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G. Washington 1789-1797
• First President • Set lots of precedents– Bank of US – Veto– Whiskey Rebellion– Neutrality– Use of Cabinet– 2 terms
• No official party affiliation • Heavily influenced by Hamilton
J. Adams 1797-1801
• Federalist• XYZ Affair, Quasi War,
Alien and Sedition Acts
• Loses re-election in very close election of 1800
T. Jefferson 1801-1809
• Democratic Republican• 3 Way election of 1800• Lousiana Purchase• Embargo Act• Shrinks gov• Does not try to
overturn the bank• Barbary Pirates War
J. Madison 1809-1817
• Democratic Republican
• “Father of the Constitution”
• Embargo • War of 1812
J. Monroe 1817-1825• D/R **• Last of “Founding
Fathers”• Era of Good
Feelings• Monroe Doctrine• Missouri
Compromise• Panic of 1819
John Quincy Adams – 1825-1829
• New generation • No clear party rivalry • Corrupt Bargain
election / Rivalry with Jackson
• Fails to adapt to electoral / campaigning shifts
• Single term
Andrew Jackson – 1829 - 1837
• Democrat• Expands Presidential Power• Expands Voting Rights• Indian Removal • Conflict with the Bank • Love ‘em or hate ‘em figure• Spurs growth of Whig Party
• “Mr. Marshall has issued his ruling.. Now let’s see him enforce it.”
Martin Van Buren 1837-1841
• Democrat • “The Little
Magician”• Had been
political brains behind Jackson
• Panic of 1837 • 1 term president
Harrison, Tyler 1841-1845• Harrison – 1812 War
Hero, Hard Cider Campaign – 1st President to die in office (1 month)
• Tyler – “His Accidency” – Has little power / authority because he ascended / wasn’t elected
• Tyler – Annexes TX near end of term
James K. Polk 1845-1849
• Democrat• The Dark Horse• Manifest Destiny • 54 40 or Fight• Mexican War • Does not seek re-
election
Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1849-1861
• Several “who cares” presidencies
• Real leaders were in Congress
• Their poor leadership contributed to the 1850s crises
Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865• 1st Republican• Speeches – “House
divided”, “Gettysburg”, “2nd Inaugural”
• Election spurs secession• Key leadership in Civil War• Biggest use of Prez power
since Jackson• Generous plan for
reconstruction • 1st President Assassinated
Andrew Johnson 1861-1869• Ascends due to
Lincoln’s death• Democrat / Southerner• Clashes with Congress
over Reconstruction • Impeached over
Tenure of Office Act• Survives but is
politically powerless after impeachment
Ulysses S. Grant 1869-1877
• War hero President – Great general – Bad president
• Freedmen votes helped elect him
• Many corrupt officials in his government
• Credit Moblier Scandal
Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland 1877-1897
• Weak “caretaker presidents” of the Gilded Age
• Time period of high voter participation, but few major differences in the ideology of the parties
• Republicans – Bloody Shirt, Tariffs, Pro-Business, Supported by Freedmen
• Democrats – Reinvention , New South, Supported by westerners and immigrants
• Compromise of 1877, Pendleton Act, Slaughterhouse Cases, Sherman Act
• Plessy v. Ferguson
William McKinley 1897 - 1901
• Hawaii• Spanish American War /
Philippines • Open Door Policy• Questions over Tariffs
and Coinage of Silver• Last Bloody Shirt
Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909
• Rough Rider• Conservation• Big Stick• Square Deal• Progressives /
Muckrakers• Panama• Treaty of Portsmouth
William Taft 1909-1913
• TR’s Successor• Dollar Diplomacy • Surprisingly
Conservative• Height of Immigration
Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921• “Bull Moose” Election• Surprisingly Progressive• Interventionism in Caribbean • Mexico • Bank and trust reform • Height of Lynching / Riots• WWI / Treaty of Versailles• Income Tax, Direct Election
of Senators, Suffrage, Prohibition
Harding, Coolidge, Hoover1921-1933
• “a return to normalcy”• “the business of America is
business”• The “roaring 20s”• Great Migration, Harlem
Renaissance• Consumer Economy / speculative
buying• Perceived wealth v. reality • Isolationism• Prohibition / Organized Crime• 1929 Crash Start of Depression • Trickle Down Economics
Franklin Roosevelt 1933-1945• Height of Great Depression• Brains Trust• New Deal – Bank Holiday– Alphabet Agencies– Social Security– Fireside Chats
• Arsenal of Democracy / Lend Lease
• WWII • “the only thing we have to
fear, is fear itself
Truman 1945-1953• End of WWII• Start of Cold War / NATO• Truman Doctrine and
Marshall Plan• Containment• Korean War –
Desegregation of Military• Maintaining New Deal
Programs • Taft Hartley Act • “the buck stops here”
Eisenhower (1953-1961) • General – WWII D-Day • Start of Arms Race• Interstate Highway system• Guatemala Interventions• Start of Vietnam• Brown v. Board of Ed.• Federal De-Segregation• New Youth Culture• Quote: “beware the rise of
the military industrial complex”
Kennedy (1961-1963)• only Catholic Prez• Television• Berlin Wall • Bay of Pigs • Cuban Missile Crisis• Expansion of Vietnam • Camelot image, Space
program, Peace Corps • “ask not what your country
can do for you, but what you can do for your country”
Johnson (1963-1969)• Escalation of Vietnam• Anti War / Anti Government • Great Society• Civil Rights Bills • Hippies / Counterculture • “I’m not going to send American
boys over to do what Asian boys should be doing for themselves”
Nixon (1969-1974)• Expansion / End of Vietnam• Détente• Relations with China• Watergate• Man on the moon• Institutes some Great Society • Race Riots• Roe v. Wade• “you won’t have Richard
Nixon to kick around anymore”
Ford (1974-1977)
• Endgame of Vietnam• Oil Problems / OPEC• Challenge to US
industry• Inflation / Stagflation
Carter (1977-1981)• Governor of Georgia• Camp David Accords• Oil Crisis• Iran Hostage Crisis• Soviet Invasion of
Afghanistan• Inflation /
Unemployment • 3 Mile Island • Disco
Reagan (1981-1989)
Cold War Re-intensification“Reaganomics”De-regulationIran Contra ScandalLibya Issues Grenada“it’s morning in America”“the Soviet Union is an evil
empire”
Bush (late 80s early 90s)• Before Prez– Ambassador, CIA director, VP
• For Policy as Prez– Panama, Gulf War, Early Somalia
• Dom Policy as Pres– Continue Reagan era Deregulation– Recession that he refuses to name
• Quote: “Read my lips, no new taxes”
Clinton (90s)
• Before Prez1. Governor of AR
• As Prez– Whitewater Scandal
a. Real Estate Dealb. Special Prosecuterc. Lewinskyd. Impeachmente. Result
– Tech Boom, Stock Market Boom– Waco, Oklahoma City – Somalia, Kosovo– 1st WTC Bombing, Kenya/ Tanzania Embassy Bombings, USS Cole
C. Quote: “It’s the economy, stupid!”
Bush II (2001-2009)• Before Prez
– Oil Business, Baseball Business,Governor of TX
– “Compassionate Conservative”• As Prez
– Influenced by old “neocons” – 9/11– Afghanistan / Iraq Wars – Return to Reagan style Tax Cuts / De-
Regulation– Hurricane Katrina – Great Recession of 2008
• Quote ; “N. Korea, Iran, and Iraq constitute an axis of evil”
Obama (2009 - • Before President:
– Community organizer, Senator (IL), 2004 convention
• As President– Great Recession of 2008
• The Jobless Recovery– Health Care Law (Obamacare)– End of Iraq / Afghanistan Wars – Benghazi Attack– MidEast Revolutions … $4 gas
Quote – “If you like the health insurance you have now, you can keep it.”