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“MEASURE WHAT IS MEASURABLE, AND MAKE MEASURABLE WHAT IS NOT SO.”
The life and achievements of Galileo Galilei
An Italian physicist, mathematician, engineer, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the scientific revolution. Galileo made pioneering observations that laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy.
GalileoAstronomer, Scientist (1564–1642)
• Galileo was born in February 15, 1564, near the town of Pisa, Italy.
• His father Vincenzo was a musician and teacher. He studied the science of music.
• Galileo was sent to a monastery school at thirteen.
• At seventeen, Galileo returned to Pisa to study at the university there.
• He studied medicine to make his father happy, but his real interest lie in mathematics.
Early Life
• Due to financial difficulties, Galileo left the university in 1585 before earning his degree.
• Gained him a regular teaching post at the University of Pisa, in 1589.
• In 1592, found a new position at the University of Padua, teaching geometry, mechanics and astronomy.
• Galileo died in Arcetri, near Florence, Italy, on January 8, 1642
Carrier
• Thermometer
• Telescope
• Pendulum
• Compass
Inventions & Innovations
• People needed a way to tell the temperature outside or inside
• Galileo was taking medical school at the University of Pisa. His first invention was the thermometer
• He constructed a thermometer, which used the expansion and contraction of gas inside of a glass bulb to move water in an attached tube
Thermometer
• Invented and improved a Geometric and Military Compass.
• In 1596, he built a compass used for aiming cannonballs.
• It was also adapted for civilian use in land surveying.
• He made quite a bit of money off of this new invention.
Compass
• Though Galileo didn’t invent the telescope (Dutch opticians did), he improved upon it.
• The first telescope used a combination of two lenses within a tube, and it could magnify items by three times, but showed them upside down.
• But when Galileo constructed his own telescope in 1609, he added a third lens. His telescope magnified items by eight times and showed them right side up.
• Galileo built several telescopes, including one that would magnify items by a factor of 30.
Telescope
• Another invention that Galileo worked on was a pendulum clock.
• Galileo discovered isochronism – that the time it takes for the pendulum to swing is not linked to the arc of the pendulum.
• He also created a design for a pendulum clock in 1641, but never completed one before his death.
Pendulum
• Galileo discovered four of Jupiter's largest moons: Io, Europa, Calisto, and Ganymede.
• In September of 1610, Galileo observed that Venus, like the moon, exhibited a full set of phases.
• This helped prove that the universe was heliocentric.
• Galileo was the first to discover that the Moon was rough and uneven
Astronomy
• Galileo observed the Milky Way and found it to be stars that were packed together densely
• Galileo located many stars that were too far from Earth to be visible with the naked eye alone.
• In1612, Galileo observed Neptune without realizing it was a planet. He considered it to be just another dim star.
• Galileo was the first to observe sunspots.
Astronomy continued…
• Galileo worked on the motion of bodies in the sky
• Galileo proved that time of descent was independent of the mass of the object
• Galileo was one of the first people to understand how sound frequency worked.
• In 1632, Galileo presented a theory which explained the tides, based on the motion of the Earth.
• In 1638 Galileo described an experimental method to measure the speed of light
Physics
• The Catholic Church told Galileo to give up the idea of a heliocentric universe, because it threatened their view of the universe
• Galileo was sentenced to prison for promoting the heliocentric system.
• 1992, Pope John Paul II expressed regret about how the Galileo affair was handled.
Trouble with the Church
Galileo played a major role in the scientific revolution and earned the title
"The Father of Modern Science."
Credits M.Zauraiz JavaidRajab HussainWissam Kashif
Zain Ali