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G.463. M.305. 1922. LEA tUJ 0? NATIONS. Geneva, gr?ÜA?IOH ...€¦ · Uvd July 7th, 1522, from M....

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G.463. M.305. 1922. LEA tUJ 0? NATIONS. Geneva, ..... - £ gth July 19‘ gr?ÜA?IOH_OF_ 331 AIT 1 IN POLAND Note "by the Secretary-General. The Secretary Generr 1 has the honour to circulate to the Lncil and the Members of the League the attached Memorandum, U vd J u l y 7 t h , 1522, from M. Tytus Filipowioz, Minister Pleni- iotoiitiary and President of the Int erndni sfjor ial Commise ion for Mian Relief, i-ulativu to the problem of the Russian Refugees in ,’o l a n d . Ag this memorandum relates to the questions discussed at II Conference of Government rv ore sent - tives on Identity Cvrtif i- $tus for Russian Refugees, held on July 3rd to 5th, at ’vhich the krnan and Hungarian Governments were represented ,this document is [l^o being circulated to these Governments. ova, July 14th 19 22. translation RÏÏS3I AN H-SPUgaaS IN POLAND Memor a n dum by M. Tytus Pi3J.poi’ricz_. Geneva, July 7, 19 22. The geogr phical situation of Poland, as immediate neighbour °i both Russian and. the Ukraine, was one of the causes of the in- ■asion of the country by large numbers of refugees coming from Pt east. The desperate state of affairs in Russia since the ins- titution of Soviet rule c' used a movement of emigration towards [oM-nd; the dangers of this movement were at first comparatively i'Sit and in consequence the Polish Government adopted e benevo- a t t i tucks. Pcl.nd having suffered so severely herself in the Eriod subsequent to her Partition, could not remain indifferent I ^n0 lot of the unfortunate Russian Refugees, who were obliged lXTur Revolution to leave their country for politic? 1 rce cons, to seek refuge in other lands* Poland has all the more sympathy El the sufferings of these exiles in that formerly her heroic
Transcript
Page 1: G.463. M.305. 1922. LEA tUJ 0? NATIONS. Geneva, gr?ÜA?IOH ...€¦ · Uvd July 7th, 1522, from M. Tytus Filipowioz, Minister Pleni- iotoiitiary and President of the Int erndni sfjor

G.4 6 3 . M.305 . 1922.LEA tUJ 0? NATIONS. Geneva,

— .....- £ g t h J u l y 1 9 ‘gr?ÜA?IOH_OF_ 331 AIT 1 IN POLAND

N o te "by t h e S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l .

The S e c r e t a r y G e n e r r 1 h a s t h e h o n o u r t o c i r c u l a t e t o t h e L nci l and t h e Members o f t h e L e a g u e t h e a t t a c h e d Memorandum, U vd J u l y 7 t h , 1 5 2 2 , f r o m M. T y t u s F i l i p o w i o z , M i n i s t e r P l e n i - iotoiitiary and P r e s i d e n t o f t h e I n t e r n d n i s f jo r i a l Commise i o n f o r

Mian R e l i e f , i - u l a t i v u t o t h e p r o b l e m o f t h e R u s s i a n R e f u g e e s in ,’oland.

Ag t h i s memorandum r e l a t e s t o t h e q u e s t i o n s d i s c u s s e d a t II C on fe re n ce o f G o v e r n m e n t r v o r e s e n t - t i v e s on I d e n t i t y C v r t i f i - $tus f o r R u s s i a n R e f u g e e s , h e l d on J u l y 3 r d t o 5 t h , a t ’v h i c h t h e krnan and H u n g a r i a n G o v e r n m e n t s w e r e r e p r e s e n t e d , t h i s d o c u m e n t i s [l o b e in g c i r c u l a t e d t o t h e s e G o v e r n m e n t s .

ova, J u l y 1 4 t h 19 22 .

translat i o n

RÏÏS3I AN H-SPUgaaS IN POLAND

Memor a n dum by M. T y t u s P i3 J .p o i ’ricz_.

G e n e v a , J u l y 7 , 19 22 .

The g e o g r p h i c a l s i t u a t i o n o f P o l a n d , a s i m m e d i a t e n e i g h b o u r

°i both R u s s i a n and. t h e U k r a i n e , was one o f t h e c a u s e s o f t h e i n -

■asion o f t h e c o u n t r y b y l a r g e n u m b e r s o f r e f u g e e s c o m i n g f r o m

P t e a s t .

The d e s p e r a t e s t a t e o f a f f a i r s i n R u s s i a s i n c e t h e i n s ­

t i tu t ion of S o v i e t r u l e c ' u s e d a movement o f e m i g r a t i o n t o w a r d s

[oM-nd; t h e d a n g e r s o f t h i s movement w e r e a t f i r s t c o m p a r a t i v e l y

i'Sit and i n c o n s e q u e n c e t h e P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t a d o p t e d e b e n e v o -

a t t i tucks. P c l . n d h a v i n g s u f f e r e d so s e v e r e l y h e r s e l f i n t h e

Er iod s u b s e q u e n t t o h e r P a r t i t i o n , c o u l d n o t r e m a i n i n d i f f e r e n t

I n0 l o t o f t h e u n f o r t u n a t e R u s s i a n R e f u g e e s , who w e r e o b l i g e d

lXTur R e v o l u t i o n t o l e a v e t h e i r c o u n t r y f o r p o l i t i c ? 1 r c e c o n s ,

to s e e k r e f u g e i n o t h e r l a n d s * P o l a n d h a s a l l t h e more s y m p a t h y

El

the s u f f e r i n g s o f t h e s e e x i l e s i n t h a t f o r m e r l y h e r h e r o i c

Page 2: G.463. M.305. 1922. LEA tUJ 0? NATIONS. Geneva, gr?ÜA?IOH ...€¦ · Uvd July 7th, 1522, from M. Tytus Filipowioz, Minister Pleni- iotoiitiary and President of the Int erndni sfjor

- 2-

conSt a f t e r s n>euin . . ry s t r u g g l e s f o r t h e l i b e r t y o f t h e i r c o u n t r y ,

„,.ru a l s o o b l i g e d t o s e e k ho e p i t a l i t y a b r o d , i n S w i t z e r l a n d , i n

j»r ance and t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s .

F o r h u m a n i t a r i a n r e a s o n s , t h e r e f o r e , t h e P o l i s h Go­

vernment d i d n o t i m p o s e a n y c h e c k on t h e f l o o d o f e m i g r a t i o n ,

c o n s i d e r i n g t h e -ore so n e e o f t h e r e f u g e e s a s t e m p o r a r y , a n d i s

p r e l i m i n a r y t o t h e i r d e f i n i t e - s e t t l e m e n t in o t h e r c o u n t r i e s .

. 5 v e n t s , h o w e v e r , h ' -vo n o t c o n f i r m e - t h e s e a n t i c i p a ­

t i on? . The e c o n o m i c s i t u , t i o n o f S o V i e t R u s s i a g r e w w o r s e a n d

worse, end t h e f a m i n e and t e r r o r w h i c h p r e v a i l e d t h e r e h a v e h e l p e d

to t r a n s f o r m t h i s mo ve ment o f e m i g r a t i o n i n t o a m i g r a t i o n o f

e n t i r e p o p u l a t i o n s .

o

o o

The R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s i n the t e r r i t o r y o f t h e P o l i s h

Haoublic c o n s i s t o f v e r y m ix e d e l e m e n t s . P o l i t i c - 5 1 e-migr; n t s

f l e e i n g f r o m the p e r s e c u t i o n o f the S o v i e t s , f i n a n c i e r s , m a n u f a c ­

t u r e r s , t r a d e r s d e s i r o u s o f s a v i n g t h e r e m n a n t s o f t h e i r f o r t u n e s ,

small d e a l e r s u n a b l e to f i n d a n y o p e n i n g f o r t r a d e u n d e r t h e new

s o c i a l s y s t e m , J ew s f l e e i n g f r o m the p o g r o m s , - a l l ha ve s o u g h t r e f

in P o l a n d , - o v e r p o p u l ? t i n g the t o w n s a nd i n c r e a s i n g t h e d e . t r -

ness o f f o o d and t h e s c . . r c i t y o f a c c o m m o d a t i o n .

The r e f u g e e s may be d i v i d e d i n t o two d i s t i n c t c a t e ­

g o r i e s :

1 . P o l i t i c a l r e f u g e e s p e r s e c u t e d b y t h e B o l s h e v i k a u t h o r i t i e s , and

2. Refugees s e e k i n g a n i m p r o v e m e n t i n t h e c o n d i t i o n sof life,

I t s h o u l d be s t a t e d t h a t o f l a t e a l a r g e num be r o f

Russ ian r e f u g e e s h a v e a l s o b e e n c o m i n g i n f r o m t h e w e s t e r n c o u n ­

t r i e s . The p r i n c i p a l c a u s e o f t h i s movement i s t h e q u e s t i o n o f

t'h v' v e x c h a n g e . A ppu m in g f o r u x a m p l e th: t a R u s s i a n who h a d f o r -

Page 3: G.463. M.305. 1922. LEA tUJ 0? NATIONS. Geneva, gr?ÜA?IOH ...€¦ · Uvd July 7th, 1522, from M. Tytus Filipowioz, Minister Pleni- iotoiitiary and President of the Int erndni sfjor

wjvly s u c c e e d e d i n t a k i n g h i s s a v i n g s a b r a a d , h a d now o n l y 5 , CCO

Swiss f r a n c s l u f t - t h r t i s t o s a y ï a r d l y t ,,ro y e a r ê s a s s u r e d

s u b s i s t e n c e - h o c o a i d , by c h a n g i n g h i s money i n t o P o l i s h c u r r e n c y ,

o b t a i n 4 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 P o l i s h m a r k s , - a sum w h i c h r e p r e s e n t s more t h a n

11 y e a r s s u b s i s t e n c e i n P o l a n d , r e c k o n i n g an a v e r a g e e x p e n d i t u r e

of 1 , 0 0 0 m a r k s a d a y .

P o l i t i c a l r e f u g e e s , b e l o n g i n g t o t h o f i r s t c a t e g o r y , '

un joy t h e r i g h t o f r e m a i n i n g i n P o l ' nd f o r a n i n d e f i n i t e p e r i o d ,

in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r i n c i p l e o f t h o r i g h t o f a s y l u m , p r o v i d e d

however t h a t t h o i r a c t i o n s do n o t p r e j u d i c e t h e i n t e r o / s t s o f t h e

St t e and do n o t c o n s t i t u t e a d a n g e r to p u b l i c s e c u r i t y » I w m i g r r n t s

who h a v e c r o s s e d t h e f r o n t i e r i l l e g a l l y a r e n o t m o l e s t e d b y t h e

P o l i s h a u t h o r i t i e s , when t h e y h a v e o n œ / e s t a b l i shod t h e f a c t t h a t

they b e l o n g t o t h i s c a t e g o r y , a n d t h e y r e ç o i v e p e r m i t s t o r e s i d e

in P o l a n d .

R e f u g e e s i n t h e s e c o n d c a t e g o r y c a n n o t c l a i m t o b e

t r e a t e d a s p o l i t i c a l e m i g r a n t s » b u t t h e y a r e p e r m i t t e d t o r e m a i n

t e m p o r a r i l y , o v e n t h o u g h t h e y t o o may h a v e e n t e r e d P o l a n d i l l e g a l l y

and w i t h o u t t h o c o n s e n t o f t h e P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t , p r o v i d e d t h a t

they s u b m i t t o t h e r e g u l a t i o n s l a i d down r e g a r d i n g t h e s u p e r v i s i o n

of f o r e i g n e r s . The i n f l u x o f r e f u g e e s o f t h i s c a t e g o r y w h i c h f o r

h u m a n i t a r i a n r e a s o n s w a s t o l e r a t e d u n t i l 19 S i , was s u b s e q u e n t l y

r e s t r i c t e d , a s t h e P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t c o u l d no l o n g e r s u b o r d i n a t e

the s e c u r i t y o f t h e S t a t e t o t h e s e c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , b y a l l o w i n g

the d a n g e r o f i n v a s i o n on t h e p a r t o f l a r g e n u m b e r s o f r e f u g e e s

from t h e i n t e r i o r o f R u s s i a , i n a s t a r v i n g c o n d i t i o n a n d b e a r i n g

w*th them t h e g e r m s o f c o n t : g i o u s d i s e a s e s . I n t h o s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s ,

the P o l i s h g o v e r n m e n t f o u n d itself c o m p e l l e d t o c l o s e t h e e a s t e r n

f r o n t i e r , a l t h o u g h a n e x c e p t i o n w a s s t i l l made i n f a v o u r o f p o l i ­

t i c a l r e f u g e e s . I t was a l s o c o m p e l l e d t o i s s u e s p e c i a l r e g u l a t i o n s

for R u ss ian n a t i o n a l s w i s h i n g t o e n t e r o r t r a v e l t h r o u g h P o l a n d ;

Page 4: G.463. M.305. 1922. LEA tUJ 0? NATIONS. Geneva, gr?ÜA?IOH ...€¦ · Uvd July 7th, 1522, from M. Tytus Filipowioz, Minister Pleni- iotoiitiary and President of the Int erndni sfjor

they have t o a p p l y t o t h e P o l i s h C o n s u l a t e o f t h e d i s t r i c t i n w h ic h

they l i v e , a n d f i l l up a f o r m w h i c h i s s u b m i t t e d f o r t h e c o n s i d e ­

r a t i o n o f t h e P o l i s h a u t h o r i t i e s . The l a t t e r ? : lm. 'ys e n d e a v o u r a s

far as p o s s i b l e t o g r a n t t h e a p o l i c - t i o n . R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s '"'ho

have o b t a i n e d a p e r m i t o f a n t r y o r o f t r a n s i t , a n d -vho c r n p r o d u c e

a c e r t i f i c a t e o f d e s t i t u t i o n , r e c e i v e t h e i r v i s a f r e e o f c h a r g e .

I n v i e w o f t h e T r e a t y o f R i g a and t h e du j ure, r e c o g n i ­

tion by P o l a n d o f t h e S o v i e t G o v e r n m e n t , t h e l e g a l s t a t u s o f r e f u ­

gees i n P o l a n d i s e s s e n t i a l l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h a t i n o t h e r c o u n ­

t r i e s w h ic h h a v e n o t s i g n e d a n y t r e a t y w i t h t h e B o l s h e v i s t G o v e r n ­

ment. The T r e a t y o f R i g a d o e s n o t a l l o w t h e P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t t o

harbour R u s s i a n s p u r s u i n g u . n t i - B h l s h e v i k a c t i v i t i e s ; on t h v o t h e r

hand, t h e s e c u r i t y o f t h e S t a t e p r e c l u d e s t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n i n t o

the c o u n t r y o f p e r s o n s l i k e l y t o c a r r y on B o l s h e v i k p r o p a g ' n d i1. The

problem o f t h e R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s i s t h u s r e n d e r e d s t i l l more d i f ­

f icu l t f o r t h e P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t t o s o l v e .

The a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d r e g u l a t i o n s w e r e d i c t a t e d n o t o n l y

Dy p o l i t i c a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s b u t a l s o on e c o n o m i c - r o u n d s s u c h a s

the food q u e s t i o n nd t h e s c a r c i t y o f a c c o m m o d a t i o n .

I t s h o u l d be a d d e d t h a t , i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e r e p a ­

r a t i o n a g r e e m e n t c o n c l u d e d b e t w e e n P o l a n d , R u s s i a a n d t h e U k r a i -

Qui th e P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t i s o b l i g e d t o r e p a t r i a t e n o t o n l y P o l i s h

M i o n a l s b u t a l s o R u s s i a n n a t i o n a l s who w e r e l i v i n g i n P o l a n d

^ f o r e A u g u s t 1 s t . IS 14 .

I t i s i m p o s s i b l e a s y e t t o e s t i m e t e w i t h v n y a c c u r a c y t h e

i-v-ct number o f R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s i n P o l a n d , a s t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e

j c ^ Cvnsus o f t h e f o r e i g n p o p u l a t i o n h a v e n o t y e t b e e n p u b l i s h e d .

F should b e m e n t i o n e d h e r e t h a t t h e s t r i c t c l o s i n g o f t h e f r o n t i e r

■‘-wrbci t o a b o v e o n l y t o o k p l a c e a t t h e e n d o f l a s t y e a r , 1 nd p i tn xh d a t e

Tn-j-t/, t h e r e f o r e , t h e e n t r y o f e m i g r a n t s w a s n o t s u b j e c t t o

Page 5: G.463. M.305. 1922. LEA tUJ 0? NATIONS. Geneva, gr?ÜA?IOH ...€¦ · Uvd July 7th, 1522, from M. Tytus Filipowioz, Minister Pleni- iotoiitiary and President of the Int erndni sfjor

jr/ c o n t r o l , - a f a c t w h i c h made i t d i f f i c u l t f o r t h e P o l i s h aut­

h o r i t i e s t o o b t a i n a n y a c c u r a t e s t a t i s t i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n . I t w i l l

■>rdly be p o s s i b l e to o b t a i n t h o f i n a l f i g u r e s u n t i l I S 83, b u t

he number o f r e f u g e e s i n P o l a n d may i n a n y c o s e be e s t i m a t e d a t

everal h u n d r e d s o f t h o u s a n d s , o f w h i c h o n l y p o r t a r e o f f i c i a l l y

;gi s t e r e o . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e r e f u g e e s , t h e r e ,*re 2 4 , 8 4 8 R u s s i a n s

|nc! U k r a i n i a n s , f o r m e r l y c o m b a t a n t s i n t h e a n t i - S o v i e t A r m i e s , i n

the i n t e r n m e n t c a m p s a t S t r z a l k o w o , I C a l i s s and. T u c h o l a . 5 , 0 0 0 o f

them e r e f o r t h e t i m e b e i n g e m p l o y e d i n a g r i c u l t u r a l l a b o u r ; t h e

lost o f m a i n t a i n i n g t h e o t h e r 2 0 , 0 0 0 a m o u n t s t o more t h a n 500

l i l l i o n P o l i s h m a r k s p e r m o n th ( , £ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ) .

The P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t , i n a s p i r i t o f b e n e v o l e n c e t o w a r d s

ussian R e f u g e e s , end i n v i e w o f t h e i r p e c u l i r l y d i f f i c u l t s i t u a ­

tion, d e c i d e d , a s f r o m A p r i l 1 9 2 1 , to g r a n t t h e m s p e c i a l - p a s s p o r t s

to t r e v e l t o o t h e r c o u n t r i e s w h e r e t h e y m i g h t f i n d i t e r s i e r t o

obtain r e m u n e r a t i v e e m p l o y m e n t . A s p e c i m e n o f t h i s p a s s p o r t was

submitted a t t h e l a s t C o n f o r o n c e h e l d a t t h e O f f i c e s o f t h e Le gue

N a t i o n s on J u l y 3 r d - 5 t h o f t h i s y e a r .

I t i s t o b e r e g r e t t e d t h a t t h o r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f f o r e i g n

Count r ies ' c c r e d i f i e d t o t h o P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t h a v e h i t h e r t o e i t h e r

p h a s e d t o a f f i x t h e i r v i s a s t o t h e s e p a s s p o r t s , o r h a v e demandedr e c e i v e

p a a f f t x t h a t t h e P o l i s h a u t h o r i t i e s s h o u l d u n d e r t a k e t o / e m i g r a n t s

'« tu rn ing t o P o l a n d . jSvery c o u n t r y h a s e m p l o y e d t h e v a r i o u s m e t h o d s

ai- i t s d i s p o s a l t o s t o p t h e wave o f R u s s i a n e m i g r f t i o n .

T h u s THE C0ITSUIATjD__0F_jPH^ UFIT.J STATES AS 17ARSA’/ o n l y

pr in ted v i s a s f o r t h e p a s s p o r t s o f t h r e e c a t o g o r i e s o f R u s s i a n

- ^ u g e e s , n a m e l y ; -

1 . w i v e s r e j o i n i n g t h e i r h u s b a n d s ,

2 , c h i l d r e n u n d e r 18 y e a r s o f a g e r e j o i n i n g t h e i r p a r e n t s ,

3 » p a r e n t s o f more t h a n 65 y e a r s o f a g e g o i n g t o l i v e

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- h -

Vi s a s h a v e s o m e t i m e s b e e n r e f u s e d , e v e n t h o u g h t h e nu m b e r

of R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s c o m i n g u n d e r t h e s e t h r e e c a t e g o r i e s i s v e r y

small- E ven when t h e e m i g r a n t was n o t i m m e d i a t e l y i n f o r m e d o f t h e

r e f u s a l t o g r a n t a v i s a , h e h a d t o w a i t f r o m 3 t o 6 m o n t h s f o r

the d e c i s i o n , a n d to s p e n d d u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d t h e money i n t e n d e d

for t h e j o u r n e y . ' î o r e o v e r , t h e v i s a d i d n o t g u a r a n t e e ; f r e e e n t r y

in to t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ; t h e f i n a l a u t h o r i s a t i o n l a y w i t h t h e

American E m i g r a t i o n C o m m i s s i o n ,

I n a d d i t i o n , t h e A m e r i c a n a u t h o r i t i e s demanded t h a t t h e

P o l i sh G o v e r n m e n t s h o u l d c e r t i f y t h e R u s s i a n o r i g i n o f t h e r e f u ­

gees t o whom t h e y g r a n t e d p a s s p o r t s , - a n a b s o l u t e i m p o s s i b i l i t y ,

in v i e w o f t h e c l a u s e s o f t h e T r e a t y o f R i g a r e l a t i n g t o t h i s

m a t t e r . T h i s i s a n a d d i t i o n a l o b s b a ^ i e t o R u s s i a n e m i g r a t i o n to

the U n i t e d S t a t e s .

THE BRITISH CONSULATE AT V/ARSA’7, w h o se v i s a i s n e c e s s a r y

in o r d e r t o p r o c e e d t o C a n a d a , h a s so f a r s y s t e m a t i c a l l y r e f u s e d

i t i f t h e p a s s p o r t d i d n o t c e r t i f y t h e h o l ü u r t o be a R u s s i a n

s u b j e c t . I n t h e r a r e c a s e s i n w h i c h t h e s e v i s a s w e r e g r a n t e d , t h e

Canadian a u t h o r i t i e s r e f u s e d t o a d m i t t h e r e f u g e e s i n v i r t u e o f

the C a n a d i a n l a w on t h e c o n t i n u i t y c f j o u r n e y s . I n c o n f o r m i t y

with t h i s l a w , o n l y t h o s e e m i g r a n t s who a r r i v e d i r e c t l y f r o m

t h e i r c o u n t r y o f o r i g i n , and who h a v e n o t s t o p p e d on t h e way i n

any o t h e r c o u n t r y , a r e p e r m i t t e d t o l a n d . I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h i s

law t h e i r s t a y , i n P o l a n d was c o n s i d e r e d a s s u f f i c i e n t g r o u n d s

for r e f u s i n g t h e m a d m i t t a n c e . 1 e r t h o s e r e a s o n s i t h a s b e e n t h e

P r a c t i c e o f t h e C a n a d i a n G o v e r n m e n t t o s en d t h e R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s

back to P o l a n d .

The B r i t i s h C o n s u l a t e h a s n o t so f a r g i v ^ n a v i s a f o r

^;V^_T__BRITAin, i n t h e c a s e o f p a s s p o r t s g r a n t e d i n P o l a n d t o

Russ ian r e f u g e e s -

I t h a s h i t h v r t o a l l o w e d s u c h e m i g r a n t s a s p o s s e s s e d mor

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- 7-

than £ 2 0 0 t o l a n d i n PALEST I HZ; b u t R v s s i an r e f u g u e s b o l d i n g

such p a s s p o r t s o n l y r e c e i v e v i s ; g i n e x c e p t i o n a l c- s u s , vVen

though t h e y a r e i n p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e r e o u i s i t e sum.

I t s h o u l d Dv n o t e d t h a t t h e I t a l i a n a u t h o r i t i e s h ve

e s t a b l i s h e d , f o r e m i g r - n t s g o i n g t o P a l e s t i n e v i a T r i e s t e , a

special Quarantine o f 81 d a y s ’ no r - t i o n , W hic h i s n o t r e - Q u i r v d

in the casu o f o t h u r travellers.

The F R P P CH COIISUPeTa A T WARSAW h a s sy sfeemat i c a l l y r u f u s e d

to g r a n t v i s a s t o R u s s i a n R e f u g e e s .

The AUSTRIAN PASSPORTS OF P I C P h a s shown g r e a t r e l u c t a n c e

to g r a n t p a s s p o r t s f o r A u s t r i a .

The GfRTAPT C0F3ULAT-1 AT ' “i V " g e n e r a l l y r e q u i r e d R u s s i a n

R efugees t o p r o d u c e a p e r n i t f r o m t h e P o l i s h a u t h o r i t i e s a l l o w i n g

them t o r e t u r n t o P o l a n d .

I n v i e w o f t h i s s i t u a t i o n , i t w i l l e a s i l y b e p e r c e i v e d

that t h e r e a r e i n n u m e r a b l e o b s t a c l e s i n t h e way o f t h e e m igra t i o n

to o t h e r c o u n t r i e s , o f R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s i n P o l a n d , and t h a t t h e y

are c o n f i n e d t o t h e c o u n t r y w i t h o u t a n y p o s s i b i l i t y o f l e a v i n g i t -

The P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t , w i s h i n g t o h e l p t h e R u s s i a n r e f u ­

gees a s f a r -as p o s s i b l e , h a s r e a d i l y -11 owed the e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f

e igh t R u s s i a n and U k r a i n i a n c h a r i t a b l e o r a a n i s 1 t i o n s , w h o s e a c t i -

v i t i e s e x t e n d t h r o u g h o u t t h o t e r r i t o r y o f t h e P o l i s h R e p u b l i c .

T h e s e o r a a n i s a t i o n s a r e : -

IpPao R u s s i a n Committee a t War saw,The v,h i t u - Ruth e n i a n Committee a t Warsaw,

a i - l i t Russo - P o l i s h Soc ie t y , i ; | The Veii ta--Ruthonian R e l i e f S o c i e t y f o r t h e V i c t i m s o f t h e War, ^ ■’ Tie C e n t r a l U k r ' l n a a n Committee ,

I -au R uss ian R e l i e f G o n n a t t e o f o r a n ig r : n t s i n P o l a n d ,' ) The U k r a i n i a n R e l i e f S o c i e t y f o r U k r a i n i a n R e f u g e e s and t h e i r

-m i l l e s -he Union o f R u s s i a n S t u d e n t s i n Po land .

In a d d i t i o n , the f o l l o w i n g o r g a n i s a t i o n s a r e c a r r y i n g on

^ ' - i r a c t i v i t i e s i n -aid o f R u s s i a i n th e T e r r i t o r y o f th e P o l i s h

"-Public* • -

Page 8: G.463. M.305. 1922. LEA tUJ 0? NATIONS. Geneva, gr?ÜA?IOH ...€¦ · Uvd July 7th, 1522, from M. Tytus Filipowioz, Minister Pleni- iotoiitiary and President of the Int erndni sfjor

The H o o v e r T Tie s i on ( A m e r i c a n 73c l i e f A d m i n i s t r a t i o n )The I n t v r m t i o n e 1 Ru s s i a n F a m i n e R e l i e f F a n â The Me t h o d i s t Î-Ti s r i o n Y. A .C .A. ( R u s s i a n o n c t i o n )The S o c i e t y o f F r i e n d sThe H e b r e w E m i g r a t i o n a n d A i d S o c i e t yThe J e w i s h R o l i & f Com. : I t t e e f o r t h e V i c t i m s o f P o g r o m s

i n t h e Ukrf i n e .The I n t e r n a t i o n a l Roc C r o s s Commit t e e The A m e r i c a n Red w v c csThe S o c i e t y f o r t h e R e l i e f o f R u s s i a n R e f u g e e s The J o i n t D i s t r i b u t i o n C o m m i t t e e .

Poland h a s u n d e r t a k e n t o L e a r t h e c o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g

1. T r a n s p o r t f r o m a n d t o R u s s i a .£- C u s t o m s d u e s? . W i r e l e s s c o m m u n i c a t i o n w i t h -Toscow 4c V i s a s5. T e l e g r a p h i c e x p e n s e s6, C o r r e s p o n d e n c e b y s p e c i a l m e s s e n g e r7. D e s p a t c h t o R u s s i a ; o f A m e r i c a n s t a n d 1 r d p a c k a g e s *8, R a i l w a y Waggons 0

The P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t h a s do n e i t s b e s t t o h e l p t h ei n

c h a r i t a b l e o r g a n i s a t i o n s » Red C r o s s e t c - , / t h e i r w o r k f o r R u s s i a n

Russ ian r e f u g e e s . I n 1 9 S i a n d i n t h e f i r s t s i x m o n t h s o f 19£2 ,

the A m e r i c a n Red C r o s s d e l i v e r e d t o t h e R u s s i a n Red C r o s s v a r i o u s

p r o v i s i o n s and o t h e r g o o d s t o t h e v a l u e o f 2-5=000 d o l l a r s , and

| to tho U k r a i n i a n Red C r o s s , g o o d s t o t h e v a l u e o f 2 0 , 0 0 0 d o l l a r s .

All t h e s e w e r e t r a n s p o r t e d f r e e o f c h a r g e by t h e P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t

and exem pte d f r o m eus ' , oms d u t i e s -

The p o s i t i o n o f R u s s i a n s c h o d s i n P o l a n d i s a t p r e s e n t

a s f o l l o w s : -

No d i f f i c u l t i e s w e r e made i n o p e n i n g p u b l i c p r i m a r y

schools a t t h e r e q u e s t o f t h e R u s s i a n p o p u l a t i o n , and t h e s e a r e

fîaintsÀned b y t h o s t a t e u n d e r t h e same c o n d i t i o n s a s P o l i s h s c h o o l s -

T h e r e a r e a t p r e s e n t i n P o l a n d : -

3 R u s s i a n s c h o o l s a t V i l n a 127 " ,r i n t h e d i s t r i c t o f Novo G ro d ek

7 " " v B r a e l a w1 " T> a t B r e s t l i t o v s k .

45 W h i t e - R u t h e n i a n s c h o o l s " n13 R u s s i a n s c h o o l s i n V o l h y n i a97 U k r a i n i a n " " n3Qr?

ï o t a l ; 5 9 3 R u s s i a n a n d U k r a i n i a n s c h o o l s .

With r e g a r d to secondary s c h o o l s ( c o l l e g e s ) t h e r e are

"rG at p r e s e n t i n Poland : -

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r

1 R u s s i a n c o l l e g e a t Warsaw 1 " E i a l y s to le1 " l o k s z y c e1 " D z i s n a1 " V i l e .jka1 ” B r e s t - u i t o v s k1 " L u n i m i e c1 " Pinsk2 ,r Der men1 " Dubno1 n Eov;e l1 " K r z e m i e n i e eS " l u c k3 " O s t r c v i e c

4_ __ " Rovno

T o t a l 2 2 s c h o o l s .

I n a d d i t i o n , P o l i s h s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s a r e a l s o a t t e n d e d

by y o u n g R u s s i a n s *

H i g h S c h o o l s : -

O n l y R u s s i a n s c h o o l c e r t i f i c a t e s p r e v i o u s t o t h o s e

g r a n t e d s i n c e t h e i n s t i t u t i o n o f S o v i e t r u l e a r e v a l i d f o r s e ­

c u r in g a d m i s s i o n t o t h e P o l i s h h i g h s c h o o l s , r n d c a n d i d a t e s mus t

Pass a s u p p l e m e n t a r y e x a m i n a t i o n i n s u b j e c t s c o n n e c t e d w i t h

Poland.

The n u m b e r o f R u s s i a n s t u d e n t s i n P o l i s h t m l v e r & i t i e s

i s a s f o l l o w s : -

a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Warsaw - 151 s t u d e n t s" P o s e n - 5 "" V i l n a - 127" l e m b e r g - 10 0 "

a t t h e Warsaw P o l y t e c h n i c s c h o o l 21a t t h e C ra co w Academy o f M i n e s 1a t t h e Warsaw A g r i c u l t u r a l

I n s t i t u t e 4

P.l H!!

T o t a l ; 409 s t u d e n t s *

I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o n o t e t h a t t h e O r t h o d o x c l e r g y r e ­

ceive t h e same s u b s i d i e s f r o m t h e P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t a s t h e Ca ­

t h o l i c c l e r g y .

The d e t a i l s q u o t e d i n t h e p r e s e n t memorandum c l e a r l y

^ow t h a t t h e P o l i s h G o v e r n m e n t and t h e P o l i s h p e o p l e t r e a t R u s s i a n

Page 10: G.463. M.305. 1922. LEA tUJ 0? NATIONS. Geneva, gr?ÜA?IOH ...€¦ · Uvd July 7th, 1522, from M. Tytus Filipowioz, Minister Pleni- iotoiitiary and President of the Int erndni sfjor

- 10-

r v f u g t ic s , n o t o n l y w i t h h u m a n i t y , b u t w i t h g r e a t k i n d n e s s and

s o l i c i t u d e . I t i s t o be r ô g r e t t e d t h a t t h i s a t t i t u d e i s n o t a l -

Lyg s u f f i c i e n t l y a p p r e c i a t e d b y t h e R u s s i a n e m i g r a n t s * The com­

p la in ts o f t h e r e f u g e e s a g a i n s t r e g u l a t i o n s a l l e g e d t o be t o o

severe t o w a r d s t h e n e i t h e r a r i s e f r o m m i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g s o r a r e

e n t i r e ly w i t h o u t f o u n d a t i o n . T h e s e c o m p l a i n t s a r e t h e more u n j u s t

in t h a t R u s s i a n e m i g r a t i o n i n t o P o l nd h a s l e d to t h e f o r m a t i o n

of an e n t i r e l y f o r e i g n e l e m e n t f r o m w h i c h P o l a n d d e r i v e s no

benef i t , - a n e l e m e n t , i n d e e d , w h i c h i s e v e n somew ha t h o s t i l e

and whose a c t i v i t i e s a r e o f t e n a o s t h a r m f u l »

I n c o n c l u s i o n , I v e n t u r e t o d r a w t h e a t t e n t i o n o f t h e

league o f H â t i o n s t o t h e f a c t t h a t R u s s i a n r e f u g e e s a r e c o n c e n t r a ­

ted in I f i r g e n u m b e r s , o u t o f a l l p r o p o r t i o n t o t h o s e i n o t h e r

countr ies , i n P o l a n d a n d F i n l a n d , t h e B a l t i c S t a t e s , R u m a n i r , B u l ­

garia and T u r k e y ( C o n s t a n t i n o p l e ) . I n a l l t h e s e c o u n t r i e s , w h i c h

have e i t h e r b e e n r e c e n t l y r e c o n s t i t u t e d , and a r e i n c o n s e q u e n c e '

faced w i t h g r e a t d i f f i c u l t i e s o f o r g a n i s a t i o n , o r e l s e h a v e s u f ­

fered s e v e r e l y f r o m t h e w a r , t h e p r e s e n c e o f .so l a r g e / n u m b e r

of i m m i g r a n t s i s a he. . .vy f i n a n c i a l b u r d e n , and e n t a i l s p o l i t i c a l

Nd s o c i a l d r a w b a c k s unk no wn t o c o u n t r i e s r e m o t e f r o m R u s s i a .

c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f l a r g e n u m b e r s o f r e f u g e e s ( a b o u t 1-è- r a i l l i o n s }

the S t a t e s o f E a s t e r n E u r o p e i s a h e a v y b u r d e n f o r t h e s e c o u n ­

t r ies , and may i n t h e l o n g r u n become a s e r i o u s d a n g e r and an

obs tac le t o t h e i r d e v e l o p m e n t , w h e r e a s i n c o u n t r i e s w h i c h a r e i n

need o f i n t e l l e c t u a l and m a n u a l l a b o u r , t h e same r e f u g e e s m i g h t

become a v a l u a b l e a s s e t . I n t h e s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s , i f a p o r t i o n

the r e f u g e e s who a r e o v e r - p o p u l a t i n g E a s t e r n E u r o p e w o r e d i ­

e t e d t o o t h e r c o u n t r i e s , e s p e c i a l l y to t h o s e b e y o n d t h e s e a s ,

would b e a s t e p f o r w a r d , n o t o n l y i n t h e r e - e s t a b l i s h m e n t

°f normal c o n d i t i o n s i n E u r o p e , b u t a l s o i n t h e r e - e s t a b l i s h m e n t

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- 11-

, f t h e e c o n o m i c e q u i l i b r i u m o f t h e w o r l d . The I u - g n 3 o f l o t i o n s ,

i„ t r i c i n g t h e i n i t i a t i v e I n t h i s d i r e c t i o n , w ou ld a c c o m p l i s h a

« r i t o f h u m a n i t a r i a n i m p o r t a n c e , v , h l o h , - o . l d h a v e l a s t i n g s o c i a l

and p o l i t i c a l c o n s e q u e n c e s o f an I n t e r n a t i o n a l c h a r a o t e .

( S i g n e d ) T. F i l i p o w i o z

T5 . ^ i n i e t v r P l u n i p o t v n t i . r y ,

rUS1fo?Tthe G0mmittCe


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