.N Chapman, CtD.F Rogers, D. VL. Hunt
Monitoring of natural defonnation behaviour of buildings in Amsterdam - On lineMonitoring for the North-South MetrolineH Netzel, FJ Kaalberg
The relationship between face pressure and immediate settlement due to tunnellingfor the North East Line, Singapore' _JN Shirlaw, JC. W Ong, NH Osborne, CG. Tan
Recent in-tunnel movement monitoring experience in LondonML. Cooper, D.N Chapman
Three-dimensional numerical modelling ofthe construction of an EPBS tunnel forShanghai Metro - Line 2P. Guedes de Melo, C Santos Pereira
Etude sur modele réduit du creusement des tunnels par la méthode du bouclier apression de-1 terre _D. Branqueg D. Subrin, C. Boutin
Evaluation of damage in masonry buildings due to ttmnelling in clayey soilsS Miliziano, FM Soccodato, A. Burghignoli . _
Prediction of behaviour of piled building foundations due to tunnelling operationsH G. Poulos
Ground surface movements resulting from metro station and tunnel construction inBudapest (Hungary)J Mecsi
Ground settlement induced by subway construction - a case studyX Hu, H Drexel, B. PlaBmann, H Kluge
Grotmd movements caused by tunnelling with an earth pressure balance machine:A greentield case study_ at Southwark Park, LondonP.S. Dimmoclg R.J Mair, JR. Standing
The response of a piled structure to tunnelling and jackingD. Selemetas, JR. Standing, R.J Mair, D.M Sharrocks, F Parker, R. Allen
Métro de Toulouse - Analyse 3D des interactions entre les tunnels de la ligne A etl’excavation de la ligne Jean Jaurés `D. Billaux, X Rachez, P. Varona, B. Virollet, A. Bernardet
In-situ frost heave loads in artificially frozen ground for tunnellingR.HB. Rykers, B. Hemmen, NM Naaktgeboren, H Weigl
Modelling tunnelling-induced settlements of concrete buildingsD. Dias, R. Kastner
Long tenn settlement following tunnelling in overconsolidated London ClayDJ Harris'
Geotechnical demands of soil investigations for tunneling in soft groundH Quick; J Michael U Behr
Ground movements due to the Rinkai Higashi-Shinagawa tunnel constructionby slurry shield methodM Kobayashi, Tl Hagiwara, 0. Yoshino, K Hayasaka, K Komiva
Recent experiences of the measurement and prediction of tunnelling inducedground movementsC. Pound JP. Beveridge
Building response to tunnel steplplate junction construction - the former Lloyds BankBuilding, St James’s, London _JR. ‘Standing Gras, G.R. Taylor, SC. Gupta, R.J Nyren, JB. Burland
4 Deep Excavations: design and analysis
Behaviour analysis of diaphragm wall in a deep excavation engineeringH Huang, K Riou, J Chappaz, D. Zhang
Full scale test on environmental impact of diaphragm wall trench installation inAmsterdam - the iinal resultsJC. WM de Wit, HJ Lengkeek
Prediction and performance : numerical modeling of sheet pile walls anddiaphragm wallsP. Mestat E. Bourgeois
The effect of deep excavation on pore Water pressure changes in the Old Alluviumand tmder-drainage of marine clay in SingaporeD. Wen, KQ. Lin
Mechanical influence of a large-scale excavation on the adjacent' embankmentK Kojima, M T ateyama, A. Iizuka, H Ohta, K Fujita
Boiling occtured within a braced cofferdam due to two-dimensionally concentratedseepage flow RT Tanaka, H Hori, K Inoue
Ground Improvement in deep excavations by per se existing foundation pilesCh. Moormann, R. Katzenbach
Behaviour of cantilever retaining wallsM Long, C. Brangan, K Gavin
A study of wall and ground movements due to deep excavations in soft soil basedon worldwide experiences'Ch. Moormann, HR. Moormann
The use of piling and propping for the protection of buildings beside deep excavationscase studies from Taipei, TaiwanB. Chen, B: Hsiung DFT Nash, C.H _Chen, RNH Hwang
Behaviour of an earth retaining structure for excavation by the Sakauchi methodS Kazama, If Itabashi, T Ohyama, H Hakamada
Modélisation numérique de la butée des terres en présence d‘écoulementN Benmebarelg Sf Benmebarek, R. Kastner, A.H Soubra
Lateral earth pressures induced by wall movements in centrifuge testsIf Toyosawa, N Horii, S T amate, N Suemasa, T1 Katada, T1 Ichikawa
Uncertainty in" the classical analytical design approach of excavations on soft soilsB. Gebreselassie, HG. Kempkrt
Ntunerical implementation of plastic hinge in the Subgrade Reaction Method forsteel sheet pile designB. Bornarel, Fl Emeriault, R. Kastner
The Rotterdam sheet pile wall field test: Test resultsD.A. Kart, A.F1 van T01
In-situ monitoring and analysis of braced excavations with irregular shapeCh. Moormann
Ground movements associated with deep excavation - characterizationCS Yoo, .IH Kim
Underground construction impact on neighbouring buildings in MoscowVA. Ilyichev, P.A. Konovalov, NS Nikgforova
5 Deep Excavations: construction
Experimental Studies for the prevention of heavingT Kawasaki, K Kumagai, X Shioi
Measured pressure exerted by a fine soil on a diaphragm wall under constructionL. Delattre, V Duca
Assessment of underground construction and deep excavation influence on deformation of structures constructed on unstable soilsVM Ulitsky, VN Paramonov, A. G. Shashkin- \Back analysis of an elliptical shaft for the Texas superconducting super collider projectG.R. T eetes, K Soga, MJ Mrugala
JLE Westminster station: Protection of Parliamentary buildings with compensation groutingD1 Harris
Use of heave reducing piles to control grolmd movements arolmd deep excavationsA.M McNamara, R.N Taylor
Design and construction monitoring for Breakfast Creek Tunnel, Inner City Bypass Project,Brisbane, AustraliaS Fidler
Excavation and instrumentation within the Grand Palais in Paris: A case studyM Beth, .I Lavisse, K Amicel
The _building of underground part ofthe Turkish Trade Center in MoscowVP. Petrukhin, O.A. Shuyayev, O.A. Mozgacheva
Study of the ground behaviom during deep excavation of a hydropower projectS Kibria, T Masooal A. Akbar
6 Numerical and physical modelling
3D Influence analysis of pipe jacking on an existed adjacent tubeH Huang, X Zang P. K Hicher, X Hu
Uncertainty analysis in the assessment of settlements caused by urban workM El Gonnouni, K Riou, P.K Hicher
Numerical analysis of experimental slurry trench in soft clayTl T amano, NH Quan, M Kanaoka, S. Fukui
Three-dimensional analysis of ground settlements due to tunnelling: Role of K0and stiffhess anisotropyG.TfK Lee, CWW Ng
Prediction of long-term behaviour of a bored tunnel in soft soilHMA. Pachen,'D.C. van Zanten
2D base stability evaluation of excavations in soft soils by FE analysisTI Hagiwara, H Faheem, FZ Cai, K Ugai
3-D analysis on defonnation behavior of ground behind retaining wall in shaft excavationK Oda, T Matsui, H Yoshida, KS Cho, H Hatsuda
Numerical analysis of diaphragm wall construction and subsequent pit excavation' inclayey groundR. Schaefer, Tl T riantajjlllidis
The installation effects of a diaphragm wall on an adjacent piled foundationC.K Choy, JR. Standing RJ Mair
Evaluation of tunnel face stability in sandy ground with clay layersS Konishi, If Tamara
Effect of multiple injection on long-term compensation grouting - Laboratory andnumerical studiesSKA. Au, K Soga, MD. Bolton
Analyse des soulevements induits par Pagrandissement d'une grande excavationH Le Bissonnais, S. Bretelle “ Analysis of soft soil-structure interaction in tunnellingA.`Purwodihafc#o, S Bernat, B. Cambou, P. Dubois
Centrifuge model tests on circular and rectangular tunnels subjected to largeearthquake-induced defonnationT Yamada, H Nagatani, H Igarashi, A. Takahashi
Analyse et prédiction d’Lme zone dégradée a proximité des tunnels profonds )F Laigle
Centrifuge modelling of tunnelling near driven pilesS. W Jacobs; JR. Standing, RJ Mair, 71 Hagiwara, T1 Sugiyama
Influence du boulonnage du front de taille d'un tunnel sur les tassements de surface:résultats de simulations numériques tridimensionnellesE. Bourgeois
Basal heave stability for wide excavationsKS. Wong, A. IIC. Goh 'Etude expérimentale et munérique d’un modéle réduit bidimensionnel de tunnelN Dolzhenko, Ph. Mathieu
Behaviour of earth retaining structure with wall type soil improvementIf Kono, M Aoki, E. Sato
Experimental and numerical simulation of tunnel boring: Development of a specificconstitutive model for a two-dimensional materialPh. Mathieu, N Dolzhenko
Numerical modelling of the effects of compensation groutingC. Kummerer, I-LF Schweiger, R. Otterbein, A. Watt
Three-dimensional fniteelements analysis of the interaction between tunnellingand adjacent structuresH Mroueh, I Shahrour
Tunnelling under compressed air using grouting techniquesS Semprich, M Lesnik, K Scheid
Author index
Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Kastnen Emeriault, Dias, Guilloux (eds)© 2002 SpéciHque, Lyon. ISBN 2-9510416-3-2
Preface
Technical Committee TC28 on Underground Construction in Soft Ground was established bythe International S ociety o f S oil M echanics and F oundation Engineering in 1989. Its m ainpurpose was to provide a forum for interchange of ideas and discussion using representativesfrom many countries with active interest in tiumelling and deep excavations. In 1994, TC28,chaired by Professor K. Fujita, organised a very successful Symposium which coincided withthe lntemational Conference then being held in New Delhi. The one-day Symposium wasprincipally aiined at discussing codes of practice and methods of construction of undergroundexcavation adopted in different countries. The success of that Symposium led to the strongfeeling that organising regular events would be both productive and well received.The host society was then handed over from the Japanese Geotechnical Society to the BritishGeotechnical Society and Professor R.J. Mair was appointed as chairperson and Professor R.N. Taylor as secretary of TC 28. In April 1996, a first three day symposium was organised atCity University in London, followed, in July 1999, by a second one`in Tokyo.
These proceedings are the outcome of Third International Symposium on GeotechnicalAspects of Underground Construction in Solt Ground held in Toulouse in October 2002. Ithas been organised by URGC Géotechnique (INSA de Lyon) with the support of the FrenchGeotechnical Society (CFMS) and in cooperation with AFTES (French TtmnellingAssociation) who held its Intemational Congress on October 21-23 in the same place, one dayof the two events being common.
The themes for the TOULOUSE symposium were established in line with the terms ofreference of Technical Committee TC28 as case histories and other infonnation concerningthe design and construction of timnels and deep excavations (braced excavations, shafts), withspecial emphasis on (i) relationship between ground improvement schemes, excavationmethods used and displacements of the surrounding grounds and adjacent structures, and (ii)the role of physical and numerical modelling. IThe call for papers drew an overwhelming response and over 150 abstracts were received.This resulted' in 116 refereed papers being included in the symposium, which were receivedfrom 21 countries. The Symposium attracted a.n attendance of 160 delegates from 21countries. I
The first two days of the Symposium were dedicated to 6 main discussion sessions covering:- Design methods of tunnels: stability, settlements and tunnel linings- Bored tunnels construction '- Ground movements caused by tunnelling: measurements and back analysis- Deep Excavations: design and analysis- Deep Excavations: construction- Numerical and physical modelling
During each session, a general report has been presented together with selected individualpapers and followed by a large open discussion. A special lecture has been given at the end ofeach day:- Geotechnical aspects of current underground construction in Japan by Pr H. Akagi,- Results of the French National Research project “EUPALINOS” on tunnelling by Y. Leblais(an English version of the report of this research project has been issued to the participants)
The third day of the Symposium was devoted to visits to a number Of different constructionsites of the second line of the TOULOUSE metro.
This volume of the proceedings includes 107 papers, the written versions of the sessionreports and the special lecture on “Geotechnical aspects of current underground constructionin Japan”. All the papers have been reviewed by members of the scientific committee of thesymposiiun. The collection of papers and reports contained within this volume should providea major source of reference on underground construction in soft ground.
The success of the Symposium was due in no small part to the efficiency and hard work of themembers of the organising committee and the tremendous support from the members of theGeotechnical Research Group at “lNSA de Lyon”. We thank also the organisation committeeof the AFTES for their collaboration and forsharing their great experience in organising suchevents. Special thanks are due to VINCI Construction and INSA Lyon for their financialsupport, and to the Toulouse Metro Authority for their support in arranging the site visits. Weare grateful to T echnical C ommittee T C28 to h ave b een given the opportunity to h old theSymposiiun and to gather together and exchange ideas with so many people concemed withdeep excavations and_t1u1nels.
R..T _ Mair & A. Guilloux, Chairmen of the symposilun,R. Kastner, F. Emeriault and DQ Dias, Secretary of the symposimn and Editors.
Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Kastner Emeriault, Dias, Gui/Ioux (eds)© 2002 Spécifique, Lyon. ISBN 2-9510416-3-2
Organisation
The Symposium was organised by the Intemational Society for Soil Mechanics andGeotechnical Engineering, Technical Committee TC 28 on Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Construction in Soft Ground.
ORGANISING _COMMITTEE
A. Guilloux ChairmanR.J. Mair Chairman
R. Kastner SecretaryF. Emeriault SecretaryD. Dias Secretary
R.N. Taylor Secretary of TC 28P. Chapsal Chairman of AFTES Conference
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
H. Akagi T.D. O’RourkeKJ. Bakker C. OteoA. Bezuijen T. PaulG. 'Canetta V.P. PetrukinC.T. Chang H. QuickH.S. Chung J. RobertF. de Boer V.M. SharmaM. Erdemgil J .N. ShirlawSD. Eskesen O. SjostromX. Hou `~ M.M. SoaresPJ. Huergo A.S. SoltaniK. Karlsrud N. SomO. Kusakabe A.SousaY. Leblais J .R. StandingJ _ Mecsi W. SteinerA. Negro Jr. C.P. TsatsanifosC.W.W. Ng
SPONSORSHIP
French Geotechnical Society (CFMS)VINCI ConstructionInstitut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
XV
Author index
Addenbrooke, T. 137Akagi, H. 1Akbar, A. 591Allen, R. 269, 367Amicel, Y 581An, H. 101Aoki, M. 711Aristaghes, P. 199Au, S.K.A. 657Autuori, P. 199
Bakker, K. 17, 185Barreto, J. 95, 293Behr, U. 399Benmebarek, N. 495Bemnebarek, S. 495Bemardet, A. 373Bernat, S. 667Beth, M. 581Beveridge, J.P. 411Bezunen, A. 113, 173, 221Billaux, D. 373Boldoni, D. 239Bolton, M.D. 657Bomarel, B. 511Bourgeois, E. 131, 44, 693Boutin, C. 329Brangnan, C. 471Branque, D. 329 3,Bretelle, S. 663Broere, W. 179Burghignoli, A. 335Burland, J.B. 263, 269, 417
Cai, F. 629Cambou, B. 667Chapeau, C. 279Chapman, D.N. 299Chappaz, J . 427Chen, B. 483Chen, C.H. 483Chida, M. 191Cho, YS. 635Choy, C.K. 645, 269Cooper, M.L. 317Crespo, A.S. 245
Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Kastnen Emeriault, Dias, Guilloux (eds)© 2002 Spécmque, Lyon. ISBN 2-9510416-3 2
De Urries, M.F.J. 245De Wit, J.C.W.M. 433Del Monte Ramos, E. 245Delattre, L. 547Dias, D. 95, 293, 387Dimmock, P.S. 361Dolzhenko, N. 705, 717Drexel, H. 355Dubois, P. 667Duca, V. 547
El Gonnouni, M. 605Emeriault, F. 511
Esposito, G. 203
Faheem, H. 629Feng, X. 101Fidler, S. 575Franzius, J.N. 137, 263Fritz, P. 233Fujita, K. 453Fukazawa, N. 191, 257Fukui, S. 611
Gavin, K. 471Gebreselassie, B. 507Godard, G. 279Goh, A.T.C. 699Gonzalez, A. 287Gras, M. 417Graziani, A. 239Guedes de Melo, P. 323Gupta, S.C. 417
Hagiwara, T. 257, 405, 629,Hakamada, H. 489Harris, D.I. 393, 563Haruyama, K. 149Hashimoto, T. 119, 155Hatsuda, H. 635Hayasaka, Y 191, 257, 405Heinz, A. 233Hemmen, B. 379Hermanns stengele, R. 233Heslop, P. 209Hicher, P.Y. 599, 605Hoefsloot, F.J.M. 185
6
Hori, H. 459,Horii, N. 501Houlsby, G.T. 215Hsiung, B. 483Hu, X. 599Hu, Y. 355Huang, H. 427, 599Hunt, D.YL. 299Hwang, R.N.H. 483
Ichikawa, T. 501Igarashi, H. 673Ilyichev, V.A. 535Inoue, K. 459Itabashi, Y. 489
Jacobsz, S.W. 687
Kaalberg, F.J. 113,305Kanaoka, M. 611Kastner, R. 387, 495, 511Katada, T. 501Katzenbach, R. 465Kawasaki, T. 541Kazama, S. 489Kempfert, H-G. 507Kibria, S. 591Kim, J .H. 529Kishio, T. 125Kluge, H. 355Kobayashi, M. 405Kojima, K. 453Komiya, K. 405Konda, T. 119Konishi, S. 651Kono, T. 71 1Konovalov, P.A. 535Kort, D.A. 517Kumagai, K. 541Kummerer, C. 723Kurotori, Y 125
Laigle, F. 85, 679Lavisse, J. 581Le Bissonnais, H. 663Lee, G.T.K. 617Lee, I.M. 143
Lengkeek, H.J. 433Lesnik, M. 735Li, S. 101Lin, K.G. 447Lizuka, A. 453Lokhorst, S. 203Long, M. 471 .Longchamp, P. 199
Mair, R.J. 361, 367, 645,Marcelino, J. 95Masood, T. 591Mathieu, P. 705, 717Matsui, T. 635McNamara, A.M. 569Mecsi, J . 349Mestat, P. 73, 441Michael, J. 399Miliziano, S. 335Monuet, J. 279Moormann, Ch. 465, 477,Moormann, H.R. 477Mozgacheva, O.A. 585Mroueh, H. 729Mrugala, M.J. 557Mukai, N. 167
Naaktgeboren, N.M. 379Nagatani, H. 673Nagaya, J. 119, 155Nakai, T. 155Nam, S.W. 143Nash, D.F.T. 483Negro, Jr A. 27Netzel, H. 305 `Ng, C.W.W. 49, 617Nguyen, P. 131Nikiforova, N.S. 535Nomoto, M. 257Nyren, R.J. 417
Oda, K. 635Ohta, H. 453Ohyarna, T. 489Okamura, N. 167Okumoto, G. 149Ong, J.C.W. 209, 311Oosterhout, G. 203Oota H. 125Osbome, N.H. 3 11Oteo, C. 287
687
5
Otterbein, R. 723Pachen, H.M.A. 623Paramonov, V.N. 553Parker, F. 367Parkin, R.J.H. 85Petrukhin, V.P. 585Picha, J. 161PlaBmann, B. 355Plugge, R. 113Poulos, H.G. 341Pound, C. 411Psomas, S. 215Purwodihardjo, A. 667
Quan, N.H. 611Quick, H. 399
Rachez, X. 373Reddi, L.N. 143Ribacchi, R. 239Ribeiro e Sousa, L. 293Rijkers, R.H.B. 379Riou, Y. 427, 605Rodrigues, P.R. 245Rogers, C.D.F. 299Rosser, H. 209
Salvi, G. 67Sam, H. 227Santos Pereira, C. 323Sato, E. 711Schaefer, R. 639Scheid, Y 735Schweiger, H.F. 723Selemetas, D. 367Semprich, S. 735Shahin, H. 155Shahrour, I. 729Sharrocks, D.M. 367Shashkin, A.G. 553Shioi, Y 541Shirlaw, J .N. 209, 311Shuliatiev, O.A. 585 _Soccodato, F.M. 335Soga, K. 557, 657Soubra, A-H. 495Sramoon, A. 167standing, J.R. 37, 263, 269, 361,
367, 417, 345, 687Steiner, W. 251Stengele, R. 233
Subrin, D. 107, 329Suemasa, N. 501Sugimoto, M. 167Sugiyama, T. 687Sumino, Y 125Sun, J. 101
Taira, K. 149Takahashi, A. 673Takahashi, K. 167, 191Talmon, A.M. 113, 173Tamano, T. 611Tamate, S. 501Tamura, T. 119, 155, 651Tan, C.G. 311Tanaka, K. 149Tanaka, T. 459Tateyama, M. 453Taylor, G.R. 263, 269, 417Taylor, R.N. 569Teetes, G.R. 557Toyosawa, Y. 501Trabada, J _ 287Triantafyllidis, T. 639
Ugai, K. 629Ulitsky, VM. 553
Van Tol, A.F. 517Van Zanten, D.C. 623Varley, P.M. 85Varona, P. 373Vieira, A. 95Virollet, B. 373
Watt, A. 723Weigl, H. 379Wen, D. 4471Wong, H. 107Wong, K.S. 699
Yamada, T. 673Yamaguchi, N. 125Yamauchi, S. 191Yoo, C.S. 529Yoshida, H. 635Yoshino, O. 405
Zang, X. 599Zhang, D. 427
This volume contains a collection of T07 papers, 6 general reports and a speciallecture presented at the Third International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects ofUnderground Construction in Soft Ground held in Toulouse (France) in October2002.
This symposium has been organised by the Technical Committee 28 of theinternational Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering after the firstone held in London in T996 and the second one in Tokyo in T999. It has beensponsored by the French Society of Soil Mechanics (CFMS).Papers have been contributed by researchers and engineers from 21 countriesinvolved in the design and construction of underground structures in soft ground.The contributions cover tunnelling (design methods for stability, settlements andtunnel lining, construction aspects of bored tunnels, measurements and backanalysis of ground movements), deep excavations (design and analysis,construction aspects) and numerical and physical modelling. The general reportspresent an overview of the different papers listed in the six sessions of thesymposium.The volume provides a valuable source of reference on the current practice ofanalysis, design and construction of deep excavations and tunnels in soft ground.