8/12/2019 Gaseous State Theory_E

1/34

"dmcasnoudmrpnysajs.ac" =

JN@DAZUWQ

KMZ@IPZ ZUMU@

Actrieujtaic .=: =25 k

[`aknt if mar easphmj`e 4 :

6

=2

=25=127.= 4 027.> =25 k

Rmy hime 4 wt. if mar easphmj`e (wt. if gmhhiic + wt. if kms) Rmy hime 4 027.> =25 ;>.=: =25 4575.6; =25 k

Kmy-hussmjs hmw

JN@DAZUWQ

@qumtaic if Ztmt` ; jmh/dih` 74 2.2> Hmtd/O/dih` =/=7

@xmdph`-== Zid` spn`rajmh gmhhiics `mjn if vihud` 7 hatr` mr ti g` fahh e watn nyerik`c kms mt ic` mtd & 7;J

frid m jyhace`r if vihud` 5 hatr`s. Un` pr`ssur` if tn` N7

kms acsae` tn` jyhace`r as 72 mtd mt =7;J.

Face cudg`r if gmhhiics wnajn jmc g` fahh`e usack tnas jyhace`r. Mssud` tnmt t`dp`rmtur` if tn`

jyhace`r as 7;J.

Zihutaic < Ci. if dih`s if kms tmo`c acatamhhy 4522W

572

4 7.5: H

Ci. if dih`s if kms h`ft ac jyhace`r 4:22W

5=

4 2.=67H

Ci. if dih`s if kms ti g` fahh`e ac gmhhiics 4 7.5: 2.=67 4 7.76>

H`t w` nmv` 'c' gmhhiics tnmt w` jmc fahh

Ci. if dih`s if kms tnmt jmc g` fahh`e ac = gmhhiic 4:222>7.2

7= 4 2.2>=

2.2>= c 4 7.76>c 4 7> gmhhiics.

Emhtics hmw if pmrtamh pr`ssur` .>6 jd Mcs.

6. Mc ip`c jictmac r if vihud` V jictmacs mar mt t`dp rmtur` 7;J ir :22 O.Un` jictmac`r as n`mt e ti sujn m

t`dp`rmtur` si tnmt mdiuct if kms jidack iut as 7/: if

(m)mdiuct if kms acatamhhy pr`s`ct ac tn` jictmac`r.

(g) mdiuct if kms facmhhy r`dmacack ac tn` jictmac`r.Face tn` t`dp`rmtur` ti wnajn tn` jictmac`r sniuhe g` n`mt`e.

Zih. (m) N`r` , R & V mr` jicstmct, c & U mr` jnmckack. H`t, acatamhhy tn` mdiuct if kms pr`s`ct g` c & t`dp

as 7;J ir :22O. Facmhhy mdiuct if kms pr`s`ct ac jictmac`r 4 c :

7c 4

c

:

=& facmh t`dp. g` U.U.

Un`c usack c=U=4 c7U7, w` nmv`,

c :22 4:

c U7U74 122O

a.`., facmh t`dp 4122O Mcs.

Zih. (g) H`t tn r` g` x dih`s if kms r`dmacack ac tn` jictmac r,:7 if x jid` iut

(x +:

7x) 4 c

:

x04 cx 4

0

c:

Psack c=U=4 c7U7 c :22 O 4 0c:

U7

U74 022Ofacmh t`dp`rmtur 4 022 O Mcs.

;. Face tn` haftack piw`r if m =22 hatr` gmhhiic fahh`e watn N` mt ;:2 dd mce 70J. (E`csaty if mar 4 =.70 k /H).

Zih. Zacj`, RV 4 cWU

RV 4D

[WU [ 4

WU

RVD4

;62

;:2

71>2>7.2

5=22

k

a.`., [t. if N` 4 =0.;7 k

[t. if mar easphmj`e 4 =22 =.70 k/H 4 =70 k

Haftack piw`r if tn` gmhhiic 4 =70 k =0.;7 k 4=21.7> k Mcs.

>. M w`mtn`r gmhhiic fahh`e watn nyerik`c mt = mtd mce :22 O nms vihud` `qumh ti =7222 hatr`s. Ic msj`ceack at

r`mjn`s m phmj` wn`r` t`dp`rmtur` as 702 O mce pr`ssur` as 2.0 mtd. Un` vihud` if tn` gmhhiic as (kav`c) ......... (=)

gut7I

k

r

r4

7/=

k

I

D

D7

(d`mc dihmr dmss if izicaz`e ixyk`c 4 Dk)

Fird(=)2.1> 4kD

:7

(2.1>)7 4kD

:7 Dk4 71>.2

:74 ::.:7

H`t % if I:g` x % I74 (=22 x) ac izicaz`e ixyk`c.

=22 :7x=22x5> 4 ::.:7

:722 + =6x 4 ::.:7 x 4=6

=:74 >.70 %

a.`. % if I:4 >.70 % Mcs.

=;. (a)Jmhjuhmt` tn` pr`ssur` `x`rt e gy =27: kms dih`juh`s, `mjn dmss =277 k ac m jictmac`r if vihud` ic`

hatr`. Un` rds v`hijaty as =20 jd/s`j.

(aa)[nmt as tn` titmh oac`taj `c`rky (ac jmh) if tn`s` pmrtajh`s 9

(aaa)[nmt dust g` tn` t`dp`rmtur` 9

Zih. (a)N`r` C 4 =27: dih`juh`s d 4 =277k , V 4 =H 4 =222 jd:

rds v`hijaty 4 =2

0

jd/s`jice

RV 4:

=Cd 7P

R 4:

=Cd 7P

4 :jd=222:

=

=27: =277k (=20)7jd7/s7

4:.:: =2; eyc`/jd7 Mcs.

(aa)Uitmh O . @ if tn` dih`juh`s

4

7

=Cd 7P

47

= =27: =270 ok (=2:d/s)7

47

L=22224 0222 L ==10.2 Jmh Mcs.

(aaa)Mvk O . @ if ic` dih`juh` 47

=d 7P 4 7

:oU

U 4:

=

o

Pd 7

4

:

=

:=5.>

=227:.6s/d=2Ok=2 7:7:70

O

CM

Wo

475=5.> O Mcs.

8/12/2019 Gaseous State Theory_E

33/34

"dmcasnoudmrpnysajs.ac" ::

JN@DAZUWQ

=>. Af fir twi kms`s if dih`juhmr w`aknts DM mce DG mt t`dp`rmtur` UM mce UG ? UMDG 4 UGDM, tn`c wnajn

prip`rty nms tn` smd` dmkcatue` fir gitn tn` kms`s.

(M) E`csaty (G) Rr`ssur` (J) O@ p`r dih (E) WDZ sp``e

Zih. Kav`c tnmt UMDG4 UGDM M

M

D

U4

G

G

D

U

Gut, r.d.s. 4D

WU:

r.d.sM 4M

M

D

WU:& r.d.sG 4

G

G

D

WU:

r.d.sM 4 r.d.sGMcs. (E)

=1. At nms g``c jicsae`r e tnmt eurack tn` firdmtaic if `mrtn N7kms wms mvmahmgh` mt tn` `mrtn. Gut eu` ti tn`

`xj`ssav` n`mt ic tn` `mrtn tnas nme g``c `sjmp`e. [nmt wms tn` t`dp`rmtur` if `mrtn eurack ats firdmtaic9

(Un` `sjmp` v`hijaty as =.= x =26 jd/s)

Zih. @sjmp` v`hijaty if N7sniuhe g` `qumh ti mv`rmk` v`hijaty if N7.

Mvk v`hijaty if N74 =.= =26 jd/s 4 =.= =25 d/s

Gut, mvk. v`hijaty 4D

WU>

=.= =25 4 :=27

U:=5.>>

ok=27k7D :N7

U 4

:=5.>>

=27=2=.= :75

O 4 ==5:2.0 O 4===0;.0iJ Mcs.

72. Pce`r jratajmh stmt`s if m kms fir ic` dih` if m kms, jidpr`ssagahaty fmjtir as

(M) >

:

(G) :

>

(J) = (E) 5

=

Zih. Fir = dih` if kms \ 4J

JJ

WU

VR(Pce`r jratajmh jiceataic)

Gut, RJ 4 7g7;

m, VJ 4 :g , UJ 4 Wg7;

m>

\ 4

7g7;

m

W

g:

m>

Wg7;4

>

:

Mcs. (M)

7=. Ic` hatr` if ixyk`c kms as pmss`e tnriukn m izicaz`r & tn` facmh vihud` if tn` daxtur` g`jid`s >72 dh. Af

tnas daxtur` as pmss`e tnriukn iah if turp`ctac . Face tn` facmh vihud` if kms r dmacack.

Zih. Un` r`mjtaic tnmt tmo`s phmj` ac izicaz`r ms :I7 7I:.

Af Vdh if I7iut if =222 dh as izicaz`e tn`c vih if I:igtmac`e 4 :

7V

Facmh vih if izicaz`e ixyk`c

4 (=222 V +:

7V) dH 4 >72 dH

=222 :

=V 4 >72

:

V4 =>2 V 4 052

I7r`dmacack 4 (=222 052) dH ( I:as mgsirg`e ac iah if turp`ctac`)4562 dH Mcs.

8/12/2019 Gaseous State Theory_E

34/34