ain has a physiologically fundamental function that untilnow has not been fully understood. Even though the exact
biochemical pathways have yet to be revealed, it is certain thatthe sensation of pain is a normal reaction to injury or disease. It isa result of physiological processes within the so-called nocicep-tive system.
Acute and Chronic PainAs a rule, the nociceptive sensory system returns to its normalfunctional state as soon as the healing process sets in. Sometimesfeatures of sensitivity may persist and are evident as recurringpain, especially when the nervous system itself is injured, thusleading to chronic neuropathic irritation.Acute pain should, therefore, be treated early and consistentlyin order to prevent the development of a so-called pain memorywhich prepares the ground for endless problems.Chronic pain due to ongoing tissue injury is presumably causedby persistent activation of the sensory system. It may also result
P from constant damage to, or dysfunction of the peripheral orcentral nervous system. Since even the physiological function ofpain in general has not yet been clarified in detail, the pathophy-siology of chronic pain is hardly comprehensible and fighting itmay often turn into a medical challenge.
The Sore AnkleAcute pain can be caused for example by spraining a foot and it isan immediate signal to stop moving this joint. An ankle sprainis an injury to the tough bands of tissue, the so-called ligamentsthat surround and connect the bones of the leg to the foot. Theinjury is usually caused by a fall resulting in a person accidentallytwisting or turning the ankle in an awkward way. This canstretch or tear the ligaments that hold the ankle bones and jointstogether.All ligaments have a specific range of motion and boundariesthat allow them to stabilize the joints. When ligaments sur-rounding the ankle are pushed past these boundaries, it causes a
Treating PainfulInjuriesPain and fever remedies-- Pain is why most people seek medical advice. Pain medicationis the kind most frequently purchased over-the-counter (OTC) and injury is one of themost common reasons for children to visit the doctor.
sprain. Sprained ankles most commonly involve injuries to theligaments on the outside of the ankle. Some swelling or bruisingcan occur as a result of these tears. Tendons, cartilage and bloodvessels might also be damaged due to the sprain.
Immediate HelpTreating a sprained ankle promotes recovery and prevents fur-ther discomfort. The first basic measures after an ankle injuryare to cool and immobilize the injured joint. A thorough exami-
Weitere Folgen der Serie
Ausgabe01/2019 Cough Medicines03/2019 Hay fever05/2019 Antifungals07/2019 Antidiarrhoeal Drugs09/2019 Nasal preparations11/2019 Pain and fever remediesAlle bereits erschienenen Artikel finden Sieunter www.das-pta-magazin.de/heftarchiv.
Serie English for PTA
Vocabulary
English Deutsch
as a rule in der Regel
feature Merkmal
presumably vermutlich
comprehensible verständlich
ankle Knöchel
to sprain verstauchen
ligament Band
awkward ungeschickt, unbeholfen
to tear (zer)reißen
tendon Sehne
cartilage Knorpel
discomfort Beschwerden
to rule out ausschließen
nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Kernspinresonanztomografie
acetaminophen Paracetamol
lining of the stomach Magenschleimhaut
pavement Bürgersteig
kerb Bordstein
enteric coat magensaftresistenter Überzug
74 > DAS PTA MAGAZIN - - - Ausgabe 11-2019 <
PRAXIS__
sprain. Sprained ankles most commonly involve injuries to theligaments on the outside of the ankle. Some swelling or bruisingcan occur as a result of these tears. Tendons, cartilage and bloodvessels might also be damaged due to the sprain.
Immediate HelpTreating a sprained ankle promotes recovery and prevents fur-ther discomfort. The first basic measures after an ankle injuryare to cool and immobilize the injured joint. A thorough exami-
Weitere Folgen der Serie
Ausgabe01/2019 Cough Medicines03/2019 Hay fever05/2019 Antifungals07/2019 Antidiarrhoeal Drugs09/2019 Nasal preparations11/2019 Pain and fever remediesAlle bereits erschienenen Artikel finden Sieunter www.das-pta-magazin.de/heftarchiv.
Serie English for PTA
Vocabulary
English Deutsch
as a rule in der Regel
feature Merkmal
presumably vermutlich
comprehensible verständlich
ankle Knöchel
to sprain verstauchen
ligament Band
awkward ungeschickt, unbeholfen
to tear (zer)reißen
tendon Sehne
cartilage Knorpel
discomfort Beschwerden
to rule out ausschließen
nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Kernspinresonanztomografie
acetaminophen Paracetamol
lining of the stomach Magenschleimhaut
pavement Bürgersteig
kerb Bordstein
enteric coat magensaftresistenter Überzug
* Phytohustil®: Zur Linderung von Schleimhautreizungen im Mund- und Rachenraum unddamit verbundenem trockenen Reizhusten.
Phytohustil® Hustenreizstiller Pastillen. Wirkstoff: Eibischwurzel-Trockenextrakt. Zusammensetzung:1 Pastille enthält folgenden Wirkstoff: Trockenextrakt aus Eibischwurzel (3 - 9 : 1) 160,0 mg. Auszugsmittel:Wasser. Die sonstigen Bestandteile sind: Arabisches Gummi, gebleichtes Wachs, gereinigtes Wasser, mittel-kettige Triglyceride, Maltitol-Lösung, schwarzes Johannisbeeraroma, Sorbitol-Lösung 70 % (nicht kristalli-sierend), Citronensäure. Anwendungsgebiet: Traditionelles pflanzliches Arzneimittel zur Linderung vonSchleimhautreizungen im Mund- und Rachenraum und damit verbundenem trockenen Reizhusten; aus-schließlich auf Grund langjähriger Anwendung für das Anwendungsgebiet registriert und zur Anwendungbei Erwachsenen und Kindern ab 6 Jahren bestimmt. Bei fortdauernden Krankheitssymptomen oder beimAuftreten anderer als der in der Packungsbeilage erwähnten Nebenwirkungen sollte der Anwender einenArzt oder eine andere in einem Heilberuf tätige qualifizierte Person konsultieren. Gegenanzeigen: Nichtanzuwenden bei Allergie gegenüber Eibischwurzel-Trockenextrakt oder einem der sonstigen Bestandteile.Nebenwirkungen: Überempfindlichkeitsreaktionen. Die Häufigkeit ist nicht bekannt. Tretendiese Symptome im Verlauf der Behandlung auf, sollte das Arzneimittel abgesetzt und ein Arztinformiert werden. Bei ersten Anzeichen einer Überempfindlichkeitsreaktion dürfen die Pastil-len nicht nochmals eingenommen werden. Warnhinweise: Das Arzneimittel enthält Maltitol-Lösung und Sorbitol-Lösung; Packungsbeilage beachten! Stand der Information: 04/2017.
G0847_P__PHT_Phytohustil_Pastille_Sofort.pdf; s1; (105.00 x 297.00 mm); 07.Oct 2019 12:59:15; PDF-CMYK Springer FM Neu-Isenburg; L. N. Schaffrath DruckMedien
PTA: Good morning, can I help you?Customer: Yes, please. I need some ibuprofen.I’ve sprained my ankle and it’s very sore.
PTA: Oh dear, how did you do that?Customer: It was very foolish. The pavementwas uneven, so I pushed my wheeled walkercloser to the kerb – too close. I fell off andtwisted my foot. I need a painkiller to help meuntil my doctor’s appointment on Thursday.
PTA: I see, do you have a customer card?Customer: No, I don’t need one.
PTA: Can you tell me what medication you take on aregular basis?Customer: Nothing much, just something mycardiologist prescribed to prevent thrombosis.
PTA: Do you remember what it’s called?Customer: I think it’s a low dose of ASS.
PTA: I’m afraid these two active substancesshouldn’t be taken together.Customer: Why not?
PTA: Because the ibuprofen has a blocking effect onthe receptors used by ASS and the antithromboticeffect is weakened or even cancelled. This is where acustomer card would be helpful. I would be able torecognize interactive substances immediately. Doyou take tablets with enteric coating?Customer: What’s that?
PTA: Tablets which are coated to prevent the releaseof medication before they reach the small intestine.They’re friendlier for the stomach but the effective-ness has a different time span for each individual.Customer: I just take the normal tablets.
PTA: In that case, you could take ibuprofen but youwould have to keep to a fairly strict time schedule.Alternatively, you could take tablets containing dic-lofenac but for no longer than three days.Customer: What kind of timing are we talkingabout?
PTA: Making sure that ASS is taken at least half anhour before the ibuprofen medication or a mini-mum of eight hours later.Customer: I can manage that by setting analarm. What else can I do to improve the situ-ation?
PTA: Try to put your foot up and rest it as much aspossible. If there’s a lot of swelling, cool it for ten tofifteen minutes a few times a day. Do you have anelastic bandage?Customer: No, I don’t.
PTA: Well I would recommend getting one andwrapping the ankle for support; not too tightly ofcourse. You don’t want to block the circulation.Customer: Yes, I’ll take one of those with meand the ibuprofen painkiller, please.
PTA: Certainly. I wish you a speedy recovery.Customer: Thank you.
Dialogue
nation by a physician is essential in order to determine whetherthe injury is a sprain or something more severe.Imaging tests, such as X-rays, may also be necessary in order torule out a bone fracture. Nuclear magnetic resonance ima-ging (NMRI) may be carried out if a fracture, a serious injury tothe ligaments, or damage to the surface of the ankle joint issuspected. This test uses a strong magnetic field and radio wavesto create detailed images of the body.
Appropriate MedicinesThere are just a few substances available as OTC analgesicmedications. Apart from acetaminophen they all belong to thegroup of so-called „Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID)“. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) is one of the substancesthat belong to the NSAIDs, the others are ibuprofen, diclofenacand naproxen.The most frequent side effect of NSAIDs is damage to thelining of the stomach and duodenum which can lead to abdo-minal pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. These NSAIDs can alsocause ulcers and bleeding of the stomach and duodenum but lessfrequently and less severely than may occur with ASS.
Jane Funke ist geborene Britin und erstellt als native Speaker gemeinsam mit Apothekerin HanneloreGießen seit vielen Jahren die Serie „English for PTA“, die sich mit klassischen OTC-Themen befasst.
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