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GALAPAGOS_PRESENTATION_FINAL

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Study Area The Island of Isabela provides habitats to hundreds of species of 5lora and fauna. Many of the species that habitat Isabela are unique to this island and rely on Isabela’s fragile mangrove ecosystems. Isabela is also one of the most volcanically active islands in the world with two of the six volcanoes on the island lying directly on the equator and 5ive of the volcanoes still active. The majority of the human habitants of Isabela live in the southern part of the island in the town of Puerto Villamil, where 5ishing, farming, and especially tourism thrive. Tourism plays a large role in aiding to the local economy in Puerto Villamil and to the development of new infrastructure. With development growing, fragile habitats have been destroyed and are becoming increasingly threatened. Mangrove Mapping in Puerto Villamil, Galapagos, Ecuador Dana Walker, Santiago Lopez University of Washington, Bothell – May 2014 Methods and Data For our first map, we looked at data taken from study abroad students from the University of Washington about the various species of mangrove trees located in Puerto Villamil. We specifically looked at the loca@ons of four different types of mangrove: jeli, (Cibicaroys Erectus) white, (Laguncularia Racemosa) red, (Rhizophora Mangle) and black (Avicennia Germinans) (figure 2). We then digi@zed polygons in order to dis@nguish between different types of land cover within town limits. This allowed us to determine which area of the town we needed to focus on. We separated areas of lava rock, mangrove, beach, shore, and infrastructure (figure 3). Next, we took a more detailed look at the area of town that contained the most amount of mangrove (figure 4). In order to do this, we applied unsupervised isodata classifica@on to dis@nguish between mean brightness levels of the image that corresponded to land use and land cover types present. By applying an unsupervised isodata classifica@on to our data, the soWware was able to alter the brightness levels of each pixel. In the first step of the process, each pixel is compared to five hypothe@cal categories of mean brightness and assigned to the category closest to it. During the second step, a new mean is calculated for each cluster based on its spa@al loca@on on the image. This process con@nues un@l the maximum number of changes can be made (figure 6). Once the image was broken down into 100 values of brightness, I was able to manually separate these values into five categories of land cover types. (figure 4 and figure 5). This process was pivotal in allowing us to create our last map, where we were able to quan@fy the percentage of mangrove evident in each parcel of town (figure 7). This final map shows us which areas of town would be most affected by future development based on mangrove extent. Introduction For this project, we want to quantify the extent of mangrove at the parcel level that could be threatened by future development in Puerto Villamil. We created four different maps that have helped us identify the location of different types of vegetation within the town. One of the maps we created helped us identify four different types of mangrove that reside in Puerto Villamil (Figure 2). From this data we were able to visualize where mangrove was most extensive and diverse. Another map we created helped us identify different land cover types within the town limits. We generalized areas of lava rock, grass, mangrove, water, and infrastructure in order to narrow down our speci5ic area of interest (5igure 3). These two maps helped us decide to focus our analysis in the south eastern part of town where mangrove is most prevalent and diverse. Figure 4 Figure 5 Results and Conclusion In the southeastern part of town we can see that the mangrove extent has a high percentage in between 51% and 100% (5igure 7). We can also note that this area inhabits all four categories of mangrove prevalent on the island (Figure 3). This being said, we can assume that developing infrastructure in this area of town would inhibit all four of the mangrove species from growing and surviving. If landowners can prevent development in these areas, mangrove would continue to thrive as crucial and unique habitats for endangered species. Abstract Puerto Villamil is one of the largest and most visited towns in the Galapagos Archipelago. The residential population as well as the tourism industry started to increase in the 1990s in Puerto Villamil, which has caused the town to grow immensely with new infrastructure. With development on the rise, it is crucial to understand the need to preserve the fragile ecosystems that constitute the unique environment of the Galapagos. Mangrove areas in Puerto Villamil provide habitats for many endangered species unique to the Galapagos, therefor mangrove conservation is pivotal for their survival. For this research project, we used geographic information systems and remote sensing analysis to create various maps that helped us analyze where distinct mangrove habitats are most prevalent. We found that approximately 7 hectares of town are mangrove areas, mostly residing in the southeastern part of Puerto Villamil. These areas of town should not be developed based on their high extent of mangrove. Our research will help the Galapagos National Park Service negotiate land use in this area of town with municipality in Puerto Villamil. Unsupervised Isocluster map created to distinguish between land cover in southeastern Puerto Villamil. Cartographic Design by Dana Walker. This graph was derived from the map in 5igure 3. It displays land cover areas in hectars in south eastern Puerto Villamil. Figure 7 Figure 6 Isodata involves a remote sensing application used to group similar pixels together based on mean brightness levels. Our 5inal map displays the extent of mangrove present within each parcel owned by municipality in Puerto Villamil. Cartographic Design by Dana Walker. Sources Cited "Isabela." Galapagos Conservancy. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2014. Jensen, John R. Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996. 386. Print. Source map provided by Geoeye 1 multispectral image resolution 2 meters. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 UTM Zone 15 South. Figure 2 Location of four different types of mangrove species apparent within town limits. Data was provided by University of Washington study abroad students and the municipality of Puerto Villamil. Cartographic Design by Dana Walker. Figure 3 Digitized polygons created in order to distinguish between general landform types in Puerto Villamil. Cartographic Design by Dana Walker. Study Area Figure 1 The study area of our research project, the town of Puerto Villamil on the island of Isabela.
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Page 1: GALAPAGOS_PRESENTATION_FINAL

 

Study  Area    The  Island  of  Isabela  provides  habitats  to  hundreds  of  species  of  5lora  and  fauna.  Many  of  the  species  that  habitat  Isabela  are  unique  to  this  island  and  rely  on  Isabela’s  fragile  mangrove  ecosystems.  Isabela  is  also  one  of  the  most  volcanically  active  islands  in  the  world  with  two  of  the  six  volcanoes  on  the  island  lying  directly  on  the  equator  and  5ive  of  the  volcanoes  still  active.  The  majority  of  the  human  habitants  of  Isabela  live  in  the  southern  part  of  the  island  in  the  town  of  Puerto  Villamil,  where  5ishing,  farming,  and  especially  tourism  thrive.  Tourism  plays  a  large  role  in  aiding  to  the  local  economy  in  Puerto  Villamil  and  to  the  development  of  new  infrastructure.  With  development  growing,    fragile  habitats  have  been  destroyed  and  are  becoming  increasingly  threatened.        

Mangrove  Mapping  in  Puerto  Villamil,  Galapagos,  Ecuador  Dana  Walker,  Santiago  Lopez  

University  of  Washington,  Bothell  –  May  2014  

 

Methods  and  Data      

For  our  first  map,  we  looked  at  data  taken  from  study  abroad  students  from  the  University  of  Washington  about  the  various  species  of  mangrove  trees  located  in  Puerto  Villamil.  We  specifically  looked  at  the  loca@ons  of  four  different  types  of  mangrove:  jeli,  (Cibicaroys  Erectus)  white,  (Laguncularia  Racemosa)  red,  (Rhizophora  Mangle)  and  black  (Avicennia  Germinans)  (figure  2).  We  then  digi@zed  polygons  in  order  to  dis@nguish  between  different  types  of  land  cover  within  town  limits.  This  allowed  us  to  determine  which  area  of  the  town  we  needed  to  focus  on.  We  separated  areas  of  lava  rock,  mangrove,  beach,  shore,  and  infrastructure  (figure  3).  Next,  we  took  a  more  detailed  look  at  the  area  of  town  that  contained  the  most  amount  of  mangrove  (figure  4).  In  order  to  do  this,  we  applied  unsupervised  iso-­‐data  classifica@on  to  dis@nguish  between  mean  brightness  levels  of  the  image  that  corresponded  to  land  use  and  land  cover  types  present.  By  applying  an  unsupervised  iso-­‐data  classifica@on  to  our  data,  the  soWware  was  able  to  alter  the  brightness  levels  of  each  pixel.  In  the  first  step  of  the  process,  each  pixel  is  compared  to  five  hypothe@cal  categories  of  mean  brightness  and  assigned  to  the  category  closest  to  it.  During  the  second  step,  a  new  mean  is  calculated  for  each  cluster  based  on  its  spa@al  loca@on  on  the  image.  This  process  con@nues  un@l  the  maximum  number  of  changes  can  be  made  (figure  6).  Once  the  image  was  broken  down  into  100  values  of  brightness,  I  was  able  to  manually  separate  these  values  into  five  categories  of  land  cover  types.  (figure  4  and  figure  5).    This  process  was  pivotal  in  allowing  us  to  create  our  last  map,  where  we  were  able  to  quan@fy  the  percentage  of  mangrove  evident  in  each  parcel  of  town  (figure  7).  This  final  map  shows  us  which  areas  of  town  would  be  most  affected  by  future  development  based  on  mangrove  extent.  

 

Introduction    For  this  project,  we  want  to  quantify  the  extent  of  mangrove  at  the  parcel  level  that  could  be  threatened  by  future  development  in  Puerto  Villamil.  We  created  four  different  maps  that  have  helped  us  identify  the  location  of  different  types  of  vegetation  within  the  town.  One  of  the  maps  we  created  helped  us  identify  four  different  types  of  mangrove  that  reside  in  Puerto  Villamil  (Figure  2).  From  this  data  we  were  able  to  visualize  where  mangrove  was  most  extensive  and  diverse.  Another  map  we  created  helped  us  identify  different  land  cover  types  within  the  town  limits.  We  generalized  areas  of  lava  rock,  grass,  mangrove,  water,  and  infrastructure  in  order  to  narrow  down  our  speci5ic  area  of  interest  (5igure  3).    These  two  maps  helped  us  decide  to  focus    our  analysis  in  the  south  eastern  part  of  town  where  mangrove  is  most  prevalent  and  diverse.    

Figure  4   Figure  5  

 

Results  and  Conclusion    

In  the  southeastern  part  of  town  we  can  see  that  the  mangrove  extent  has  a  high  percentage  in  between  51%  and  100%  (5igure  7).  We  can  also  note  that  this  area  inhabits  all  four  categories  of  mangrove  prevalent  on  the  island  (Figure  3).  This  being  said,  we  can  assume  that  developing  infrastructure  in  this  area  of  town  would  inhibit  all  four  of  the  mangrove  species  from  growing  and  surviving.  If  landowners  can  prevent  development  in  these  areas,  mangrove  would  continue  to  thrive  as  crucial  and  unique  habitats  for  endangered  species.  

 

Abstract    Puerto  Villamil  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  visited  towns  in  the  Galapagos  Archipelago.  The  residential  population  as  well  as  the  tourism  industry  started  to  increase  in  the  1990s  in  Puerto  Villamil,  which  has  caused  the  town  to  grow  immensely  with  new  infrastructure.  With  development  on  the  rise,  it  is  crucial  to  understand  the  need  to  preserve  the  fragile  ecosystems  that  constitute  the  unique  environment  of  the  Galapagos.  Mangrove  areas  in  Puerto  Villamil  provide  habitats  for  many  endangered  species  unique  to  the  Galapagos,  therefor  mangrove  conservation  is  pivotal  for  their  survival.  For  this  research  project,  we  used  geographic  information  systems  and  remote  sensing  analysis  to  create  various  maps  that  helped  us  analyze  where  distinct  mangrove  habitats  are  most  prevalent.  We  found  that    approximately  7  hectares  of  town    are  mangrove  areas,  mostly  residing  in  the  southeastern  part  of  Puerto  Villamil.  These  areas  of  town  should  not  be  developed  based  on  their  high  extent  of  mangrove.  Our  research  will  help  the  Galapagos  National  Park  Service  negotiate  land  use  in  this  area  of  town  with  municipality  in  Puerto  Villamil.    

Unsupervised  Isocluster  map  created  to  distinguish  between  land  cover  in  southeastern  Puerto  Villamil.  Cartographic  Design  by  Dana  Walker.   This  graph  was  derived  from  the  map  in  5igure  3.  It  displays  land  cover  areas  

in  hectars  in  south  eastern  Puerto  Villamil.  

Figure  7  

Figure  6  Isodata  involves  a  remote  sensing  application  used  to  group  similar  pixels  together  based  on  mean  brightness  levels.    

Our  5inal  map  displays  the  extent  of  mangrove  present  within  each  parcel  owned  by  municipality  in  Puerto  Villamil.  Cartographic  Design  by  Dana  Walker.  

Sources  Cited    "Isabela."  Galapagos  Conservancy.  N.p.,  n.d.  Web.  04  May  2014.    Jensen,  John  R.  Introductory  Digital  Image  Processing:  A  Remote  Sensing  Perspective.  Upper  Saddle  River,  NJ:  Prentice  Hall,  1996.  386.  Print.    Source  map  provided  by  Geoeye  1  multispectral  image  resolution    2  meters.  Coordinate  System:  WGS  1984  UTM    Zone  15  South.    

Figure  2  Location  of  four  different  types  of  mangrove  species  apparent  within  town  limits.  Data  was  provided  by  University  of  Washington  study  abroad  students  and  the  municipality  of  Puerto  Villamil.  Cartographic  Design  by  Dana  Walker.  

Figure  3    Digitized  polygons  created    in  order  to  distinguish  between  general  landform  types  in  Puerto  Villamil.  Cartographic  Design  by  Dana  Walker.  

Study  Area  

Figure 1 The  study  area  of  our  research  project,  the  town  of  Puerto  Villamil  on  the  island  of  Isabela.