32
Gaseous Elemental Mercury Measurements at GMD Barrow and the 2015 Arctic GEOTRACES Cruise to the North Pole GMD Meeting May 18, 2016
Gaseous Elemental Mercury Measurements at GMD Barrow
and the 2015 Arctic GEOTRACES Cruise to the
North Pole
GMD Meeting May 18, 2016
Steve Brooks – University of Tennessee
Rob Mason and Brian DiMento – University of Connecticut
Chris Moore – Gas Technology Institute
Funding - NSF
Ice Breaker to the North Pole
North Pole Sept. 6 2016
3rd US Surface Ship to Reach North Pole First US Ship to reach Pole Unassisted Longest Ship Underway deployment in Coast Guard History 49 NSF Science Members 87 Coast Guard 2 Dept. of Homeland Security 1 General Electric (propulsion)
Sparger
Tekran Hg+2 in Air
DOAS
Concentration of mercury in hair:Mummies at Qilakitsoq 15. century Hg 3,1 Cd 0,5 Pb 0,7Animal hair from Qilakitsoq 15. century Hg 0,6 Cd 0,3 Pb 0,4Greenland 20. century Hg 9,8 Cd 0,4 Pb 6,0Animal hair 20. century Hg 2,6 Cd 0,8 Pb 1,9Denmark 20. century Hg 0,6Gert Asmund, 2001
Mercury levels ppm Greenland Mummies 1500 3.1 Greenland People 2000 9.8 Greenland ringed seal 1500 0.6 Greenland ringed seal 2000 2.6 Average EU citizen 2000 0.6 Gert Asmund, 2001
March 2015
Hg+2
1.1ng/m3
Hgo 0.3ng/m3
Hg+2
Hgo
September 2015 No Ice
Hg+2
1.4ng/m3
Hgo 0.0ng/m3
Hg+2
Hgo
X
September 2015 Contiguous Ice
Hg+2
1.4ng/m3
Hgo 0.0ng/m3
Hg+2
Hgo
X X
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8/7/15 0:00 8/17/15 0:00 8/27/15 0:00 9/6/15 0:00 9/16/15 0:00 9/26/15 0:00 10/6/15 0:00
N. Pole
Marginal Ice zones
AIR
SEA
Dutch Harbor
Dutch Harbor
Hgo
ng m-3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
8/7/15 0:00 8/12/150:00
8/17/150:00
8/22/150:00
8/27/150:00
9/1/15 0:00 9/6/15
GE
M (
ng
/m3)
Dutch Super- Saturated
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
8/7/15 0:00 8/12/150:00
8/17/150:00
8/22/150:00
8/27/150:00
9/1/15 0:00 9/6/15
GE
M (
ng
/m3)
Sub-Saturated
Air
Sea
North Pole
North Bound
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
8/7/15 0:00 8/12/150:00
8/17/150:00
8/22/150:00
8/27/150:00
9/1/15 0:00 9/6/15
GE
M (
ng
/m3)
Dutch Super- Saturated
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
8/7/15 0:00 8/12/150:00
8/17/150:00
8/22/150:00
8/27/150:00
9/1/15 0:00 9/6/15
GE
M (
ng
/m3)
Sub-Saturated
Air
Sea
Marginal Ice Zone
Super-Saturat
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
8/7/15 0:00 8/12/150:00
8/17/150:00
8/22/150:00
8/27/150:00
9/1/15 0:00 9/6/15
GE
M (
ng
/m3)
Dutch Super- Saturated
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
8/7/15 0:00 8/12/150:00
8/17/150:00
8/22/150:00
8/27/150:00
9/1/15 0:00 9/6/15
GE
M (
ng
/m3)
Sub-Saturated
Air
Sea
Marginal Ice Zone
A
B
August 25 21:00
A
August 26 21:00 B
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
8/7/15 0:00 8/12/150:00
8/17/150:00
8/22/150:00
8/27/150:00
9/1/15 0:00 9/6/15
GE
M (
ng
/m3)
Dutch Super- Saturated
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
8/7/15 0:00 8/12/150:00
8/17/150:00
8/22/150:00
8/27/150:00
9/1/15 0:00 9/6/15
GE
M (
ng
/m3)
Sub-Saturated
Air
Sea
Marginal Ice Zone
C
August 30 15:00
SHIP
BARROW
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9
Ship
Ba
rro
w
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9
Ship
Ba
rro
w
Conclusions • In the open seas (Bering and Chukcki) the
surface water was on average sub-saturated.
• In the Marginal Ice Zone the surface water on average was slightly super-saturated
• In the contiguous ice zone the surface water was super-saturated
• Ice acts as a barrier to evasion after late winter and spring deposition (Feb-June)
• Barrow is very representative of the Arctic marine environment for Gaseous Elemental Mercury
We would like to thank GMD for their cooperation, and Barrow Staffers - Marty Martinsen and
Ross Burgener
•
Questions???
