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1. Phosphate group

What are the 3

components of anucleotide?

2. Pentose (5 carbon) Sugar(deoxyribose)

3. Nitrogenous Base (belonging to

the chemical groups purine or

pyrimadine

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Condensation reaction between the 5

phosphate group and 3’ OH group of

the pentose sugar. Forming a

phosphodiester bond.

How are nucleotides

bound together toform

‘polynucleotides’?

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Adenine

Guanine

Cytosine

Thymine

Name the four bases

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A always bonds with T (2 H bonds)

G always bonds with C (3 H bonds)

What is complementary

base pairing?

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Weak hydrogen bonds join the

Bases.

What type of bond holds

bases together?

A T 

G C

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!"#$%&'

! ! ) *+, -#. / 01#2 ) *+,3

! ! 4 / ) 56,#.777 8 4 9 ) *:: ; 56 ) +<,

! =>?@> 0%A"# 8 01#2 B% +< C 6 ) 5D, -9 ?# AE#. 5D,

"# %&'()*'*+,-./ 0-1* (-2.2+3 .4)* 2+ (.-5,25*

FG !H%"?"% 0AI%# 1J *+, .G A"

.&KA"?#0# LM!N $>A2

J%&@%"2AK% $.1EH 81A"?"% B%O

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What is

Transcription?

/&A"#@&?J2?." 21 - (.&5*11 ,6-,

2+7&)7*1 2&A"#@&?B?"K

-@."P%&2?"K3 &8 3*+*,25

2+8&.'-,2&+ 9*#3# - :;<;=

8.&' LM! ,& QM!#

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!"#"$% '() *+) *(,-.)*/ 01

2'/) .)**)(/ *+'* 304) 10(

'5,60 '3,4/7 #$8 '64 59$8

+':) !"#"$%;

What is a CODON?

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>6* -+,25&?&+ 21 ,6* 5&'()*'*+,-./

5&?2+3 ,.2()*, &8 +45)*&,2?*1 2+ '@<A ?4.

2+3 ,6* ,.-+1)-,2&+ (6-1* &8 (.&,*2+

1/+,6*121#

What is an

ANTICODON?

A 1*B4*+5* &8 C 5&'()*'*+,-./

+45)*&,2?*1 )&5-,*? &+ &+* *+? &8

,@<A#

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Transcription can be broken down

into 3 phases, what are they?

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What is an EXON?

RS."# 9-.* RS(.*11*?=D RS."#-.* ,6* 9.H?"K 1*5,2&+1 &8 E<A

F 0QM!

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What is an INTRON?

F"2&."# -.* ,6* "."T@.H?"K1*5,2&+1 &8 E<A F 0QM!

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! #$%& '( )*'#* +&,&-./ 01-'2/&1+3 *.,& 1*& +.4& 4&.('(56

7656 8*& 5&(&1'# #$%& '+ %&5&(&-.1& 9&#.:+& 1*&-& .-& 4.(;

'(+1.(#&+ '( )*'#* %'<<&-&(1 #$%$(+ +2&#'<;

1*& +.4& .4'($ .#'%6

8. What is meant by

the term

Degenerate...?

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tRNA

What are the 3 types

of RNA

mRNA rRNA

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What is Translation?

/&A"#EA2?." 21 - 1,*(

2+ J&.2%?" #U"2>%#?# G6*.* ,6* 3*+*,25

5&?* 5-..2*? 0/ 0QM! 21 ?*5&?*? ,&

(.&?45* ,6* 1(*52825 1*B4*+5*&8  A0?". A@?H# 2+ - J.EUJ%J2?H% 56-2+#

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Translation can be broken down

into 3 phases, what are they?

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A +45)*&,2?* 21 -

0.".0%&D ,6* H042)?2+30)&5I1J &8 E<A -+? @<A#

#)1,6) $<3.)0*,4)

>6* +45)*&,2?*1 -.* '-?* 4( &8 - "?2&.K%".1#

BA#%K A J%"2.#% #1KA& -+? - J>.#J>A2% K&.1J#

=+'* '() *+) 305-06)6*/ *+'* 5'>) <- '

6<3.)0*,4)?