IMPORTANT- FACTS IN NEWS: 1.Per capita income of India is -Rs 53,331 2.World Bank has approved Rs. 832 crore for Agricultural Competitiveness project for -Rajasthan 3.Russian President Dimitry Medvedev was conferred with the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by-JNU 4.Asian Development Bank (ADB) sanctioned 43 million US dollars loan to India to boost tourism in - Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand. 5.India and UAE inked a bilateral agreement on - Mutual Assistance in Customs Matters 6.“On-the Spot-fines” project launched by –M. P. Govt. 7.CTBT 157th Member Nation-Indonesia 8.WTO 153rd Member Nation- Russia 9.Iran successfully launched an observation satellite into orbit above Earth - Navid Satellite 10.First State in the country to issue e-stamp papers- Delhi 11.Iran to accept part payment from India in -Rupees 12.EU, ECB, IMF collectively known as -"TROIKA" 13.SEBI hikes minimum investment amount in portfolio management schemes to - Rs. 25 Lakhs. 14.Kerala Government announced a special life-time achievement award in the memory of -G.V. Raja 15.India sanctioned 100 million US Dollars line of credit to Mali for developing a -Power Transmission Project 16.Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina received the degree of Doctor of Literature (Honoris Causa) by - Tripura Central University 17.Minimum export price of onions lowered from 250 dollars/tonne to- 150 dollars/tonne
Transcript
IMPORTANT- FACTS IN NEWS:1.Per capita income of India is -Rs 53,331 2.World Bank has approved Rs. 832 crore for Agricultural Competitiveness project for -Rajasthan 3.Russian President Dimitry Medvedev was conferred with the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by-JNU4.Asian Development Bank (ADB) sanctioned 43 million US dollars loan to India to boost tourism in - Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand.
5.India and UAE inked a bilateral agreement on - Mutual Assistance in Customs Matters6.“On-the Spot-fines” project launched by –M. P. Govt.7.CTBT 157th Member Nation-Indonesia 8.WTO 153rd Member Nation- Russia9.Iran successfully launched an observation satellite into orbit above Earth - Navid Satellite 10.First State in the country to issue e-stamp papers- Delhi11.Iran to accept part payment from India in -Rupees12.EU, ECB, IMF collectively known as -"TROIKA"13.SEBI hikes minimum investment amount in portfolio management schemes to - Rs. 25 Lakhs.14.Kerala Government announced a special life-time achievement award in the memory of -G.V. Raja15.India sanctioned 100 million US Dollars line of credit to Mali for developing a -Power Transmission Project16.Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina received the degree of Doctor of Literature (Honoris Causa) by -Tripura Central University17.Minimum export price of onions lowered from 250 dollars/tonne to- 150 dollars/tonne18.Head of the Swiss central bank, stepped down- Philipp Hildebrand19.India made $ 1 million contribution to the- UN Women20.International ratings agency Standard and Poor's downgraded the credit ratings of-9 Euro zone countries
Important GK1.China successfully launched the meteorological satellite- Fengyun-II-07 2.South Korea sanctioned 2 million US dollars to Nepal to develop Lumbini as a -World Peace city3.India achieved the mark of Polio Free Nation” for a whole year in 2011.4.India signed MoU with ASEAN nations at – Manado,Indonesia 5.Indian Meteorological Department on its 137th foundation day (15 January 2012), installed C-Band Polari metric Doppler Radar system at Mausam Bhawan, New Delhi.
6.Yahoo! co-founder resigns as chief executive officer- Jerry Yang7.US beverage maker Coca Cola retained its top position in Interbrand's list of the top 100 global brands in 2011.8.ADB signed an agreement with Govt. of India to give a loan of 24.3 million US dollars to boost investment in -Maharashtra Agribusiness Infrastructure9.People of Andaman and Nicobar Islands to be the first to receive Resident Identity Smart Card under- National Population Register Scheme10.Photography Pioneer & 132-year-old trailblazer Eastman Company went bankrupt- Kodak 11.Mana Airport at Raipur in Chattisgarh renamed as the- Swami Vivekanand Airport12.HDFC Life, a private life insurance company from India launched its first international operations with the opening of its representative office in - Dubai13.SEBI raised the minimum investment amount per client in portfolio management schemes (PMS) from Rs 5 lakh to-Rs 25 lakh 14.Reliance Communication Launched India’s First -CDMA Anderoid tablet15.National Award for Sanitation & Water in name of Maharashtrian Saint - Sant Gadge Baba 16.Red Ribbon Express train to create awareness among people about HIV and AIDS flagged off from New Delhi.17.RBI restructured the Fair practices code (FPC) to be adopted by Non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) while doing lending business.18.Union government raised interest rates on post office-operated small savings like Monthly Income Scheme (MIS) and Public Provident Fund (PPF) by up to- 0.5%
19.RBI reduced the time period for payment of cheques, drafts, pay orders or banker’s cheques from 6 months to- 3 months20.Bank to introduced Account Portability Facility- Indian Bank
IMPORTANT COMMITTEES/HEADS:1.Advisory Board on Bank, Commercial and Financial Frauds- Shyamala Gopinath2.Committee to evaluate Panchayat by West Bengal Govt.- Saurabh Das3.Committee on accounting norms for transparency and better monitor in public spending - C R Sundaramurti4.Expert Committee to examine issues related to decontrol of the sugar sector- C Rangarajan5.Committee to bring out a formal policy document for enlisting diverse elements of corporate governance-Adi Godrej6.Committee on Priority Sector Lending – M.V. Nair7.12-member committee to study and recommend measures for increasing productivity, profitability and sustainability of the agriculture sector in India- Shivraj Patil
Important Sports AwardLaureus World Sports Awards 2012:- Best Sportsman of the year- Novak Djokovic Best Sportswoman of the year- Vivian Cheruiyot Best Team - FC Barcelona
Australian Open 2012 Winners:- Men’s Single- Novak Djokovic (Serbia) Women’s Single- Victoria Azarenka (Belarus) Men’s Double- Leander Paes (India) &Radek Stepanek(Czech)
5. 12th India-EU Summit Held in- New-Delhi6. G-20 Finance Minister Summit 2012-Mexico7. “Friends of Syria” Meeting- Istanbul, Turkey8. 5th ministerial level India-UK Economic Financial Dialogue- New Delhi,
India9. United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012- Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil10. 17th National Youth Festival - Mangalore, Karnataka11. World Economic Forum 2012- Davos, Switzerland12. 1st International Advisory Board (IAB) Meeting- New Delhi13. Int. Food and Hospitality Fair AAHAR 2012-New Delhi14. Gulf food 2012- Dubai15. World Polio Summit 2012-New Delhi16. FICCI Frames 2012- Kohlapur, Maharashtra
Current Affairs for SBI and IBPS PO Exam
Bankersadda is pleased to share the 11th Hour Study Package of Current Affairs for all aspirants who are planning to appear for SBI and IBPS PO Exam.
New Appointment 1. Chairman and MD of General Insurance Corporation (GIC) - Mr Ashok Kumar Roy 2. New Pakistan High Commissioner to India - Salman Bashir3. New president of World Bank - Jim Yong Kim (Korean-born) 4. Governor of Uttarakhand - AzizQureshi 5. Governor of Goa - Vanchu 6. Governor of Andhra Pradesh - E S L Narasimhan (re-elected)7. Governor of Maharashtra - K. Sankaranarayanan (re-elected)8. US Ambassador to India - Nancy J Powell9. Army-Chief - Lt General Bikram Singh10. President of International Chamber of Commerce India (ICC India) - Harsh Pati Singhania 11. President of Germany - Joachim Gauck12. Chairman & MD of India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO)- Smt. Rita Menon 13. Secretary General of SAARC – Ahmad Saleem 14. President of the European Council - Herman Van Rompuy (re-elected)15. President of Maldives - Dr Mohamed Waheed16. President of Yemen - Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi17. President of Malawi - Joyce Banda18. President of Nicaragua - Daniel Ortega (re-elected)19. President of Nigeria - Goodluck Jonathan (re-elected)20. President of the Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO) - M. Rafeeque Ahmed 21. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation 's new MD - Mr. Mangu Singh22. CEO of Prasar Bharti – Jawhar Sircar23. Chairperson of the National Film Development Corporation - Ramesh Sippy24. General president of the Indian Science Congress – Manmohan singh 25. India's ambassador to Belgium - Rahul Khullar26. CMD of Coal India Limited – S Narsing Rao27. President of Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) - Mr Rajkumar Dhoot 28. Indian High commissioner to U.K. – Jaimini Bhagwati29. President of FICCI - Mr R.V. Kanoria30. Directors of RBI's central board - DK Mittal
31. President of Asian organisation of the Institution of the Accountants General (ASOASI) - Mr Vinod Rai (Comptroller and Auditor General of India).32. President of Guyana - Donald Ramotar33. Editor-In-Chief of The Hindu group – Siddharth varadarajan34. New king of Malaysia - Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah35. Union Railway Minister – Mukul Roy36. Union Aviation Minister – Ajit Singh37. Chief Minister of U.P. – Akhilesh Yadav38. Chief Minister of Punjab – Prakash singh badal39. Chief Minister of Goa – Manohar Parikar40. Chief Minister of Uttrakhand – Vijay Bahuguna41. Chief Minister of Manipur – Okram Ibobi Singh
Awards1. Maharashtra Bhushan Award (2011-12) - Anil Kakodkar2. National Awards Winners for 2012 a. Best Film – Kannada film ‘Byari’ and Marathi film ‘Deool’b. Best Hindi Film – I Amc. Best Actor – Girish Kulkarni (Marathi film ‘Deool’)d. Best Actress – Vidya Balan (The Dirty Picture)e. Best Director – Gurvinder Singh (Punjabi film ‘Anhe Ghore Da Daan’)f. Salman Khan’s Chillar Party team won 3 National awards including Best Children’s filmg. Vidya Balan bagged the Best Actress award for her superlative performance in ‘The Dirty Picture’3. Dadasaheb Phalke Award 2011 - Soumitra Chatterjee (Bengali actor)4. Saraswati Samman (2011) - Dr AA Manavalan (Tamil) for his work 'Irama Kathaiyum Iramayakalum' (Ramakatha and Ramayanas).5. Moorti Devi Award (2011) - Dr Gulab Kothari for his book “Mein Hi Radha, Mein Hi Krishna”6. Bihari Puraskar (2011) - Rajasthani poet Dr Arjundeo Charan for his work “Ghar To Ek Naam Hai Bharose Ro”7. Vyas Samman (2011) - Hindi writer Ramdarash mishra for his work “aam ke patte”8. Life time achievement award at 8th Dubai International film festival – A.R. Rahman9. V. Shantaram Life Time Achievement Award - environmental filmmaker Mike Pandey10. Best Friend of American Worker - Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao11. Kalidas Samman (2009-10) - Dr. N. Rajam and Saroja Vaidyanathan12. Lata Mangeshkar Award (2011) by the Madhya Pradesh government - Rajesh Roshan
13. National Medals of Arts and Humanities award USA (2011)- Amartya Sen14. Templeton Prize (2012)- Dalai lama15. 54th Grammy award - 2012a. Album of the Year: "21," Adeleb. Record of the Year: "Rolling in the Deep" Adelec. Song of the Year: "Rolling in the Deep" Adele Adkins & Paul Epworthd. British singer Adele got 6 Grammy award 16. Laureus award in sports - 2012 a. Sports man of the year - Novak Djokovic (Serbia)b. Sports woman of the year – Vivian Cheruiyut (Kenya)17. 65th BAFTA award – 2012a. Best film - The Artistb. Best Actor - Jean Dujardin (Film - The Artist)c. Best Actress - Meryl Streep (Film - The Iron Lady)d. Best Director - Michel Hazanavicius (Film - The Artist)e. Film The Artist directed by Michel Hazanavicius got 6 awards18. 84th Oscar awards 2012a. Best Picture - The Artist (Directed by Thomas Langmann)b. Best Director - Michel Hazanavicius (Film - The Artist)c. Best Actor - Jean Dujardin (Film - The Artist)d. Best Actress - Meryl Streep (Film - The Iron Lady)e. The Artist and Hugo both movie got 5 awards19. 69th Golden Globe award – 2012a. Best Film in Drama - The Descendants and In Comedy or Musical - The Artistb. Best Actor in Drama - George Clooney (Film -The Descendants) and in Comedy or Musical - Jean DuJardin (Film - The Artist)c. Best Actress in Drama - Meryl Streep (Film - The Iron Lady) and in Comedy or Musical - Michelle Williams (Film - My Week With Marilyn)20. Best Football player male (FIFA) 2011– Lional Messi ( Barcelona player)21. Best Football player female (FIFA) 2011- Homare Sawa (Japan)22. Gandhi International Award for Peace and Reconciliation - Dalai Lama 23. Banker’s of the year by business standard – Rana kapoor MD of Yes bank24. Person of the year by TIME Magazine – The Protester 25. Best Indian Football player AIFF 2011 – Sunil Chhetri
Important Summits 1. 20th ASEAN Summit - Phnom Penh (Cambodia)2. 4th BRICS summit - New Delhi3. 10th BASIC Ministerial Meeting on Climate Change - New Delhi4. Arab summit 2012 - Baghdad (Iraq)5. Nuclear security summit 2012 – Seoul (South Korea)6. 12th Annual summit of European Union and India - New Delhi
7. G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting - Mexico City8. Friends of Syria Meeting – Istanbul (Turkey)9. 5th Ministerial level India-UK Economic Financial Dialogue – New Delhi10. United Nation Conference on Sustainable Development 2012 – Rio de janeiro (Brazil)11. 17th National youth Festival – Mangalore (Karnataka)12. World Economic Forum – Davos (Switzerland)13. World Polio Summit 2012 - New Delhi
Important Obituaries 1. NKP Salve - Union Minister and Ex-BCCI President2. Homai vyarawala – First Indian photographer3. Kim Jong-il – North Korean leader4. P K iyengar - Indian nuclear physicist5. Indira Goswami - Assamese novelist6. Runako Morton - West Indies batsman7. MOH Farooq - Governor of Kerala8. Dev Anand – actor9. S. Bangarappa – ex-chief minister of Karnataka 10. Vaclav Havel – Ex-President of czech republic11. Sailen Manna - Football captain12. Joy Mukhurji - Actor
Important Operation and committee1. India and USA navy exercise – Malabar 20122. The IAF's Eastern Air Command commenced Exercise codenamed “Pralay”3. Rangrajan committee – Sugar industry4. Kakodkar committee - railway safety5. Sam pitroda committee - railways6. Shyamala Gopinath committee – Financial frauds7. M.V. Nair committee – Priority lending sector8. Shivraj patil committee – Productivity in Agriculture sector9. B.K. chaturvedi committee – Power sector reform
India’s Rank in Important world Index1. Human development Index – 134th 2. World Hunger Index – 66th3. World Corruption Index – 95th4. World Competitiveness Index – 56th5. Annual Global Innovation Barometer – 6th
Important National Events1. Planning Commission Deputy Chairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia said that tea would be declared the National drink by next year.1. India successfully test fired nuclear-capable Agni-V (ICBM), which covered a range of more than 5,000 km from Wheeler Island in Orissa.2. Shahrukh Khan and Vidya Balan will be brand ambassadors sanitation3. West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has been named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people of the world.4. Abhishek Manu Singhvi resigned as Congress spokesperson and Chairperson of Parliament's Standing Committee.5. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched heaviest, indigenous radar imaging satellite, RISAT-1 satellite into space aboard the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C19) from Sriharikota (Andhra Pradesh). RISAT-1's radar will be able to see through clouds and work in darkness.6. India's second moon mission Chandrayaan-2 will be launched in 2014.7. New members of Rajya sabha :- a. Arun Jaitley (BJP)b. Mayawati (BSP)c. Vilasrao Deshmukh (central minister)d. Rajeev Shukla (central minister)e. Chiranjeevi (Actor)f. Jaya Bachchan (Samajwadi Party)g. Dilip Singh Tirkey (former hockey captain)8. Sachin Tendulkar, Rekha and industrialist Anu Aga were nominated in Rajya sabha9. India will host next meeting of Board of Governors of Asian Development Bank (ADB) in May next year10. The Reserve Bank of India asked banks to allow intra-bank account portability in cases where full KYC (know your customer) details of the concerned account have been ascertained.11. President Pratibha Patil visited Seychelles and South Africa12. Russian submarine K-152 Nerpa inducted in Indian Navy as INS Chakra13. India opened third research centre Bharti after Dakshin Gangotri and Matri14. Supreme court judge Dalveer Bhandari elected in International court of justice15. Bengal Government will launch own daily newspaper and TV channel named Paschim Banga and Dainik 16. India joined in project of largest thirty meter telescope (TMM) in Hawai island (USA)17. Rajasthan State Assembly passed a resolution to form Legislative Council 18. According to Stockholm international peace research institute - Largest
importer is India (2nd China)19. Bihar Day, celebrated on 22 March when it was separated from Bengal 100 years ago (1912)20. French company Dassault Rafaletoday bagged India's biggest contract for supplying 126 combat aircraft for the Air Force21. The World Health Organization has confirmed that India has gone a whole year without having a new case of polio22. The Supreme Court quashed all 122 spectrum licenses (2G licenses) granted during the tenure of former communications minister A Raja.23. India tested interceptor missiles from Wheeler Island in Orissa24. The Supreme Court of India has urged that the project for the linking of the rivers of India be accelerated and implemented 25. 10th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) held from 7-9 January, 2012 in Jaipur. kamla persad-bissessar (Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago) was the Chief Guest 26. India cleared a $1.23-billion deal for purchasing 490 French air-to-air missiles MICA for the Indian air force Mirage 2000 fleet
Important International Events1. United States troops will leave Afghanistan at the end of 20142. Standard and Poor’s (S&P) lowered India’s long-term rating from stable (BBB+) to negative (BBB-) (which is the lowest investment grade rating)3. Pakistan test-fired the nuclear-capable Hatf-4 Shaheen-1A ballistic missile4. U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon visited India5. India, Pakistan and Afghanistan agreed on TAPI pipeline project (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India)6. Indian steel tycoon Lakshmi Mittal is wealthiest man in Britain, according to The Sunday Times 7. President of Russia – Vladimir Putin8. 61 Indian companies are included in Global-2000 list of Forbes -20129. South Sudan became 188th Member of World Bank and International Monetary Fund.10. According to Forbes magazine richest person of world Carlos Slim Helu (Mexico) and richest person of India Mukesh ambani.11. South Korean steel company will establish a steel plant in Jagatsinghpur district of Orissa.12. Maldives President Mohamed Nasheed has resigned after weeks of unrest13. Maldive expelled from commonwealth ministerial action group14. Prime minister of mauritius Navinchandra ramgoolam visit to india15. Kofi annan special envoy of united nation to Syria16. Highest per capita income - Qatar17. Pakistan elected as a temporary member of United Nation security council for
2012-13 18. Croatia will become 28th member of EU in July 2013.19. The United Nations framework convention on Climate held in Durban (South Africa) in 201120. Canada announces exit from kyoto climate treaty21. The Bangladeshi parliament has passed bill that will enable the return of property seized from the country's Hindu minority.22. All American soldiers have been returned from Iraq23. India and Nepal signed Double Taxation Avoidance Treaty (DTAA)
Important Economic news1. In 2011-12 => Import - $488.6 billion (32% Increased) Export - $303.7 billion (21% Increased) Trade deficit - $184.9 billion 2. Seoul-headquartered Woori Bank has set up its first Indian branch in Chennai.3. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cut the policy rates by 50 Basis points. Revised Rate of RBIa. Bank Rate – 9% (Decreased 50 basis point in April 2012)b. Cash Reserve Ratio – 4.75% (Decreased 75 basis point in March 2012)c. Statutory Liquidity Ratio – 24% (Unchanged)d. Repo Rate – 8% (Decreased 50 basis point in April 2012)e. Reverse Repo Rate – 7% (Decreased 50 basis point in April 2012)f. Marginal Standing Facility Rate – 9% (Decreased 50 basis point in April 2012)g. Target for Inflation Rate for March 2013– 6.5%h. Target for Growth Rate of GDP (2012-13) – 7.3%4. RBI has made it mandatory for all banks to print the MICR and IFSC code on the passbook and statement of account of the customers.5. Reserve Bank asked banks not to levy any penalty on pre-payment of loans taken on floating rate6. Record food grain production in India 2011-12 => 252.56 million tones Wheat production => 90.23 million tones Rice production =>103.41 million tones7. The interest rate on the Employees' Provident Fund will be increased to 8.6 per cent from 8.25 per cent for the current fiscal.8. IMF lowered India's growth projection to 6.9 per cent for 2012.9. Power generation capacity in india now more than 2,00,000 MW. In 11th Five year plan 54,964 MW capacity added.10. RBI permitted RRB and cooperative bank to participate in Centralized Payment systems. Now these banks can transfer fund through NEFT and RTGS.11. Foreign exchange reserves in India on March 2012 – $296 billion dollar12. March 2012 Inflation rate on whole sale price index – 6.89% and on Consumer price index – 9.47%
13. Centre launched a $2 billion infrastructure debt fund (IDF) to catalyse long-term lending to core sectors. The fund, which will be set up jointly by private sector lender ICICI Bank, Bank of Baroda, Citibank and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)14. Cheque and Draft will be valid for 3 month from 1 April 2012.15. Poverty line for rural areas is Rs 672 and for urban areas is Rs 859 (2009-10). In India 354 million or 29.8 % of Indians are below than poverty line.16. Teledensity in India in december 2011 – 76.86% 17. After SBI and NABARD ownership of National Housing Bank will be transferred from RBI to Government
Abbreviation in News1. NCTC - National Counter-Terrorism Centre2. GAAR - General anti avoidance rule3. TCS -Tax Collection at Source4. DTAA – Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement5. TIEA – Tax Information exchange Agreement 6. EFSF – European Financial Stability Facility7. NPS – New Pension Scheme8. MMRCA – Medium Multi Role Combat Aircraft 9. DRDO - Defence Research and Development Organisation10. GSLV - Geo-Synchronous Launch Vehicle11. ISRO - Indian Space Research Organisation12. EEFC - Exchange Earner's Foreign Currency13. NDMA – National Disaster Management Authority14. BRICS – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa15. BASIC – Brazil, South Africa, India and China16. PPP – Public Private Partnership and Purchasing Power parity17. MTCR – Missile Technology Control Regim18. NSG – Nuclear Suppliers Group19. IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency20. CEPA – Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement 21. CECA - Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement22. FIPB – Foreign Investment Promotion board23. PSLV – Polar Satellite Launch vehicle24. ICBM – Inter-continental Ballistic missile 25. CCEA – Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs26. IDF – Infrastructure Debt Fund27. CRIS – Comparative Rating Index for Sovereign28. GRAIL – Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory29. NCHER – National Commission for Higher Education and Research30. NCHRH - National Commission for Human Resources for Health
31. FII – Foreign Institutional Investor 32. DII – Domestic Institutional Investor33. GST – Goods and Services Tax34. DTC – Direct Tax Code35. MPLADS – MP Local Area Development Scheme36. FCNRA – Foreign Currency Non Resident account 37. MFI - Micro Finance Institutions38. MFDC – Micro Finance Development Council39. TRAI - Telecom Regulatory Authority of India40. CIC - Central Information Commission41. BCCI - Board of Control for Cricket in India42. SAARC - South-Asian Association for Regional Co-operation43. ASEAN – Association of South East Asian Nation44. TAPI - Turkmenistan-Aghanistan-Pakistan-India45. NLD –National League for Democracy46. MSF – Marginal Standing Facility47. MIRV - Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle48. ECBs - External Commercial Borrowings49. NHRC - National Human Rights Commission50. NEFT - National Electronic Funds Transfer51. RTGS - Real Time Gross Settlement52. NIA - National Investigation Agency53. S&P - Standard and Poor’s
