55
G-W-LAN G-W-LAN (Gigabit (Gigabit wireless LAN) wireless LAN)
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Documents |
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G-W-LANG-W-LAN(Gigabit wireless (Gigabit wireless
LAN)LAN)
Agendabull Problem Definition 2-3bull Background 3-5bull Requirements bull Detailed Description of 3issues 10-15bull Sol for issues --- describe method in
Lit Ser 2-5bull Prorsquos amp Conrsquos for each method
including the comments 2-3bull Comparison WRT background 2-3bull Conclusion 4-10
Outline -bull What is G-W-LANbull Why G-W-LAN bull What is it motivationbull What is itrsquos mottobull What is the amount of work done in this
areabull Is there any earlier deployment of the
similar typebull What kind of workresearch going on in
this areabull What are existing challengesbottlenecks
in this areabull Are there any future challenges
What is GWLANbull What is WLAN
bull How it came into existence
bull What protocol is used in WLAN What is its Architecture of WLAN
bull What are the problems in WLAN
bull Is there any standards
Overview of WLAN(Journeypath towards GWLAN)
Wireless LAN Evolution
1945 spread spectrum technology used
1986 early WLAN products on market
1990 IEEE 802 initiates WLAN standard
1995 ETSI specifies 20Mbits HIPERLAN
1997 IEEE 80211 2 Mbits WLAN standard
1999 WECA checks product compliance
1999 IEEE 80211b 11 Mbits WLAN standard
2000 WLANA established to educate market
Radio Free Space Propagation
Tx Rx
r
Pt = transmit Power Pr = Receiver Power Gt = Antenna Gain Gr = Antenna Gain
PrPt =
4 r
2Gr Gt
Multipath Distortion
RxTx
t
echoecho
echo
Fading Effects
Tx
position
Rx
Shadowing
RxTx
Rx
shadow
Radio Indoor Propagation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 100
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (m)
n = 37 (Retail)
n = 33 (Office)
n = 2 (Free Space)
Loss o lt [distance]n
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Agendabull Problem Definition 2-3bull Background 3-5bull Requirements bull Detailed Description of 3issues 10-15bull Sol for issues --- describe method in
Lit Ser 2-5bull Prorsquos amp Conrsquos for each method
including the comments 2-3bull Comparison WRT background 2-3bull Conclusion 4-10
Outline -bull What is G-W-LANbull Why G-W-LAN bull What is it motivationbull What is itrsquos mottobull What is the amount of work done in this
areabull Is there any earlier deployment of the
similar typebull What kind of workresearch going on in
this areabull What are existing challengesbottlenecks
in this areabull Are there any future challenges
What is GWLANbull What is WLAN
bull How it came into existence
bull What protocol is used in WLAN What is its Architecture of WLAN
bull What are the problems in WLAN
bull Is there any standards
Overview of WLAN(Journeypath towards GWLAN)
Wireless LAN Evolution
1945 spread spectrum technology used
1986 early WLAN products on market
1990 IEEE 802 initiates WLAN standard
1995 ETSI specifies 20Mbits HIPERLAN
1997 IEEE 80211 2 Mbits WLAN standard
1999 WECA checks product compliance
1999 IEEE 80211b 11 Mbits WLAN standard
2000 WLANA established to educate market
Radio Free Space Propagation
Tx Rx
r
Pt = transmit Power Pr = Receiver Power Gt = Antenna Gain Gr = Antenna Gain
PrPt =
4 r
2Gr Gt
Multipath Distortion
RxTx
t
echoecho
echo
Fading Effects
Tx
position
Rx
Shadowing
RxTx
Rx
shadow
Radio Indoor Propagation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 100
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (m)
n = 37 (Retail)
n = 33 (Office)
n = 2 (Free Space)
Loss o lt [distance]n
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Outline -bull What is G-W-LANbull Why G-W-LAN bull What is it motivationbull What is itrsquos mottobull What is the amount of work done in this
areabull Is there any earlier deployment of the
similar typebull What kind of workresearch going on in
this areabull What are existing challengesbottlenecks
in this areabull Are there any future challenges
What is GWLANbull What is WLAN
bull How it came into existence
bull What protocol is used in WLAN What is its Architecture of WLAN
bull What are the problems in WLAN
bull Is there any standards
Overview of WLAN(Journeypath towards GWLAN)
Wireless LAN Evolution
1945 spread spectrum technology used
1986 early WLAN products on market
1990 IEEE 802 initiates WLAN standard
1995 ETSI specifies 20Mbits HIPERLAN
1997 IEEE 80211 2 Mbits WLAN standard
1999 WECA checks product compliance
1999 IEEE 80211b 11 Mbits WLAN standard
2000 WLANA established to educate market
Radio Free Space Propagation
Tx Rx
r
Pt = transmit Power Pr = Receiver Power Gt = Antenna Gain Gr = Antenna Gain
PrPt =
4 r
2Gr Gt
Multipath Distortion
RxTx
t
echoecho
echo
Fading Effects
Tx
position
Rx
Shadowing
RxTx
Rx
shadow
Radio Indoor Propagation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 100
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (m)
n = 37 (Retail)
n = 33 (Office)
n = 2 (Free Space)
Loss o lt [distance]n
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
What is GWLANbull What is WLAN
bull How it came into existence
bull What protocol is used in WLAN What is its Architecture of WLAN
bull What are the problems in WLAN
bull Is there any standards
Overview of WLAN(Journeypath towards GWLAN)
Wireless LAN Evolution
1945 spread spectrum technology used
1986 early WLAN products on market
1990 IEEE 802 initiates WLAN standard
1995 ETSI specifies 20Mbits HIPERLAN
1997 IEEE 80211 2 Mbits WLAN standard
1999 WECA checks product compliance
1999 IEEE 80211b 11 Mbits WLAN standard
2000 WLANA established to educate market
Radio Free Space Propagation
Tx Rx
r
Pt = transmit Power Pr = Receiver Power Gt = Antenna Gain Gr = Antenna Gain
PrPt =
4 r
2Gr Gt
Multipath Distortion
RxTx
t
echoecho
echo
Fading Effects
Tx
position
Rx
Shadowing
RxTx
Rx
shadow
Radio Indoor Propagation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 100
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (m)
n = 37 (Retail)
n = 33 (Office)
n = 2 (Free Space)
Loss o lt [distance]n
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Overview of WLAN(Journeypath towards GWLAN)
Wireless LAN Evolution
1945 spread spectrum technology used
1986 early WLAN products on market
1990 IEEE 802 initiates WLAN standard
1995 ETSI specifies 20Mbits HIPERLAN
1997 IEEE 80211 2 Mbits WLAN standard
1999 WECA checks product compliance
1999 IEEE 80211b 11 Mbits WLAN standard
2000 WLANA established to educate market
Radio Free Space Propagation
Tx Rx
r
Pt = transmit Power Pr = Receiver Power Gt = Antenna Gain Gr = Antenna Gain
PrPt =
4 r
2Gr Gt
Multipath Distortion
RxTx
t
echoecho
echo
Fading Effects
Tx
position
Rx
Shadowing
RxTx
Rx
shadow
Radio Indoor Propagation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 100
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (m)
n = 37 (Retail)
n = 33 (Office)
n = 2 (Free Space)
Loss o lt [distance]n
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Wireless LAN Evolution
1945 spread spectrum technology used
1986 early WLAN products on market
1990 IEEE 802 initiates WLAN standard
1995 ETSI specifies 20Mbits HIPERLAN
1997 IEEE 80211 2 Mbits WLAN standard
1999 WECA checks product compliance
1999 IEEE 80211b 11 Mbits WLAN standard
2000 WLANA established to educate market
Radio Free Space Propagation
Tx Rx
r
Pt = transmit Power Pr = Receiver Power Gt = Antenna Gain Gr = Antenna Gain
PrPt =
4 r
2Gr Gt
Multipath Distortion
RxTx
t
echoecho
echo
Fading Effects
Tx
position
Rx
Shadowing
RxTx
Rx
shadow
Radio Indoor Propagation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 100
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (m)
n = 37 (Retail)
n = 33 (Office)
n = 2 (Free Space)
Loss o lt [distance]n
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Radio Free Space Propagation
Tx Rx
r
Pt = transmit Power Pr = Receiver Power Gt = Antenna Gain Gr = Antenna Gain
PrPt =
4 r
2Gr Gt
Multipath Distortion
RxTx
t
echoecho
echo
Fading Effects
Tx
position
Rx
Shadowing
RxTx
Rx
shadow
Radio Indoor Propagation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 100
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (m)
n = 37 (Retail)
n = 33 (Office)
n = 2 (Free Space)
Loss o lt [distance]n
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Multipath Distortion
RxTx
t
echoecho
echo
Fading Effects
Tx
position
Rx
Shadowing
RxTx
Rx
shadow
Radio Indoor Propagation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 100
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (m)
n = 37 (Retail)
n = 33 (Office)
n = 2 (Free Space)
Loss o lt [distance]n
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Fading Effects
Tx
position
Rx
Shadowing
RxTx
Rx
shadow
Radio Indoor Propagation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 100
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (m)
n = 37 (Retail)
n = 33 (Office)
n = 2 (Free Space)
Loss o lt [distance]n
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Shadowing
RxTx
Rx
shadow
Radio Indoor Propagation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 100
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (m)
n = 37 (Retail)
n = 33 (Office)
n = 2 (Free Space)
Loss o lt [distance]n
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Radio Indoor Propagation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 100
Attenuation (dB)
Distance (m)
n = 37 (Retail)
n = 33 (Office)
n = 2 (Free Space)
Loss o lt [distance]n
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Radio LAN Capabilities
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Metres Mbits
In-building Range
Bandwidth
900 MHz 18 GHz 24 GHz 56 GHz 17GHz 24 GHz 60 GHz
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
IEEE 80211 WLAN Architecture
Higher-Level Protocols
Wire Equivalent Privacy
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Wireless MAC
PHY 1 FH-SST
PHY 2 DS-SST
PHY 3Infra-Red
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
Random Spreading Code
transmission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
baseband signal transmitted signal
freq freq
amplitude amplitude
signal recovery received signal
transmission Random Hopping Sequence
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Speed (Mbits)
Distance(metres)10 100 1000
Point-to-PointBuilding-to-Building
Directed
Diffuse
Infra-Red LAN Capabilities
docking station
10
1
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
bull spread spectrum amp IR supportedbull 24 GHz ISM band for world-widebull CSMA with Collision Avoidancebull initially 1 + 2 Mbits raw data ratesbull ~70m in-building range 100mWbull wire-equivalent privacy modebull power management facility
IEEE 80211 WLANs
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Supported Topologies
Peer-to-Peer Hierarchical
backbone network
basestation
basestation
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211 Original Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 2 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull supports ad hoc amp infrastructure configurations
bull 80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz band80211a Enhanced Wireless LAN in 5 GHz bandbull 54 Mbits peak bit rate supportedbull 27 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz band80211b Enhanced Wireless LAN in 24 GHz bandbull 11 Mbits with poor signal fallback to half ratebull 4-5 Mbits average throughput
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
bull 80211e WLAN QoS Enhancements80211e WLAN QoS Enhancementsbull introduces QoS facilities to support voicevideobull designed to support 80211a and 80211b bull also improves mobile and nomadic use
bull 80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz band80211g Higher-speed WLAN in 24 GHz bandbull extends 80211b to 20-54 Mbits via Orthogonal FDMbull backwards-compatible with 80211b devices
bull 80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz band80211h Higher-speed WLAN in 5 GHz bandbull extends 80211a for European CEPT frequencies
80211 Wireless LAN Family
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
bull 80211i Enhanced WLAN Security80211i Enhanced WLAN Securitybull definition of powerful wireless LAN security
bull encompasses 8021X TKIP amp AES protocols
bull includes authentication and encryption
bull 80211n High Throughput WLAN80211n High Throughput WLANbull targeting bit rates gt100 Mbits up to 250 Mbits
bull both 24 GHz and 5 GHz band being considered
bull standardisation completion planned for end 2005
bull Future Generation WLAN Future Generation WLAN Think TankThink Tankbull proposal for Gigabit WLAN in 56+GHz bands
with lower cost than GBE over cable for 2005-6
80211 Wireless LAN Family
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
IEEE 80211 standards and HiperLAN2
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Evolution of Gigabit Wireless LANs
Enterprise
SMEs
HomeSOHO
Phase 1
Phase 2
2000 2005
80211
80211b
80211a 2M
24GHz
54M
57GHz 11M
24GHz
80211g
QoS
54M
24GHz security
80211i80211e
Gi Fi
Phase 3
Enterprise gradeGigabit Ethernet
wireless-to-the-desktop
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Motivation for GWLAN -bull Increase in the use of wireless devices
bull Significant growth in Wireless local area networks (WLANrsquos) as they provide a data-based complement to wireless voice-based cellular networks
bull Resulted inndash Raise in demand for high-speed multimedia
data communications such as a huge data file transmission and real-time video streaming
ndash Markedly increasing wireless transmission with 1Gbps and beyond data rate became very essential
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Existing Issues -
bull Delay Spread in Radio Channel (Asymmetric Equalization) frq
bull MIMO
bull High Capability Antennas
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Other Issues -bull Compatibility with different
application and devices
bull Hardware Synchronization Hardware Design Aspects ndash Hardware at the end user (Rx)ndash Hardware at the Base Station (Tx)
bull Handoff (interoperability in the Local LAN with different APrsquos)
bull Cost of Design Deployment and Maintenance
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Other challenges -bull Coverage Area (Signaling distance)
bull Through-put
bull Power
bull Robustness
bull Quality of Service (Error Rate Packet lost etc)
bull Performance
bull Co-Existence with existing system
bull Issues pertaining to Outer door and indoor environment
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Roadmap ndash WLAN
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Deployment scenarios
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Home environmentbull Video streaming
ndash 20 MBits high qualityndash 3 hopsndash MAC overheadndash 100 MBitss
bull Internet download 100 Mbitsbull Audio (multi hop) 30 MBitsbull Multiple users amp applicationsbull Highly bursty traffic
ndash 1 GBits requiredbull Self-configuration zero maintenancebull Ad-hoc and multi-hop capabilities
Key challenges ease of use robustness QoS
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Enterprise environmentbull WLAN brought wirelessinterconnection to the office
ndash Work becomes detached from the desk
bull 100baseT and 1000baseT are state-of-the-artndash Wireless Gigabit required to match
enterprise demands
bull VoIP and video conference systems necessary in enterprise environmentsndash QoS support is mandatory for
wireless LAN in the office
Key challenges throughput quality of service securityprivacy
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Public Access [HotSpot]
1048712 ISP provide decentralized
internet (and intranet) access
1048712 Hot spot coverage
1048712 High numbers of users
(eg up to 50 users at 80m2)
1048712 Dramatic variation of maximum
transmission bit rate during
hand-off (vertical amp horizontal)
1048712 Highly flexible MAC required
1048712 Differing service requirements
Key challenges flexible high speed MAC trade range vs rate
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Public Access ndash Trains and Highways
bull Internet access in trains and cars
bull Hot spot coverage along railway tracks and highways
bull Access points in 100-300m distance
bull LOS conditionsndash High Doppler shift low
Doppler spreadndash ldquoStandardrdquo hot spot solutions
partly applicable
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Link Layer Options
1048712 ldquoConventionalrdquo Radio Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onMIMO-OFDM TDD Physical Layer1048712 Ultra Wideband=gtWG5 White Paper onUWB Technology and Future Perspectives1048712 Millimeter Wave Communications=gtUpcoming WG5 WWRF Briefing1048712 Optical Communications=gtWG5 White Paper onOptical Wireless Communications
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Main Challengesbull User data rates up to 100 MBits peak data
rate ~1 GBitsbull Efficient and flexible high speed MAC with
QoSbull Auto-configuration ad-hoc and multi-hop
capabilitiesbull Ease of integration in IP based backbonebull Coexistence with other systems
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Technology Trendsbull Baseband (focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo radio communications)
ndash Spatial diversity and multiplexing techniquesndash Multi-carrier modulationndash Turbo principle ndash iterative decoding equalization etcndash Adaptive modulation and coding
bull MACndash Avoid short data burst to minimize MAC overheadndash Superposed signaling (separate high rate from low rate data)ndash QoS support
bull Cross-layer optimization
bull Implementation issuesndash PAPR reduction baseband compensation for ldquoDirty RFrdquo
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Technology trends Baseband techniquesbull OFDM to efficiently equalize frequency selective
channelndash Enabler for high MAC granularity (OFDMA)ndash Preamble design ndash Guard interval vs IOTAOQAMndash Implementation issues ndash PAPR phase noise etc
bull MIMO to attain high spectral efficiencyndash Receiver processing ndash Linear PIC SIC ML-likendash Transmitter processing ndash Linear THP Lattice Precodingndash Channel estimation ndash More pilots needed
bull Iterative processing to minimize SNR requirementsndash Turbo equalization data aided channel estimation etcndash Processing power vs RF requirements trade-off
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Technology trends MAC issuesbull Efficiency (long PHY bursts short MAC PDUs)
ndash Fast ARQ Hybrid ARQndash New metrics for Link Adaptationndash Packet aggregation superposed signalingndash Multi-dimensional resource allocation (Time Frequency
Space)
bull Flexibility centralized vs distributed schedulingndash Coordinated on-demand resource allocationsndash Ensure high efficiency and low delay in high load regimendash Distributed allocation mechanisms (ad-hoc capabilities)
bull Self-configurationndash Topology amp coordination managementndash Efficient routing schemes with good dynamic properties
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Technology trends Cross-layer optimizationCombined optimization throughout the network
stack
bull PHY aware scheduling amp routingndash Channel conditions need to be taken into account
at higher layersndash Multi user scheduling for throughput maximization
(MIMO Multi User)
bull Quality of Service mechanismsndash Resource allocation based on service level
agreementsndash QoS aware error control
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Standardizationbull IEEE 80211a (WLAN)
ndash Data rates 54 MBitsndash OFDM carrier at 5 GHzndash PHY almost identical to ETSIBRAN HiperLAN2
bull IEEE 80211n (high throughput study group)ndash Data rates 108-320 MBits (100 MBits on MAC SAP 20
MHz BW)ndash MIMO-OFDM carriers at 24 5 GHz
bull IEEE 80215 (WPAN)ndash Relevant subgroup 8021533a (High rate Alternative
PHY)ndash PHY data rates up to ~ 500 MBitsndash Multi-band OFDM DS-CDMAndash Carriers at 35 ndash 10 GHz ultra wide bands
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Gigabit Wireless Applications Using 60 GHz Radios
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Deploymentbull Smaller Range
Medium Range
Large Range
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
bull Technologyndash License-free 60 GHz radios have unique characteristics that
make them substantially different from traditional 24 GHz or 5 GHz license-free radios as well as setting them apart from licensed-band millimeter-wave radios The attributes of 60 GHz radios that arise from these characteristics include
middot License-free deployment
middot Multi-gigabit operation
middot Ability to co-locate multiple radios on a single roof or mast
middot Immunity to interference
middot Security from signal interception
middot Ease of installation
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Factorsbull Rainfall Limitations
bull Oxygen Absorption
bull Narrow Beams Antennas
bull License-Free Spectrum
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
bull The 60 GHz band is an excellent choice for high-speed Internet data and voice communications
bull offering the following key benefitsbull middot Unlicensed operation - no need to spend significant time and money to
obtain a licensebull from FCCbull middot Highly secure operation - resulting from short transmission distances due to
oxygenbull absorption and narrow antenna beam widthbull middot Virtually interference-free operation - resulting from short transmission
distances due tobull oxygen absorption narrow antenna beam width and limited use of 60 GHz
spectrumbull middot High level of frequency re-use enabled - communication needs of multiple
customersbull within a small geographic region can be satisfiedbull middot Fiber optic data transmission speeds possible - 7 GHz of continuous
bandwidth availablebull compared to lt03 GHz at the other unlicensed bandsbull middot Mature technology - long history of this spectrum being used for secure
communicationsbull middot Carrier-class communication links enabled - 60 GHz links can be
engineered to deliverbull five nines of availability if desired
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
Comparative Summary of FSO 60GHz and Hybrid Systems
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
ConclusionMain challengesbull Extremely high peak data rates
ndash High spectral efficiency requirements on PHYndash Efficient and flexible high speed MACndash Cross-layer optimization
bull Integration into B3G coexistence with other systems
bull The realization ldquoWireless Gigabitrdquo requires challenges on all layers of the network stack to be tackled ndash jointly
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
References -WWRF documents1048712 WWRF WG5 White Paper ldquoNew Radio Interfaces for Short
Range Communicationsrdquo1048712 WWRF Book of Visions 2001 httpwwwwireless-world-
researchorgPublications1048712 Karine Gosse et al ldquoThe Evolution of 5 GHz WLAN Toward
Higher Throughputsrdquobull IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine December 2003Projects1048712 WINNER httpwwwist-winnerorg1048712 BROADWAY httpwwwist-broadwayorg1048712 Chinese FuTURE Project httpfuture863orgcn1048712 Wigwam httpwwwwigwam-projectcomStandardization and Alliances1048712 IEEE 80211151620 httpwwwieee802org1048712 ETSI BRAN HiperLAN2
httpportaletsiorgbranktaHiperlanhiperlan2asp1048712 ARIB MMAC httpwwwariborjpmmace
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
bull IEEE Std 80211 2004rdquoIntegration of Hybrid Fibre Radio and IEEE 80211 WLAN networkrdquo Kenneth K L Ho and J E Mitchell
bull IEEE VOL 44 NO 8rdquoGiga bit indoor wireless communication with Direction Antennardquo Peter F Driessen Senior Member IEEE
bull Broadband U-NI1 Wireless Data N Weste D Skellern and T PercivalElectronics Department Macquarie University Sydney Australia Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics CSIRO Sydney Australia
bull IEEE Std 80211 1999 Edition Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
bull 3 IEEE Std 80211b-1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer Extension in the 24 GHz
bull 4 IEEE Std 80211a -1999 (Supplement to IEEE Std 80211-1999) Part II Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band
bull 5Pierre A Humblet Serge Huthuin Louis Rame ldquoA MULTIACCESS PROTOCOL FOR HIGH-SPEED WLANrdquo French Patent Dec 2002
bull AN SDMA ALGORITHM FOR HIGH-SPEED WLAN Patrick Vandenameele Liesbet Van Der Perre Bert Gyselinckx arc Engels Hugo De Mans Interuniversity Micro Electronics Centre (IMEC) Kapeldreef 753001 Heverlee ndash Belgium
bull D J Skellern et al A High-speed Widess LAN IEEE Micro vol 17 no 1 pp 40-7 Jan-Febr 1997bull ISSUES IN HIGH-SPEED WLANS David J Skellern Alex C K Lam and Neil Weste Radiata Communications Pty
LtdMacquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia bull Challenges and Opportunities in Broadband and Wireless Communication Designs Jan MRabaey Miodrag
Potkonjak2 Farinaz Koushanfar Suet-Fei Lit Tim Tuan EECS Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 CS EE Departments University of California Los Angeles CA 90095
bull IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 48 No 3 AUGUST 2002 ldquoA MEASUREMENT BASED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SPACE-FREQUENCY MIMO DETECTION AND DECODING TECHNIQUES FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS LANS ldquoRobert Piechocki Paul Fletcherrsquo Andrew Nix Nishan Canagarajah and Joe McGeehan
bull ldquo125Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60GHz-BandrdquoKeiichi Ohata Kenichi Maruhashi Masaham Ito Shuya Kishimoto Kazuhiro Ikuina
bull ldquoSOC Design of an IF Subsampling Terminal for a GigabitWireless LAN with Asymmetric Equalizationrdquo Holly Pekau Joshua K Nakaska Jim Kulyk Grant McGibney James W Haslett
bull ldquoPerformance Analysis of the Out-of-Band Signaling Scheme for High Speed Wireless LANs Juki Wirawan Tantra Chuan Heng Foh Giuseppe Bianchi Ilenia Tinnirello
bull ldquoA 60 GHz Transceiver with Multi-Gigabit Data Rate Capabilityrdquo Bruce Bosco Steve Franson Rudy Emrick Steve Rockwell John Holmes
