Our Universe

INDEX

• Astronomy

• The Moon and its Phases

• Stars

• Constellations

• The Solar System

• Other Celestial Objects in the Solar System

• Galaxies And The Universe

Astronomy

• Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects

• Scientists who pursue Astronomy are called Astronomers

• It Should Not be confused With Astrology(The

study of the positions and motions of celestial bodies in the belief that they have an influence on the course of natural earthly occurrences and human affairs)

The Moon

• The moon is the most prominent celestial object in the night. It is not a luminous Body, It reflects the light of the Sun

• It is a natural satellite of the Earth

• The Distance of moon from Earth is 384,400 Km

Phases Of Moon

• The Changes In the Shape of the Moon as Observed from the sun from earth are known as Phases of Moon

• The Moon Has 4 Phases – Full Moon, Half Moon, Crescent Moon And New Moon

Surface of the Moon

• The Surface of the moon is dry and barren with neither air nor water to sustain life. Its Surface consists of cratered highlands and smooth plains. It has many craters of different depths, and several high and steep mountains

Stars

• A star is a massive, luminous sphere of plasma held together by its own gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source of most of the planet's energy. Some other stars are visible from Earth during the night, appearing as a multitude of fixed luminous points due to their immense distance

Constellations

What is Solar System

• The Sun, its planets and all the objects moving around them collectively are called Solar System.

• The Solar System is entirely dependent on Sun & the only one which is self- luminous i.ewhich has its own light.

• Rest of the planets reflect the light received from Sun

Solar System

Sun –Star of the Solar System

• It ‘s the heaviest among solar system

• It is a ball of hot burning gases.

• It is the nearest star to the earth.

• The light from the Sun takes appx. 8 minutes to reach Earth.

Planets

Planets

• Planet word comes from Greek ,which means wandering star.

• Planets are heavenly bodies ,which revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbits.

• Earlier it was considered there were 9 planets in Solar system but lately one planet called Pluto was de-classified from being a planet.

• All planets fall in 2 groups

Inner Planets: Mercury , Venus, Mars and Earth are called inner planets.Outer Planets: These are Jupiter , Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

• Between Inner & Outer Planets ,there is a ring of small bodies , which are made of rock & metal, these are called Asteroids. They also keep moving around the Sun .This ring is also called Asteroids Belt.

Mercury –The Innermost Planet

• It is named after messenger of the Roman gods

• It is the closest planet to the Sun

• Large variations in day

(400 degree C) & night (-180 degree C) time temperatures.

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Venus –The Veiled Planet

• Venus is surrounded by thick cloud cover ,that is why it is called “Veiled Planet”.

• It is brightest & hottest planet.

• It is named after Roman goddess of love & beauty .

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Earth –The Blue Planet

• It is also known as watery planet, because 70% of its surface is covered by water.

• It reflects about 1/3rd of sunlight it receives .The earth’s atmosphere scatters the light & creates a blue effect,soit is also called Blue Planet..

• Only planet having life .

• It orbits the Sun once in about 365 Earth days.• It rotates about its own axis, thus creating day &

night. It takes 24 hours to do that.• It revolves around sun, due to its tilt ,seasons are

created.• Due to gravity, the layer of gases remain attached

to it (which is known as atmosphere), it prevents too much heat or UV rays from Sun reaching earth.

• Moon is the only satellite of the Earth.

Earth –The Blue Planet

Mars –The Red Planet

• It is named after the Roman god of war.

• It is often described as the "Red Planet", as the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance

Jupiter –The Giant Planet

• It is named after the Roman god Jupiter (ruler of Roman gods)

• Jupiter is the largest

planet within the Solar System

• It has a great Red Spot ,it is rotating storm system inside the planet.

• Jupiter rotates faster than any other planet.

• It completes one rotation in 10 hours

• Jupiter has a faint ring system, these rings appear to be made of dust.

• This is also a windy planet as the fast rotation causes high winds.

• It has 16 planets.

Jupiter –The Giant Planet

Saturn –The Jewel Planet

• Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter.

• It is named after the Roman god Saturn

• Saturn is classified as a gas giant planet

It is the most beautiful planet in solar system because of its spectacular rings

Uranus –A planet on its

• Uranus appears to lie on its side.

• It is named after the Roman god of the sky.

• The only planet which rotates on its axis from east to west.

• It has at least ten thin uniform black rings ,which are made of dust.

• It has 27 known satellites

• It is a very cold planet ,it receives 370 times less sunlight than Earth as it is far away from sun as compared to Earth.

• Its core is very rocky.

Uranus –A planet on its

Neptune –The Last Giant

• Most distant gas planet.

• It is named after the Roman god of the sea .

• Most windy planet

• Can’t be seen with naked eye

• It has 8 known satellite

• As it is very far from Sun,it completes an orbit on average every 164.79 years.

• The average distance between Neptune and the Sun is 4.50 billion km.

• Neptune was the first planet found by mathematical prediction.

Neptune –The Last Giant