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Sampling is simply the process of learning about

the basis of sample drawn from it. Thus in the sa

instead of every unit of the universe only a part of

study and conclusion are drawn on that basis for

The process of sampling involves three elements

selecting the sample

collecting the information

making an inference about the population

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Census: an accounting of the complete popmethod of a complete enumeration survey

collected for each & every unit

Sampling error: any error that occurs in

because a sample is used

Sample frame: a master list of the populati

partial) from which the sample will be drawn

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Essentials of Sampling

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Representative vs. Non-representative Sam

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Law of Statistical Regularity :- This law points o

if a sample is taken at random from population, it is likel

almost the same characteristics as that of the population

Law of Inertia of Large Number:- it states that

equal, larger the size of the sample more accurate the

likely to be.

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Process of Sample SelDefine population

Census vs. sample

Sample design

Sample size

Estimate costs of sampling

Execute sampling process

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ones in whichthe population have a known chance (p

being selected

instances

chances (probability) of selecting memb

population are unknown

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SamplingClassifications

Probability

samples

SystematicSampling

SimpleRandom

ClusterSampling

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Sampling

Classifications

NonProbability

samples

JudgmentSampling

ConvenienceSampling

Qu

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Probability Sampling M

Simple random sampling: the probabi

selected is known and equal for all mem

population

Blind Draw Method (e.g. names placed

then drawn randomly)

Random Numbers Method (all items in

frame given numbers, numbers then draw

or computer program)

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Systematic sampling: a Systematic samp

selecting one unit at random and then seleunits and evenly spaced intervals until th

been formed.

K= N/n Where ,K= Sampling Interv

N= Universe Size

n=

Sample size

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Cluster sampling: method by which th

divided into groups (clusters), any of

considered a representative sample. Th

mini-populations and therefore are hetero

clusters are established a random draw ione (or more) clusters to represent the pop

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Stratified Sampling Me

population is separated into hom

groups/segments/strata and a samp

from each. The results are then co

get the picture of the total population

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samples t

judgment or an educated guess on thinterviewer as to who should represent th

Also, judges (informed individuals) may

suggest who should be in the sample.

Subjectivity enters in here, and certain

the population will have a smaller or

selection compared to others

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in a quota sam

are set up according to some

characteristics such as so many in eac

income groups, so many in each ag

with certain political or religious affiliati

on.

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Business Research Methodology

By:- C.R. Kothari

Business Statistics

By:- SP Gupta

Statistics for MBABy:- Dr. SC Aggarwal

www.wikipedia.org

Google search engine

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