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/4,*-M^duk-

Microorganisms

. tt(jph_\)lococci. Enterobdcteria' Yeasts

The Gastro-IntestinalMicrofloral0ramicroorganisms,ainlybacteriaive n thegastlo-intestinalract.The number nd ypesofnicroorganismsary greatlyalongwith the digestive fact. ln tb stomaa,h,he numberofmicrcorganismss the smallest ecausehegastric cidkills manybacterian thesmall ntstin,rne )Umberfmicroorgani.msncrcase.grinA particularlyargeoumber f bacleria ettle n the large ntestine. ere heyact ike abiologicalfennentation hamber o break down still undigesled ood constituents. hevariety/speciesf microorganismsn the large ntestines alsogfeatest. aken ogelhr, ll ofthesemicrcorganisns re ermed s ntestinalmicloflora.Bacteria ccountor approx. 0-60%ofthe stoolmass,ln the arge Dtestine,naerobesrcpresentn larger umberhanaerobes.herefore,heenvironmenteremLrst e as ree rom oxygen spossible. artic arly.Escherichiaoli bacteria.which already olonize he inlant intestine, reate he living condition n the iDtestine. heyconsllneoxygen hat is continuosly transpofted y the blood to the cells of the inlestinalmucosa. his alsoallowsaDaerobeso settle. hecomposilion fihe intestinalmicroflom n theoxygen-containingntestinal all differs rom hatwithii the ntestiner in thestool.lluman AerobicMicroflora n StomachCFU/ml0,10

Rare0-r0 'o, lo '0-10'Ilum:rn AnnerobicMicroflora n Stomach

. Clostridia Rare. Prerotello. orphyromonas 0-10'a Bacteroidesfragilh group Rare. Fu$ohact?tiLt 0-l0l

Microorganisms. Peptostreplococci. RilidobdckriaCFU/mlo-ro 'o-to '0-r 'o-l )r

C!-U/mlo-lo'0-10'o-1ooo- lo 'Rare10 10'o-to 'o- lo 'CFU/ml

Human icreflora in JejunumAnrerobic mioroorgatrfums.

P ev o e a, Porp h)r onondsBac erc des agi i gtoLtpFusobdcteriaHuman Aerobic Microllora in IleumAerobic microorgruismsStrcpbcocci 10'-10'

I

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1o'?-t1l0' ,10'l o'r, lo'l0r-101

l0 ' - l0 'l or,t 'ol04, l0r10"-10'"r0r105

HumanAerobicMicrollora in ColonArobic microorganisms

Yeasts

CFU/g

HumanAnaerobicMicroflora n ColonAnarobic microorganismsBilidabdcterid

P er ote d, P a rp hw omonasB ac e c ides-fragil is groLtp

CFU/sloro- laD103-r0I06-Ioetoi r0610", I0"tol-t05I olo- lol2106 og

How do disturbancs fthe intestinalmicrofloraoccurThesensitivecosystemfthe intestinalmicrofloras constantlvn contactwith heeDvircnmentAll sirbstanceshat rve take in through lte mouth-food ut also medicamentsan exeft afavourable r inhibiliDgeffect on the inlestinalmicroflora.Often. he intestinalmicroflora sdestroyed y necessaryherapeutic easures.his s mainly he useof antibiotics, ut radiationtherapy analsodamagehe ntestinalmicroflora-Taking antibioticsor otherrasonsmay ead o severe isturbancesf the intesti:lalmicroflora. he symptomsn thegastrointestittalractcan astmonths r years ndareusually olonger ssociatedith previousntibiotic dministration.Therefore, ersistent fterefTectsuchas diafoheaocclLr ery oftenafter4ntibiotic rradiationherapy uchsymptom anpersistor months r years.Suchsynptoms anpersistorlnontbs r years!which s a sign hal he ntestinalmicroflota 1as ot beencompletelyestofed.Thealteredoncentrationfihe short-chainattyacids n thestoolofpatientswith initablebowelsyndrome lso ird;catesan abnormal onpositionof the intestina! licroflora An intostinal|nicroflora ith decreased 6tabolic ctivity ancontributeo constipation.Treatmentwith ProbiticsdrugsProbioticmicroorganismsredefined ssupplemeDtsfliving microorganismsound n thenomal florawith low or nopathogeDicitylr fwithpositive ffects n hehealtb fthe host.Properties f ProbioticMicrborganisms. Adhere () ellsandmlrcus. Exclutle r reduce athogen dhesion'Persistandnultiply in thehost. Produce cids, ydrogen eroxide,ndbacteriocinsntagonistico grouthofpathogens

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. Besafe, oninvasive,oncarcinogenic,ridnonpathogenic. Coaggregateo form a normal' alancedloraBenefits fProbiotics n the IntstinalTrsct. Incrcasen rsistanceo infectious iseases. Decreasen duration fdiarrhoea' Reductionn bloodpressure. Reduct ior l n.erum Lholcslefo lcol lcent rat io l l. Reductionn allergy. Stimulation fphagocytosisyperipher.l lood eukocltes' Modulationfcytokinegene xpression. Regressionftumours. Reductionn cafcinogenroductioll. Lesseningfthe effectoflactosentolerance. Alleviation fsymptoms fCrohn'sdisease' Establishmentfnormal loraafterantibioticreatment. Reductionn developmentfcollagen-inducedrthdtis. Adjuvant flect

Probiotics n Treatme\t of Helicobacterpy,,ri Infections.Luct bac us acidoP u\.Loc obac l lusgrdsseri.Lactobaci|lusarme tum.Lactobac usp antdrum' Ldctoboc l I usreuleri'Lactohdc l lus humnosus

ProbioticTreatmentof Entrobacteria lnlections.EnterococcusJdectum.Lactohac llus ac dophillts'Lactohdcllu\ b lSar c lt,Ldc obacil at.fermentunl.Lactobacillusha lnosusProbioticTreatmentoflnfectiousDiarrhon n Children.LaLobac us acdoP i us.Lactobacil us bulgdrcus'Lactahdc l lus euteri.Lactobac l lusr hdmnosusProbiotic TreAtmentof ClostridiurndifJicile lnlections.Sdccharcmlc es boulaftlii.Ld obac us hamn s s,Lactobdc l lusac dophlus.Lac obacllus 6ulgaricus.En e ococcus,faec un

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ProbioticTreatmentof InflammatoryBorvlDisease.Lac obac us hamn s s.Bifdobacteriun spp.Sauharcry,cesbo aftlii

Prvention ofTumour Growth by Probiotics.Ldctobacillus aseipostpoted ecurrence fbladdertumors in 87 patients.Excretionofmutagens n urine was oweredwith LactobacillusacidophilusSafetyolProbiotics.Normalhurnanmicrof lord)olale-'No intrinsic esistanceo antimictobialagents.Molecularcharactedzation.Risk of opportunistic nfections. Immonocompromisedelsons.lnfantsandyoungchildren.Elderlypersons