Gabriella Oulette's Midterm Review for World Civilizations

8/9/2019 Gabriella Oulette's Midterm Review for World Civilizations

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Gabriella OuelletteWorld History Midterm Review

Chapter 13• The Great Dying

o When uropeans settled in the !ew World" they haddiseases that the !atives weren#t immune to

o This $aused %&' o( the natives to die by smallpo) andhunger

• The Colombian )$hangeo uropeans and *(ri$ans brought wheat" ri$e" sugar$ane"

grapes" vegetables" (ruits" and plants and diseaseso +pread $ommuni$ation" migration" trade" and slaves

,Globali-ation.o /ullion went (rom $olonies to +pain

• Mer$antilismo 0iew that uropean governments served $ountry by

en$ouraging e)ports and a$$umulating bulliono +o$ial stru$tures based on politi$al stru$tures

• eninsulareso Top o( so$ial ran2ingo +panish settlers born in +pain

• Creoleso nd on so$ial ran2ingo +panish born in the *meri$as

• Mesti-oso Child o( +panish (ather and native momo 3rd on ran2ing

• Mullatoeso Child o( ortuguese dad and *(ri$an momo Mi)ed ra$eo Could pass as white in /ra-il

• +iberia

• 4ing dynastyo Man$hurians were leaders at this timeo Ma5or popularity6 Han

o Modern be$ause population growth and e)pansiono 7mperial power

• Man$huriao Rulers during 4ing dynasty

• The Mughalso Mughal empire is lo$ated in 7ndiao Ruled by *2bar then 8ahan5ir" then *urang-eb


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• *2baro Mughal 7ndiao *$$ommodated the Hindu ma5orityo He tolerated Hinduism" restrained militantly 7slami 9lama"

removed spe$ial ta)" women rights" and married Hindus

without ma2ing them $onvert to 7slam• *urang-eb

o +upported the &' o( the people that were Muslimso Outlawed sati" destroyed Hindu temples" and demanded

ta)eso 7ntolerant o( :&' Hindus

• The Ottomanso * nomadi$ group o( Tur2ish people (rom Central *sia who

emerged as the rulers o( the 7slami$ world in the 13th$entury; They $on3

•

+uleiman the Magni?$ento Ruled 1>&@1>AAo 9nder him" ottoman empire rea$hed golden ageo )panded empire through urope up to 0ienna" the middle

east" and northern *(ri$ao Greatly loo2ed up to

• Devshirmeo Re$ruit /al2an Christian boyso Re&@1B>& as an early modern erao es be$ause when historians $hara$teri-e something as

modern" they loo2 (or signs o( a modern world; This wasthe beginning o( globali-ation; 7t was the beginning o( agrowing uropean presen$e in world aEairs; There was as$ienti?$ revolution; Gunpowder was dis$overed"

Colombian e)$hange o$$urred" sea" dis$over *meri$a"population growth;

• What enabled uropeans to $arve out huge empires an o$eanaway (rom their homelands

o The uropean $ountries were geologi$ally $loser to the*meri$as whi$h made it easier (or he be$ause they wereon the water; uropeans also learned mapma2ing"navigation" sailing te$hni


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had $ompetition between ortugal" +pain" /ritain" andDut$h

• What large@s$ale trans(ormations did uropean empiresgenerate

o Great dying was a large@s$ale death that trans(ormed

population; Colombian e)$hange brought new produ$ts to*meri$as and bullion ba$2;

• What distinguished /ritish settler $olonies with $ounterparts inFatin *meri$a

o !orth *meri$a Ra$ial system stri$tly based on $olor Fess tolerant to mi)ed ra$es +lavery Fo$al sel( govt; +ettlers sought to es$ape

o Fatin Many mi)ed ra$es le)ibility to move up +ettlers sought to re$reate +pread Catholi$ism

• What motivated Russian empire buildingo Russian state and oI$ials

More power (or Russian state /ring Christianity to savages

o rivate interests Mer$hants Hunters *gri$ultural settlers )iles *dventurers

o +e$urity and opportunity Went east (or so(t gold Went south (or se$urity

• How did Russian mpire trans(orm the li(e o( its $on


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/e$ame multiethni$ empire Great power o( urope due to empires wealth +truggle with identity Militari-ed Rein(or$e auto$rati$ nature

• Was 4ing dynasty an imperial powero !o

Did not see2 to assimilate lo$al people into $ulture Respe$t (or other religions 9ni?$ation o( $entral urasia within Chinese state

o es /rought nig regions under Chinese $ontrol Campaigns against Mongols mar2 evolution o( $hina

into $entral *sia empire• How did Mughal attitudes and poli$ies toward Hindus $hange

(rom time to time o( *2bar to *urang-ebo *2bar tolerated Hindus and married them without ma2ing

them $onvert; He gave women rights and removed ta) onHindus; *urang-eb reversed *2bar#s poli$ies; /anned sati"destroyed Hindu temples" and demanded ta)es; 7ntoleranto( Hindus;

• Why did uropean empires in *meri$as have greater impa$t on$on


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o A@1&' ta) per shipo Toll to pass ortuguese territory

• 0as$o de Gamao ortuguese mariner who went on a voyage in whi$h

uropeans sailed to 7ndia (or the ?rst time

• hilippineso Magellan $on


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o Made in otosio Demand (or silver

• +ilver draino Growing demand (or silvero eople pay ta) in silvero nds up in China (rom all around the worldo Cause inJationo eople buy Chinese goods with silver

• otosio +ilver went (rom otosi to *$apul$o then transpa$i?$ to

manila then distributedo Fargest silver mineo Modern day /oliviao /ad $onditionso ortrait o( hell

•

The Middle assageo +alves go (rom *(ri$a to urope and /ra-ilo Horrible $onditions

• Olaudah


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through gi(ts and (avors to the lo$al $hie(s; They usedCatholi$ism as well to $ontrol sub5e$ts whi$h led to abloodless ta2eover; They had total $ontrol over the territoryand silver produ$tion; Dut$h Controlled shipping andprodu$tion o( $loves" $innamon" nutmeg" ma$e; sei-ed

$ontrol o( a number o( + *sian spi$e produ$ing islands li2e7ndonesia; or$ed people to sell only to the Dut$h anddestroyed $rops i( they re(used; Well ?nan$ed and$ommer$ially sophisti$ated with private trading $ompaniesthrough mer$hant investors; /ritish )$luded (rom Dut$hspi$e monopoly so they (ell ba$2 in 7ndia; Could not ta2eover bK$ the Mughal empire was so strong so they gotpermission to se$ure trading bases wK substantialpayments and bribes; epper and other spi$es wereimportant but they (o$used more on 7ndian $otton te)tiles"a big demand in urope;

• To what e)tent did the /ritish and Dut$h trading $ompanies$hange the so$ieties they en$ountered in *sia

o Dut$h $ontrolled 7ndonesia; They $ontrolled the shippingand produ$tion o( $loves" $innamon" and mai-e; The sei-ed$ontrol o( many spi$e islands and shattered e$onomy o(the islands and impoverished people; The /ritish had threetrading settlements6 /ombay" Cal$utta" and Madras; They(o$used on 7ndian $otton te)tiles and se$ured trading baseswith permission (rom Mughal authority;

• What was the eEe$t o( silver trade in +pain" 8apan" and Chinao +pain

!o investment 7nJation +upport mer$antilism rodu$e :>' o( silver

o China Ta) paid in silver Growing demand +ilver drain

o 8apan 9se silver generated pro?ts to de(eat rival (eudal

lords and uni(y the $ountry 7nvested

• What was distin$tive about *tlanti$ slave trade What did itshare with other patterns o( slave owning and slave trade

o The *tlanti$ slave trade had many distin$tive (eatures"in$luding the immense si-e o( the traI$ in slavesN the$entrality o( slavery to the e$onomies o( $olonial *meri$aNand the prominen$e o( slave labor in plantation agri$ulture;


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o There was a distin$tive ra$ial dimension" as *tlanti$ slavery$ame to be identi?ed wholly with *(ri$a and withbla$2ness;P

o *lso distin$tive was the treatment o( slaves as a (orm o(dehumani-ed property" la$2ing any rights in the so$iety o(

their ownersN and the pra$ti$e o( slave status being inheriteda$ross the generations" with little hope o( eventual (reedom(or the vast ma5ority;

o arti$ularly ironi$ is the (a$t that *meri$an slaveholdingtoo2 pla$e in the only so$iety" with the possible e)$eptiono( an$ient Gree$e" that aIrmed values o( human (reedomand e


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• 7n what diEerent ways did the *tlanti$ slave trade trans(orm*(ri$an so$ieties How did /enin and Dahomey diEer in theirinvolvement in the slave trade

o *(ri$a be$ame a permanent part o( an intera$ting *tlanti$world; +lowed *(ri$a#s growth" e$onomi$ stagnation

resulted as well as politi$al disruption; Only a (ew bene?tedand did not invest in *(ri$an so$ieties; /enin was moresu$$ess(ul by e)panding e)ports opportunities andrestri$ting slave trade; Ra$e was also trans(ormed in the*meri$as with new Qra$esQ (orming (rom unions between*(ri$ans and !ative *meri$ans or +panish; Dahomey @ govtsoon depended on slave trade;

• What does globali-ation o( the late &th $entury have in $ommonwith globali-ation o( the 1:th $entury How does it diEer

o

Chapter 1> art 1• The rotestant Re(ormation

o +hattered unity o( the Roman Catholi$ Christianityo /egan in 1>1Bo Martin Futher nails %> theses to door o( a $hur$h in

Wittenburg• Martin Futher

o ounder o( rotestantismo !ailed %> theses to door o( a $hur$h in Wittenburg

• %> Theses

o Fist o( $omplaints against $atholi$ $hur$h• Huguenots

o Re(ormation provo2es $onJi$t between Catholi$s andHuguenots

o ren$h protestants

• Henry 70o *s$ended the ren$h throne as a $onvert to Catholi$ism;

+urvived +t; /artholomew Day" signed di$t o( !antes• di$t o( !antes

o 7ssued by Henry 70o

ro$laimed that Catholi$ism is oI$ial religion o( ran$e yetgranted religious toleration to ren$h protestantsKHuguenots

• 3& years waro 1A1:@1A=:o 7nvolved most o( uropeo Catholi$@ protestant struggle that began in the Holy Roman

mpire


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• ea$e o( Westphaliao nded the 3& years waro 1A=:o *llowed leaders o( ea$h state to $ontrol the religious aEairs

o( its own territory

• Catholi$ Counter@ Re(ormationo Catholi$ $hur$h responding to re(ormation

• Coun$il o( Trento 1>=:@1>A3o Clari?ed and reaIrmed $atholi$ do$trines and pra$ti$eso 9pheld authority o( pope" $eliba$y o( priests" and

veneration o( saints and priestso mphasi-ed importan$e o( $hur$h tradition and good wor2so Corre$t $orruption through edu$ation o( priestso 8esuit order to renew $atholi$ $hur$h and e)pand

•

8esuitso Many learn Chineseo /e$ame (amiliar with Con(u$ian te)tso Dress li2e Chinese s$holars

• +yn$reti$o Combination o( diEerent belie(s and religionso !eo@$on(u$ianism and +i2hism are syn$reti$o Mi) Christianity with west *(ri$a traditions

• Candombleo +yn$reti$ religion involving Christianity and west *(ri$an

belie(so 7n /ra-il

• +anteriao +yn$reti$ religion involving Christianity and west *(ri$an

belie(so 7n Cuba

• 0oduno 0oodooo 7n Haiti

• Muhammad 7bn *bd al@Wahhabo +tarter o( Wahhabism

• Wahhabismo /ased on Muhammad 7bn *bd al@Wahhabo orm o( +unni islamo 7n modern day +audi *rabiao arly 1B&&so urpose to renew 7slam and restore pure monotheisti$

worship


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o !ot syn$reti$

• !eo@$on(u$ianismo Con(u$ianism enri$hed by /uddhism and Daoismo Created by Wang ang Mingo Other Ming and 4ing dynastieso 9sed in China in Ming and 4ing dynastieso urpose to $reate more rational and se$ular (orm o(

Con(u$ianism• +i2hism

o /lend o( 7slam and Hinduismo Made by Guru !ana2o 7n un5ab region o( northern 7ndia late 1=&&so 7gnore $aste systemo nd se$lusion o( womeno


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o China ower(ulKprosperous Ming and 4ing dynasties; +trong

7ndependent $on?dent China; China already had Con(u$ianism" Daoism" and

/uddhism;

Christianity was an all or nothing (aith; Many missionaries were e)pelled;

• Why did 7slam $ontinue to spread in the early modern erao 7slam $ontinued to spread be$ause $onversion to 7slam

generally did not mean a sudden abandonment o( old

religious pra$ti$es" but rather more o(ten the assimilation

o( the religions• Why did 7slami$ re(orm movements emerge

o They emerged to stop syn$retism; 7t $riti$i-ed new

pra$ti$es that depart (rom earlier patterns established by

Muhammad and 4urano eople want puri?$ation o( su$h pra$ti$es

• To what e)tent is !eo@Con(u$ianism similar to rotestantismo /oth are individuali-ed

• To what e)tent is !eo@Con(u$ianism similar to the +$ienti?$

Revolutiono

Chapter 1> art

•

Madrassaso 7slami$ s$hools that oEered instru$tion (rom 4uran and

Muhhamad• 4uran

o +a$red te)t o( 7slam

• !i$olaus Coperni$uso olish $lergyman that said that sun was the $enter o( the

universeN the planets went around it; On the Revolution o(Heavenly +pheres; Destroyed *ristotleQs view o( theuniverse @ helio$entri$ theory;

• ran$is /a$ono nglish politi$ian" writer; ormali-ed the empiri$al method;

!ovum Organum; 7ndu$tive reasoning;• Rene Des$artes

o ren$h philosopherN wrote Dis$ourse on MethodN 1stprin$iple i thin2 there(ore i amN believed mind and matterwere $ompletly seperateN 2nown as (ather o( modernrationalism


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• +ir 7saa$ !ewtono *n nglish physi$ist" mathemati$ian" astronomer" and

philosopherN believed to be one o( the greatest ?gures o(the +$ienti?$ RevolutionN in 1A:B he published his theory o( gravity and the three laws o( motion" laying the

groundwor2 (or $lassi$al me$hani$s• 7mmanuel Lant

o German philosopher who thought that the mind $omes intothe world with $ertain inborn assumptions or predile$tionswith whi$h it molds e)perien$e

• 8ohn Fo$2eo 1Bth $entury nglish philosopher who opposed the Divine

Right o( Lings and who asserted that people have a naturalright to li(e" liberty" and property

• 8ean@8a$


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• Why did the +$ienti?$ Revolution o$$ur in urope rather than in

China or the 7slami$ worldo China did not have the revolution be$ause it la$2ed

$ompetition; Countries in urope $ould not aEord to re5e$t

s$ien$e; 7( one $ountry did" another would a$$ept the

s$ien$e and use it to de(eat the ?rst $ountry; China had no

$ompetitors to endanger it in this way;• What was revolutionary about the +$ienti?$ Revolution

o 7ts emphasis on the idea that the nature o( reality $ould

only be determined through proo(; rior to the +$ienti?$

Revolution" it was more $ommon (or people to a$$ept ideas

about the universe simply be$ause they had been passed

down based on authority; 7( the Chur$h said something was

so" people a$$epted it on this basis; With the +$ienti?$

Revolution $ame a new attitude; eople $ame to believethat things should be proven by a$tual observed (a$ts; This

was a ma5or intelle$tual $hange that served to undermine

reveren$e (or authorities o( all sorts;• What is nlightenmentP

o Reason and individualism rather than tradition; Daring to

2now;• 7n what ways did the nlightenment $hallenge older patterns o(

uropean thin2ingo nlightenment $hallenged older patterns o( uropean

thin2ing (or many reasons; 7t was also 2nown (or the ideao( progress; uropeans thought that enlightenment was

s$ienti?$ advan$e to s$ien$e and also human aEairs; 7t

$hallenged older patterns be$ause it $hallenged so$iety; 7t

also $hallenged older patterns by the atta$2ing o( religion;

)amples are that 0oltaire atta$2ed organi-ed religionN

people be$ame deists who believed in a remote deity who

$reated the world but doesnQt intervene;

Chapter 1A art 1• De$laration o( 7ndependen$e

o +tated that the Thirteen *meri$an Colonies were now Thirteen 7ndependent *meri$an +tates;

o 7t was adopted by Congress on 8uly =th" 1BBAo *meri$a wanted to $laim 7ndependen$e (rom /ritaino They su$$eeded in $laiming 7ndependen$e


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o Written by Thomas 8eEerson with the help o( 8ohn *damsand /en5amin ran2lin

o 7t was written (rom 8une 11 to 8une A" 1BBA;

• ederalist aperso ublished in 1B:B and 1B:: by *le)ander Hamilton" 8ames

Madison" and 8ohn 8ayo ersuade !ew or2 voters to rati(y new 9nited +tates

Constitutiono The authors o( the (ederalist papers argued that the

e)isting government under the *rti$les o( Con(ederation"was problemati$ and that the proposed Constitution wouldhelp its wea2nesses without ruining the liberties o( thepeople

o The :> essays outlined plans (or how the new governmentwould wor2 and why the new government was bene?$ial

• 9+ Constitutiono * do$ument made by the (ounding (athers to establish the

government and how it will (un$tion;o The Constitution $ontains many se$tionso The 9;+; Constitution established *meri$a#s national

government and (undamental laws" and guaranteed $ertainbasi$ rights (or its $iti-ens;

o B $onstitutional amendments;o Three bran$hes

1;)e$utive The president en(or$es the laws that thelegislative bran$h ma2es

;Fegislative Congress ma2es our laws and is madeup o( two parts@ the +enate and the House o(Representatives

• a;+enate Made up o( 1&& senators@ two (romea$h state

• b;House o( Representatives Dis$uss i(proposed bills should be$ome laws@ there are=3> representatives

8udi$ial Has the +upreme Court and % 5usti$es; The 5usti$es only wor2 in $ases involved with the$onstitution

• Divine right o( 2ingso Lings $ould legitimately $laim sole and un$ontested

authority in their realms• Theo$ra$y

o riests rule

• Constitutional monar$hy


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o orm o( government where monar$h is legally restri$tedwithin boundaries o( $onstitution

• Civil libertieso ersonal guarantees and (reedoms that government $ant

abridge

• *bsolutismo Fouis operated under absolutism whi$h held that 2ings rule

with divine right• Fouis S07

o 1B>=@1B%3o Ling o( ran$e 1BB=@1B%1o Tried to re(orm ran$e with enlightenment idealso *bolish ser(domo Removed taille whi$h was ta) on religious minoritieso 7n$reased religious toleran$e toward minoritieso

*risto$rats oppose his re(ormso General publi$ has dis$ontento Debt $risiso +trengthened anger (orm aristo$ra$yo 7n 1B:%" the ren$h revolution startedo His inde$isive leadership led to distrust and he was

e)e$uted = years a(ter the revolution started• The states General

o ubli$ meeting held by Fouis S07 to dis$uss ideas to help?nan$ial $risis

o The three estates irst estate the $lergy +e$ond estate the nobles Third estate the $ommon people

o Main dis$ussion was whether to vote by estate or $olle$tivevote

o The ?st $hoi$e gives more power to higher $lass byinJating their inJuen$e

o The se$ond $hoi$e gave more power to the people bynumbers

o The third estate ?nally (ormed the national assembly

against the 2ing that ended the meetingo +ignaled outbrea2 o( the ren$h revolution

• The !ational *ssemblyo Third estate ta2es the name !ational *ssemblyo /elieved they were a$ting in the 2ing#s interests so they

$alled their laws royally approvedo Fouis S07 was outrages and (or$ed the national assembly to

separate on 8une 1%


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o They met again the ne)t day a$ross the street a the 2ing#stennis $ourts

o They promised to remain sitting until they re$eived a$onstitution

o Constitution they got wasn#t progressive enough

o This hurt the 2ing#s power be$ause he was underminingthe !ational *ssembly while heeding most o( its demands;

o The arisian people ?ght ba$2 by storming the prison/astille and ta2ing weapons

o *(ter many revolts around the $ountry" the De$laration o(the Rights o( Man and o( the Citi-en is issued;

o Fouis S07 is e)e$uted on 8anuary 1" 1B%3

• Ma)imillien Robespierreo Too2 a publi$ role de(ending the poorest o( so$iety" $alling

on the ren$h Monar$hy to $hangeo He was ele$ted to the states General o( the ren$h

legislature but le(t the government to push his agendao He was ele$ted president o( the 8a$obin politi$al (a$tion

and the Committee o( ubli$ +a(ety with almost di$tatorial$ontrol

o 7n the ne)t 11 months" 3&&"&&& suspe$ted enemies o( theRevolution were arrested and more than 1B"&&& weree)e$uted

o He ran and tried to $ommit sui$ide but only hurt his 5awand was later e)e$uted

• Committee o( ubli$ +a(ety

o The new $ommittee was to provide (or the de(ense o( thenation against its enemies and to oversee the alreadye)isting e)e$utive government

o Created in 1B%3o Gained $ontrol during the reign o( terroro 7n$luded 1 people

Were ele$ted by the national $onvention (or onemonth

Could be reele$ted

• !apoleon /onaparteo !apoleon was born on *ugust 1%"1BA% and died May >"

1:1 at the age o( >o The ?rst military emperor o( ran$e whoQs drive was the

e)pand ran$e and $hange the worldo *(ter 1& years o( instability" the ren$h people 5ust wanted

someone to bring stability to their nation; !apoleon wasthe ro$2 that held the nation together; He ended therevolution


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o He re(ormed multiple dys(un$tions in the government2nown as !apoleon#s $ode

o romoting and advan$ing people

• The !apoleoni$ Warso +eries o( wars between !apoleon and opposing $oalitions

o Con&&"&&&slaves

o rodu$ed =&' o( world#s sugar and hal( o( world#s $oEeeo Colony was in revolutions (or more than ten years be$ause

o( ren$h Revolution#s e)ampleo Grands /lan$s ,ri$h white landowners. wanted greater

autonomy and (ewer e$onomi$ restri$tions on tradeo etits /lan$s ,poor whites. wanted e" Touissant be$ame the leading ?gure on +aint@Domingue in 1B%A

• Creoleso * person o( uropean or *(ri$an des$ent that was born in

*meri$ao Most $reoles were dis$riminated againsto They didn#t have many opportunities in 5obs and politi$al

powero However" in legal writing" Creoles and white +paniards had

e


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• Miguel Hidalgoo Raised as a strong 8esuit and later be$ame a Roman

Catholi$ priesto Fed many revolutions against white +panish $olonial ruleo He (ought with other native +outh *meri$ans and mesti-os

(or the abolition o( Me)i$an slavery and e

• +imon /olivaro +imUn /olVvar was a !ueva Granada ,$urrent day

Colombia" 0ene-uela" /olivia" and $uador. general and

liberator o( +outh *meri$ao He o(ten re(erred to George Washington o( +outh *meri$ao +imUn /olVvar" was titled l FibertadorP meaning the

liberatoro He (reed most o( the !orthern region o( +outh *meri$a;o He started his ?rst revolution in present day 0ene-uela

$ausing a $ivil war


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o He then went to the Caribbean to see2 aid (rom othernations

o He was greatly inspired by the nglish (orm o( govt;,demo$rati$ leadership.

o *(ter re$eiving Haiti#s support" he went ba$2 to +outh

*meri$a and liberated the !ew Granada (rom +paino 9ses the te$hni


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+lavery still $ontinued to e)ist There were still property re


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o *lso" one o( the most (amous boo2s that instigatedrevolution in *meri$a was also $ir$ulated in +outh *meri$a;,Thomas aine#s Common +enseP.

o George Washington $ame to be a $elebrity in Fatin *meri$a(or being seen as a su$$ess(ul revolutionary

o The other big reason was that all o( these revolutions wereborn in part be$ause o( the enlightenment;

o The writings o( 8ohn Fo$2e thought o( a +o$ial Contra$tPwhi$h said that the $ontra$t between ruler and ruled onlylasts as long as it is bene?$ial between both groups

o This $reated the idea o( popular sovereigntyP; ,The power$omes (rom the people" not (rom any e)ternal sour$es su$has God.

• Where do you see enlightenment ideas in ea$h o( theserevolutions

o The writings o( 8ohn Fo$2e thought o( a +o$ial Contra$tP

whi$h said that the $ontra$t between ruler and ruled onlylasts as long as it is bene?$ial between both groups

o *lso" one o( the most (amous boo2s that instigatedrevolution in *meri$a was also $ir$ulated in +outh *meri$a;,Thomas aine#s Common +enseP.

o Miguel Hidalgo was highly inJuen$ed by liberalnlightenment philosophers

• Why did +panish *meri$an struggles (or independen$e o$$urde$ades later than those o( /ritish !orth *meri$a

o

Chapter 1A art • *bolition

o Opposed to slavery and wor2 to abolish slavery

• !ationalismo ride to one#s $ountry

• Civi$ nationalismo a sense o( national unity and purpose based on a set o(

$ommonly held politi$al belie(s• Ra$ial nationalism

o Membership in nation is matter o( birth and geography

• Fiberal demo$ra$yo * politi$al system that promotes parti$ipation" $ompetition"

and liberty and emphasi-es individual (reedom and $ivilrights

• eminismo emale movement (or gender e


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o Organi-ed the ?rst $onvention on womenQs rights" held in+ene$a alls" !ew or2 in 1:=:; 7ssued the De$laration o(+entiments" whi$h de$lared men and women to be e


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o 7 didn#t 2now i( this was tal2ing about the pi$ture on thepower point but i( it is This pi$ture inspires women to bestronger; 7t shows a woman who isn#t what was $onsideredstereotype (or the time; This woman wor2ed many 5obs tohelp the men who were oE at war; The woman was a role

model (or other women;• Were the revolutions ne$essary

o es; ,Ta2e (a$ts (rom $hapter 1A part 1.

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Gabriella Oulette's Midterm Review for World Civilizations

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