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The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS); with focus on
the National Backbone
GCOOS Meetings
24-27 April 2006
Biloxi, MS
2
Outline
• Global Ocean Observing System
• U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System
- Background
- The Global Module
- The Coastal Module
- The National Backbone
3
Global Ocean Observing System
(GOOS)
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Global Ocean Observing System(GOOS)
• GOOS is an end-to-end system of observations, data management, and production and delivery of products/services.
• GOOS is being coordinated by United Nation agencies with the participation of some 100 ocean nations.
• Together with the World Weather Watch, Global Atmospheric Watch, Global Climate Observing System and Global Terrestrial Observing System, GOOS is an element of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS).
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The GOOS ModulesThe Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) has been designed and is being implemented in two modules:• The global module is designed to
monitor, predict, and understand marine surface conditions and climate variability/change; and
• The coastal module is designed to sustain healthy marine ecosystems, ensure human health, promote safe and efficient marine transportation, enhance national security, and predict and mitigate against coastal hazards.
The U.S. contribution to GOOS is called the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS).
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U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System
(IOOS)
7
Background
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1998 U.S. Congress Called for anIntegrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
Provide Data/Info Required for More Rapid Detection & Timely Prediction of State Changes
• Improve the safety & efficiency of marine operations
• Improve homeland security
• Mitigate effects of natural hazards more effectively
• Improve predictions of climate change & their effects
• Minimize public health risks
• Protect & restore healthy ecosystems in coastal environments more effectively
• Sustain living marine resources
1 System, 7 Goals
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Framework for IOOS• Ocean.US formed in 2000
Governed by a federal Executive Committee Prepare & maintain IOOS Development Plans Coordinate interagency implementation
• 2004 U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy Implement the IOOS Implement ecosystem-based management
approaches to natural resources & water quality Strengthen the Regional Approach
• President’s Ocean Action Plan
Enhance Ocean Leadership & Coordination Establish IOOS as part of GEOSS Optimize & Harmonize Use & Conservation
of Ocean, Coastal & Great Lakes Manage Coasts & their Watersheds Establish strong partnerships among
stakeholders
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An End–to–End System that Routinely Provides Data & Information Specified by
(1) Analysis, Modeling
(2) Data Management & Communications
(3) ObservingIn Situ & Remote Sensing
Groups that Use, Depend on, Manage or Study Oceans & Coasts
GOOS
EndToEnd
Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
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Integrated End – to – End SystemRapid Access to Diverse Data from Many Sources
Satellites
Aircraft
Fixed Platforms
Ships
Drifters & Floats
AUVs
Metadata standards
Data discovery
Data transport
Online browse
Data archival
Maritime NavigationalServices
Search & Rescue
Coastal Flooding &Erosion
Beach Closures
Water Management
NutrientManagement
DataManagement
Data Management& Communications
Fisheries Management
Products &ServicesObservations
Modeling &Analysis
DataTelemetry
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Ecosystem-Based, Adaptive Management
WE DO NOT HAVE THIS CAPABILITY TODAY
• Rapid & Repeated Detection of changes
over a broad spectrum of time-space scales
• Timely Predictions of such changes
Tune the flow of environmental data & information to the Time scales on which decisions should be made
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Why?
• Cultural divides
• Inefficient, ineffective data management
• Under sampling in time, space & ecological complexity
• Lack of capacity for rapid data acquisition & analysis
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U.S. IOOS Multi – Scale Hierarchy of Observations
Global Ocean Climate Component
GOOS/GCOS
Resolution
Low
High
CCal Carrib
MAB
GLsNE
SE
GoMexS
Cal
HIsl
NW
GoA
Coastal OceanComponent
NationalBackbone
RegionalObservingSystems
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The Global Module
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Global Component of the GOOSIntegrates Remote & In Situ Sensing
An International Collaboration
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Broad Objectives of Ocean Component
• Monitoring and detection of climate change• Seasonal-to-interannual climate prediction• Marine and weather forecasts• Short-range ocean forecasts• Understanding decadal variations• Support of scientific research• Routine ocean state estimation
International coordination and oversight of the global ocean component is by the WMO-IOC Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology; U.S. participation is significant.
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Key Actions
• Full implementation of the surface and subsurface observing networks
• Designate and support national agents for implementation and establish research-operational partnerships
• Timely, free, unrestricted data exchange and comprehensive data management procedures
• International standards for metadata for essential climate variables
• Develop more cost effective two-way communication technologies
• Develop integrated global climate product needs
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20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2006200620052005 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010
Initial Ocean Observing System Milestones including international contributionsInitial Ocean Observing System Milestones including international contributions
Tide GaugesTide GaugesReal-time StationsReal-time StationsInitial GCOS SubsetInitial GCOS Subset
Surface Drifting BuoysSurface Drifting Buoys
Tropical Moored BuoysTropical Moored Buoys
Ships of OpportunityShips of Opportunity
Argo FloatsArgo Floats
Reference StationsReference Stations
Arctic SystemArctic System
System EvaluationSystem Evaluation
Ocean Carbon NetworkOcean Carbon Network
Dedicated Ship TimeDedicated Ship Time
High resolution and frequentlyHigh resolution and frequentlyrepeated lines occupiedrepeated lines occupied
Number of floatsNumber of floats
Number of mooringsNumber of moorings
Number of buoysNumber of buoys
Days at sea Days at sea (NOAA contribution)(NOAA contribution)
Product evaluation andProduct evaluation andfeedback loops implementedfeedback loops implemented(NOAA contribution)(NOAA contribution)
Repeat Sections Committed,Repeat Sections Committed,One inventory per 10 yearsOne inventory per 10 years
Number of observatories, flux,Number of observatories, flux,and ocean transport stationsand ocean transport stations
Ice buoys, drifting andIce buoys, drifting andMoored stationsMoored stations
807807 671671 779779 787787
2020 3131 544544
1515 2929 3535 3737 4141
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00 11 11 22
53534848 6666100100888877775555Total System Total System 3030 3434 4040 4545
20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2006200620052005 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010
System % CompleteSystem % Complete
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4242 4949
340340
3737343431313030303029292929
00 00
Multi-year Phased Implementation Plan Multi-year Phased Implementation Plan (representative milestones)(representative milestones)
2056% complete
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GCOS Climate Reference Tide Gauge Stations
54% complete
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The Coastal Module
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Coastal Component• Federal Agencies Responsible
• EEZ & Great Lakes
• Core variables required by regions & Federal Agencies
• Network of sentinel & reference stations
• Standards/Protocols
• Regional Associations Responsible
• Involve private & public sectors
• Inform Federal Agencies of user needs
• Enhance the backbone based on user needs
• Incorporate sub–regional systems
Regional COOSs
National Backbone
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ACOOS
NANOOS
SCCOOS
CenCOOS
PacIOOS GCOOS
CaRA
SECOORA
MACOORA
NERAGLOS
11 Groups Funded byNOAA Coastal Services Center to
Establish Regional Associations (RAs)
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IOOS & Data Management
• Data Management and Communications (DMAC) subsystem - a primary integrating mechanism for IOOS
• Framework to link diverse observing systems into an integrated, interoperable data-sharing network
• DMAC Plan: evolving recommended data and metadata standards, protocols, and operating practices
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IOOS Coastal Backbone Core Variables
• Geophysical Sea surface
meteorological variables
Land–Sea Stream flows
Sea level Surface waves,
currents Ice distribution Temperature, Salinity Bathymetry
• Biophysical Optical properties Benthic habitats
• Chemical
pCO2 Dissolved inorganic
nutrients Contaminants Dissolved oxygen
• Biological
Fish species, abundance
Zooplankton species, abundance
Phytoplankton species, biomass (ocean color)
Waterborne pathogens
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IOOS Coastal Component High Priority Research & Pilot Projects
• Surface current mapping Product: real–time surface current maps HF–radar, remote & in situ sensing Data assimilation–numerical modeling
• Space–based remote sensing Improve chl algorithms for ocean color Increase spatial, temporal, & spectral resolution Sea surface salinity
• Aircraft remote sensing of near shore environments LIDAR
• Coupled physical–water quality/ecosystem models Ecosystem – Based Management
• Glider development for in situ sensors
• In situ sensors for core variables Chemical & biological
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IOOS Summary: Current Status
• 1st Annual IOOS Development Plan Global ocean– climate component being implemented Initial backbone in place Sub– regional coastal ocean observing systems funded DMAC Plan completed
• Regional groups funded to Form Regional Associations Engage User Groups: Public & Private Sectors Establish RCOOSs
• Government support Current Funding: ~ $ 125 M Executive order Legislation in Congress to Authorize Additional Funding
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The National Backbone
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The National Backbone of the IOOS
• What is it?
• How will it be specified?
• How will it be implemented?
• How will it be funded?
U.S. IOOSMultiscale System of Systems
Global Ocean Climate Component
GOOS/GCOSCoastal Ocean
Component
GLs NE
MAB
SEGoMex
HIsl
GoA
NW
SW
RegionalObservingSystems
NationalBackbone
ResolutionLow
High
Based on a Presentation by Tom Malone, Ocean.US Office
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Background
• Spatial boundaries are blurred intentionally
Global & coastal components overlap. RCOOSs overlap w/ the National Backbone & each other. Fixed boundaries are needed for funding & accountability only.
• At this time, RCOOS development is focused on regional needs (or should be).
• As an integrated component of the IOOS, the Initial National Backbone (NB) exists in concept only. The First IOOS Development Plan recommends
• Existing operational assets for an initial observing subsystem for the NB;
• Road map for developing the DMAC subsystem As the DMAC subsystem comes into being, the NB will transition
from concept to reality. At this time, the recommended NB assets are funded & operated
by federal agencies for the most part.
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What is the NB in Concept?
• Initial Observing Subsystem Infrastructure
Measures the core variables in the nation’s Exclusive Economic Zone & Great Lakes
Transmits DMAC-compliant data to data assembly centers routinely & reliably
Remote sensing: sea surface temperature only
In situ sensing: Sparse network of sentinel & reference stations
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Programs Recommended for NB
Core Variable
NOAA
Navy
USACE
USGS
Sea sur face winds C-MANa, NWLONb
NDBCc, P ORTS ®d, NERRS e Integr a ted buoy program
Stre a m flow Stre a m gauging
NSIP f NSQANg
Temper a ture
GOE S , P OES, NDBC, CoastW a tch , C-MAN NWLON, P ORT S ®, LMR-ES g, NERRS
Integr a ted buoy program
Salin ity LMR-ES , POR TS ®, NERRS
Integr a ted buoy program
Coasta l Se a Level -Topography
NWLON, P ORT S ®
ADFC i
NSIP
Waves
NDBC
Integr a ted buoy program
Coast a l Fie ld Data Co llection Program
Currents
NDBC, P ORTS ®, Nationa l Current Observ a tion Progra m
Dissolved Inorgani c Nutrie nts
LMR-ES Habit a t asses s men t, NERRS
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Programs Recommended for NB(continued)
Core Variable
NOAA
Navy
USACE
USGS
Chlorophyll LMR-ES , NERRS
Habit a t & Ba thyme try
Hydrographic Survey Coral ree f mappi ng Coral ree f monitoring Coasta l ma pping Topographi c chang e mapp ing Benthic hab ita t map ping Habit a t asses s ment Coasta l chang e asses s me nt
map ping
Hydrographic Surveying
Coral ree f map ping & mon itoring
Coasta l change map ping
Benthic habi ta t map ping
Plan kton Abund a nce
LMR Surveys Ecosyst e m Surveys
Abund a nce & distrib ution of LMRs & protect e d species
LMR Surveys Ecosyst e m Surveys Prote cted Resources Surveys Nation a l observer
Popul a tion
Sta tistics j LMR-ES Nation a l observer
Fish Catch
Nation a l observer Recreationa l fis heries Commerci a l s ta tistics
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Societal Goals Programs We ather
Climate Maritime Operations
Natural Hazards
Hom eland S ec urity
Public Health
Eco sys tem Health
Living Res o urc es
C-MAN X X X X X X X NWLON X X X X X X NDBC X X X X X X X PORTS X X X X X X X Integr a ted Buoy Program
X
X
X
X
NSIP X X X X NSQAN X X X X GSN X X X X X CFDCP X X X X X X X Nation a l Curren t Observin g Program
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hydrographic Surveying
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Coasta l Mapping, Shorelin e change
X
X
X
X
X
X
Societal Goals & NB Programs
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Societal Goals & NB Programs(continued)
Societal Goals Programs We ather
Climate Maritime Operations
Natural Hazards
Hom eland S ec urity
Public Health
Eco sys tem Health
Living Res o urc es
Benthic Hab ita t Mapping & Monitoring
X
X
X
X
X
Coasta l Chang e Asses s me nt Mapping
X
X
X
X
X
X
Coastwatch X X X X X X X GOES X X X X POES X X X X X X X ADFC X X X X X X X NERRS X X X LMER-ES X X X Prote cted Resource Surveys
X
X
Nation a l Observer Program
X
X
Recreationa l Fisheries
X
X
Commerci a l Sta tistics
X
X
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Next Steps
• Initial NB recommended in the 1st IOOS Development Plan Does not include elements of regional or subregional observing
systems at this time.
• Phased development of the NB Stage 1: Identify Building Blocks (Today)
• Initial NB as recommended in 1st IOOS DP & IOOS DP: FY 2006 – 2008
Stage 2: Integration (2006 – 2008)
• Initial DMAC subsystem implemented• All elements of the IOOS becoming DMAC compliant.• Regional & subregional elements incorporated into the NB based on
user needs & recommendations in IOOS Development Plans
Stage 3: Transition to a fully user–driven system (2008 – )
• Must be DMAC compliant & support products & services requiring data integration
• RCOOSs become integral part of the IOOS as a whole
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How Will It Be Specified & Implemented?
• Ocean.US Responsible for Design Specifications & Development Plans
IOOS Implementation Conferences• Federal Agencies Regional Associations
IOOS Development Plans• Ocean.US Joint Subcommittee on Ocean
Science and Technology (JSOST)
• Federal Agencies & RAs responsible for implementation
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IOOS Funding Model
RA 1 RA 2 RA 3 RA 4 RA 5
Federal FundingRA Administration
Federal Funding National Backbone
Federal Funding RCOOSs
Non-FederalFunding RCOOSs
How Will It Be Funded?
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Thank You
• GOOS Internationalhttp://ioc.unesco.org/goos/
• GOOS U.S. http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/GOOS/
• IOOS – Ocean.UShttp://ocean.us/