FACULTY OF SCIENCE Programme Bachelor of Science Branch/Spec. Microbiology
Semester V Version 1.0.0.0
Effective from Academic Year 2015-16 Effective for the batch Admitted in July 2013
Subject code UMBA 501 MIG
Subject Name MICROBIAL GENETICS
Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)
(Per week) Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Total CE SEE Total
L TU P TW
Credit 03 -- -- -- 03 Theory 30 70 100
Hours 03 -- -- -- 03 Practical -- -- --
Pre-requisites:
Students should have basic knowledge of Genetics of 10+2 level
Learning Outcome:
The course will help the student to understand fundamentals of central dogma in microorganisms and its significance.
Theory syllabus
Unit Content Hrs
1 FUNDAMENTALS AND DNA REPLICATION 1.1. Nature of Genetic material: Understanding of terms: Gene, allele, genotype, phenotype,
intron, exon, cistron, recon, muton, plasmid, chromosome, genome, zygote, merozygote. 1.2. Experimental proof for DNA as genetic material: Work of Griffith; Avery, Mc Carty and
MacLeod; Hershey and Chase. 1.3. A. Historical perspective— conservative, dispersive, semi-conservative, Bidirectional and
semi-discontinuous. B. Prokaryotic DNA replication – Details of molecular mechanism Involved in Initiation, Elongation and Termination, Enzymes and proteins associated with DNA replication. C. Eukaryotic DNA replication - Molecular details of DNA synthesis, replicating the ends of the chromosomes. D. Rolling circle mode of replication.
1.4. Post-replicative modifications and their significance.
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2 GENE EXPRESSION AND ITS REGULATION 2.1. Transcription: A. Initiation, role of enzyme, sigma factor, promoter, operator B. Elongation,
C. Termination - Rho dependent and Rho independent. 2.2. Genetic code: Properties and codon usage. 2.3. Translation: A. Initiation, 70S initiation complex, B. Elongation: recognition, peptidyl
transfer, translocation C. Termination. D. Fate of ribosomes, polysome system, polycistronic RNA.
2.4. Regulation of gene expression A. Negative inducible control - lac operon, B. Positive regulation - lac operon C. Negative repressible control - trp operon.
3.2 Types of mutations: Point mutation, reverse mutation, suppressor mutation, frame shift
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mutation, conditional lethal mutation, base pair substitution, transition, transversion, missense mutation, nonsense mutation, silent mutation, neutral mutation, pleiotropic mutations. 3.3 Chemical Agents: Mode of action and application of Phenol, alcoholic and halogen compounds.
3.3 Causes of mutation: A. Natural/spontaneous mutation--replication error, depurination, deamination. B. Induced mutation: principle and mechanism with illustrative diagrams for
i. Chemical mutagens - base analogues, nitrous acid, hydroxyl amine, intercalating agents and alkylating agents. ii. Physical mutagen. iii. Biological mutagen (only examples).
C. Ames test. D. Detection of mutants.
3.4 DNA Repair: Mismatch repair, Light repair, Repair of alkylation damage, Base excision repair, Nucleotide excision repair, SOS repair.
4 GENETIC EXCHANGE 4.1. Transformation: Types of transformation in prokaryotes—Natural transformation in
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Bacillus subtilis, Mapping of bacterial genes using transformation
4.2. Conjugation: Properties of F plasmid/Sex factor, The conjugation machinery, Hfr strains, their formation and mechanism of conjugation, F’ factor, origin and behavior of F’ strains, Sexduction, Mapping of bacterial genes using conjugation (Wolman and Jacob experiment)
4.3. Transduction: i. Introduction and discovery, ii. Generalised transduction. iii. Use of Generalised transduction for mapping genes. iv. Specialised transduction.
4.4. A. Plasmids: a. Physical nature b. Detection and isolation of plasmids c. Plasmid incompatibility and Plasmid curing d. Cell to cell transfer of plasmids e. Types of plasmids
i. Resistance Plasmids, ii. Plasmids encoding Toxins and other Virulence Characteristics, iii. col factor, iv. Degradative plasmids
B. Transposable Elements in Prokaryotes: a. Insertion sequences. b. Transposons.
C. Recombination in bacteria: a. General/Homologous recombination
i. Molecular mechanism. ii. Holliday model of recombination. b. Site-specific recombination.
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Text Books
1 A text book of Microbiology - R C Dubey, S. Chand Publishers.
Reference Books
1 Benjamin A. Pierce, “Genetics a conceptual approach”, 5th ed., W. H. Freeman and company.
2 Benjamin Lewin, “Genes IX”, Jones and Bartlett publishers.
3 D,.Nelson and M. Cox, (2005). “Lehninger’s Principles of biochemistry”, 4th ed., Macmillan worth
Publishers.
4 Fairbanks and Anderson, (1999). “Genetics”, Wadsworth Publishing Company.
5 J D Watson. “Molecular biology of the gene”, latest edn.
6 M. Madigan, J. Martinko, J. Parkar, (2009). “Brock Biology of microorganisms”, 12th ed., Pearson Education International.
8 Peter J. Russell (2009). “Genetics-A molecular approach”, 3rd ed.
9 Prescott, Harley and Klein, “Microbiology”. 7th edition Mc Graw Hill international edition.
10 R. H. Tamarin, (2010). “Principles of genetics”, 7th edition. Tata McGraw Hill.
11 Robert Weaver, “Molecular biology”. 3rd edn. Mc Graw Hill international edition.
12 Snustad, Simmons, “Principles of genetics”, latest edn. John Wiley & sons, Inc.
GANPAT UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE Programme Bachelor of Science Branch/Spec. Microbiology
Semester V Version 1.0.0.0
Effective from Academic Year 2015-16 Effective for the batch Admitted in July 2013
Subject code UMBA 502 MBC
Subject Name MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)
(Per week) Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Total CE SEE Total
L TU P TW
Credit 03 -- -- -- 03 Theory 30 70 100
Hours 03 -- -- -- 03 Practical -- -- --
Pre-requisites:
Students should have basic knowledge of Biochemistry of 10+2 level.
Learning Outcome:
The course will help the student to understand biochemistry of intracellular transport and basic fundamentals of metabolism.
Theory syllabus
Unit Content Hrs
1 SOLUTE TRANSPORT AND ENERGY METABOLISM 1.1. Methods of studying solute transport. 1.2. Role of membrane in solute transport. 1.3. Mechanism for uptake of solutes:
a. Passive diffusion. b. Facilitated diffusion. c. Active transport- Primary active transport- Shock sensitive system (eg. Histidine uptake
model, Maltose uptake), Secondary active transport (Uniport, Antiport, Symport). d. Group translocation. e. Other examples of solute transport- Iron transport: A special problem, assembly of
proteins in to membranes and protein export. 1.4. Introduction to metabolism, Methods of studying intermediary metabolism ATP (Structure,
generation, & role, Modes of ATP generation in bacteria). Oxidative phosphorylation - ETC - components and organization. Mechanism of Oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthase. Fermentation and substrate level phosphorylation, Bacterial photophosphorylation.
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2 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 2.1. Degradation: EMP, PP & ED pathway of glucose catabolism. 2.2. Reaction and energies of TCA cycle and its importance. Amphibolic nature of TCA,
Anapleuretic reaction and glyoxylate cycle, Regulation of glycolysis and TCA cycle. 2.3. Biosynthesis: Gluconeogenesis, Biosynthesis of glycogen. 2.4. CO2 fixation - Calvin Benson cycle.
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3 LIPID METABOLISM 3.1. Fatty acid degradation: Beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acid - palmitic acid and its
energetic Oxidation of mono unsaturated fatty acids - oleic acid. 3.2. Oxidation of Polyunsaturated fatty acid - linoleic acid - α and ω oxidation of fatty acid. 3.3. Biosynthesis of fatty acid: Biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids Biosynthesis of mono
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unsaturated fatty acids - aerobic and anaerobic pathway. 3.4. Biosynthesis of poly unsaturated fatty acids - archidonic acid.
4 BIOSYNTHESIS AND CATABOLISM 4.1. Biosynthesis of Amino acids: Aspartate family and Aromatic family. 4.2. Biosynthesis of Peptidoglycan. 4.3. Catabolism of Amino acids: Transamination, oxidative deamination, - Urea cycle, Stickland
reaction. 4.4. Methods of studying biosynthesis: Use of biochemical mutants, isotopes, pulse labeling and
metabolic inhibitors.
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Text Books
1 Nelson, D, Cox, M, (2005). Lehninger Principles of biochemistry, 4th edition, W.H. Freeman and Company.
Reference Books
1 Stanier R. Y., Ingrahm J. L., Wheelis M. L., Painter R. R,. General Microbiology, latest edition. The McMillan press Ltd.
2 Conn , Stmpf, P. K., Bruening, G. R. H. Outlines of Biochemistry, latest edition. John Wiley & sons.
4 White, D., The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, latest edition. Oxford University Press.
5 Voet, D & Voet, J. G., (2004), Biochemistry, 3rd edition. John Wiley& Sons Inc.
6 Zubey, G. L Biochemistry, latest edition. Wm. C. Brown publishers
GANPAT UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE Programme Bachelor of Science Branch/Spec. Microbiology
Semester V Version 1.0.0.0
Effective from Academic Year 2015-16 Effective for the batch Admitted in July 2013
Subject code UMBA 503 POI
Subject Name PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNOLOGY
Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)
(Per week) Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Total CE SEE Total
L TU P TW
Credit 03 -- -- -- 03 Theory 30 70 100
Hours 03 -- -- -- 03 Practical -- -- --
Pre-requisites:
Students should have basic knowledge of Immune system of 10+2 level.
Learning Outcome:
The course will help the student to understand components and role of Immune system.
Theory syllabus
Unit Content Hrs
1 IMMUNITY AND IMMUNE RESPONSE 1.1. Immunity:
A. Concept of innate (native) and acquired (adaptive) immunity. B. Types of immunity. C. Innate immunity: species, racial and individual. D. Acquired immunity: active and passive; natural and artificial E. Concept of herd immunity.
1.2. Immune response (IR): A. Concept and basic functions of IR, two arms (branches) of IR: Antibody mediated
(humoral) and cell mediated immune (CMI). B. Characteristics of IR: Discrimination, diversity, specificity, memory and transferability. C. Primary and secondary IR.
1.3. Cells and organs of immune system: A. Lymphocytes as main actors; Types of lymphocytes, B-cells, T-cells and Null cells B. Importance of antigen presenting cells in IR
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C. An introduction to the primary (central) and secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs. 1.4. Introduction to the advanced concept of immunology:
A. MHC and HLA. B. Clonal selection. C. Monoclonal antibodies.
2 ANTIGENS & ANTIBODIES 2.1. Antigens:
A. Concept of antigen, immunogen and hapten. B. Physico-chemical and biological properties of antigens.
2.2. Various types of antigens ABO blood group antigens, Rh antigen. Antigens occurring in bacterial cell.
2.3. Antibodies: A. Concept of antibody, immunoglobulin and myeloma proteins. B. Basic structure of antibodies.
2.4. A. Classes of immunoglobulins: Physicochemical and biological properties. B. Antibody diversity
Mechanism of Ag-Ab reactions (zone phenomenon); Concept of lattice formation. 3.2. Principles and applications antigen-antibody reactions.
i. Precipitin reaction. ii. Agglutination reaction. iii. Complement fixation reaction. iv. Immunofluorescence. v. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). vi. Radio Immunoassay (RIA); Radio-Allergo-Sorbent test (RAST). vii. Western blot.
3.3. Various skin tests. 3.4. Measurement of cell mediated immune response (CMI).
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4 IMMUNE DISORDERS 4.1. Hypersensitivity – types I, II, III & IV. 4.2. Autoimmune diseases – Immunotolerance, Autoantigen. 4.3. Transplantation (Tissue) Rejection, types of grafts, mechanism of rejection, Graft versus
Host Disease. 4.4. Immunodeficiencies – Congenital and Acquired.
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Text Books
1 J. Kuby. Immunology. Freeman and company.
Reference Books
1 Jacqueline Sharon. Basic Immunology.
2 I M Roitt, J. Brostoff and DK Male. Immunology. BMP, London.
4 V.E. Cells. Cell Biology Vol-I Immunology to III - Academic Press.
GANPAT UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE Programme Bachelor of Science Branch/Spec. Microbiology
Semester V Version 1.0.0.0
Effective from Academic Year 2015-16 Effective for the batch Admitted in July 2013
Subject code UMBA 504 BBE
Subject Name BIOPROCESS AND BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)
(Per week) Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Total CE SEE Total
L TU P TW
Credit 03 -- -- -- 03 Theory 30 70 100
Hours 03 -- -- -- 03 Practical -- -- --
Pre-requisites:
Students should have basic knowledge of Microbial fermentation of 10+2 level.
Learning Outcome:
The course will help the student to understand concept and process of Microbial fermentation.
Theory syllabus
Unit Content Hrs
1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOPROCESS 1.1. Concept of fermentation and changing phases in industrial microbiology. 1.2. Stages in development of fermentation process (component parts). 1.3. Range of fermentation processes. 1.4. Screening of industrially important organisms.
A. Characteristics of an industrially ideal organism. B. Primary screening of amylase, organic acid, antibiotics and amino acid producers. C. Introduction to secondary screening.
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2 FERMENTATION MEDIA 2.1. Introduction:
A. Principles of media formulation. B. Media ingredients: Water, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, minerals, growth factors, buffers, precursors, inducers, inhibitors, antifoam agents.
2.2. Sterilization of media: Use of high-pressure steam - Principle, batch and continuous sterilization process.
2.3. Use of filtration: Principle, types of filters. 2.4. Inoculum development: General principles for development of seed culture.
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3 FERMENTATION EQUIPMENTS 3.1. Mode of operation (Batch, fed-batch, semi-continuous, continuous, SSF). 3.2. Power Input for mixing (mechanical, hydrodynamic and pneumatic). 3.3. Types of fermentors - typical constructional features and their importance in the specific
processes. i. Mechanical - Waldhof fermenter, trickling generator. ii. Hydrodynamic- deep-jet fermenter. iii. Pneumatic - air-lift fermenter, bubble-cap fermenter, acetator, cavitator. iv. Animal cell culture reactors. v. Photo-bioreactor, tower and packed tower fermenters.
3 Arthur M Lesk. Introduction to Bioinformatics. Oxford University Press.
4 Attwood T K, Parry D J, Phukan Samiron. Introduction to Bioinformatics. Pearson Education.
GANPAT UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE Programme Bachelor of Science Branch/Spec. Microbiology
Semester V Version 1.0.0.0
Effective from Academic Year 2015-16 Effective for the batch Admitted in July 2013
Subject code USEA 505 ENS
Subject Name ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)
(Per week) Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Total CE SEE Total
L TU P TW
Credit 02 -- -- -- 02 Theory 30 70 100
Hours 02 -- -- -- 02 Practical -- -- --
Pre-requisites:
Students should have basic knowledge of environment of 10+2 level.
Learning Outcome:
The course will help the student to understand concepts related to environment, ecosystem, conservation, evolution and biodiversity.
Theory syllabus
Unit Content Hrs
1 Introduction to Environment, Ecology, Ecosystem; Physical, Biotic, Abiotic factors, Habitat, Niche. Type of Ecosystem, Structure and function of Ecosystem. Ecosystem complex interaction to Ecology, Food chain and Food web.
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2 Conservation of biology, Principle of conservation biology. Origin of evolution. Evolution theory concept of Lamark and Darwin. Type of biodiversity, major uses and losses of biodiversity.
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Text Books
1 Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and applications. Atlas and Bartha.
Reference Books
1 Environmental biology: Principle of ecosystem, P. S. Verma and V. K. Agrawal.
2 Fundamentals of Ecology, E. P. Odam.
3 Ecology and Environment, P. D. Sharma.
4 Environmental biology: Principle and applications, Bruce Rittmann and Perry L. McCarty.
GANPAT UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE Programme Bachelor of SCIENCE Branch/Spec. MICROBIOLOGY
Semester V Version 1.0.0.0
Effective from Academic Year 2015-16 Effective for the batch Admitted in July 2013
Subject code UENA506ENG Subject Name ENGLISH - V
Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)
(Per week) Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Total CE SEE Total
L TU P TW
Credit 02 -- -- -- 02 Theory 30 70 100
Hours 02 -- -- -- 02 Practical -- -- --
Pre-requisites:
Students should have advance knowledge of English Language and grammar.
Students should have ability to speak and write correct sentences in their day to day language.
Students should be familiar with correct usage of language.
Learning Outcome:
Development of presentation skills and personality development.
Drafting of advertisements for various purpose.
Development of communication skills.
Becoming zealous for language learning.
Theory syllabus
Unit Content Hrs
1 Great Expectations by Charles Dickens 08
2 Great Expectations by Charles Dickens 08
3 Presentation Skills & Personality Building Finding out about Environment, Preparing Text, Element of body language, Use of Visual Aids in Presentation Grooming etiquettes Avoiding boredom factors in a presentation
09
4 Drafting an advertisement Essentials of drafting an advertisement Advertisement for Job Recruitment Advertisement Marketing a Product
05
Practical content
Text Books
1 Great Expectations by Charles Dickens.
Reference Books
1 Business Communication by Urmila Rai and S.M.Rai.
2 Business Communication by Rodha Doctor and Aspi Doctor.
GANPAT UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE Programme Bachelor of Science Branch/Spec. Microbiology
Semester V Version 1.0.0.0
Effective from Academic Year 2015-16 Effective for the batch Admitted in June 2015
Subject code UMBA 501 MIG
Subject Name MICROBIAL GENETICS
Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)
(Per week) Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Total CE SEE Total
L TU P TW
Credit -- -- 06 -- 06 Theory -- -- --
Hours -- -- 12 -- 12 Practical -- 200 200
Pre-requisites:
Students should have basic knowledge of basic techniques of microbiology and fermentation procedure.
Learning Outcome:
The course will help the student to understand biochemical analysis of various biomolecules, mutation, immunological reactions, fermentation techniques and different serological tests.
Practical content
1. Isolation of lac- mutants of Escherichia coli using UV radiations as mutagen. 2. Isolation of pigment less mutant of Serratia marcescens using UV radiations as mutagen. 3. Isolation of streptomycin resistant mutants of Escherichia coli by gradient plate method. 4. Estimation of glucose by Cole’s method. 5. Estimation of glucose by Nelson-Somogy’s method. 6. Estimation of protein by Folin-Lawry’s method. 7. Estimation of streptomycin by sodium nitroprusside method. 8. Study of agglutination reaction: Widal test by slide agglutination and double dilution method. 9. Demonstration of agar gel immunodiffusion precipitation reaction. 10. Determination of human blood group: ABO and Rh systems. 11. Estimation of hemoglobin by Sahli’s acid hematin method. 12. Total count of erythrocytes and leucocytes. 13. Differential count of leucocytes by Field’s method. 14. Primary screening of amylase producers. 15. Primary screening of organic acid producers. 16. Primary screening of antibiotic producers by crowded plate method. 17. Determination of OTR under static, sparging and shake flask condition by sulphite oxidation method. 18. Optimization of medium parameters for the production Enzyme (Amylases). 19. Fermentation of Alcohol/Citic acid/Amylase. 20. Urine examination: Physical, chemical, microscopic. 21. Estimation of blood glucose by GOD/POD method. 22. Estimation of blood urea by Di -Acetyl Monoxime method. 23. Bioassay of Penicillin using Bacillus subtilis.
